Makati

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Makati
Highly urbanized city
City of Makati
Makati Skyline for banner.jpg
07978jfCarmona Globe Events Ground Circuit Lane Ayala Malls Alveo Makatifvf 21.jpg
Ayala Avenue (Makati; 2015-0403) 04.jpg
NuestraSeñoradeGraciaChurchjf9494 15.jpg
09697jfMakati City Halls Quadrangle Complex Jose Rizal monumentfvf 14.jpg
Manila golf club course, November 2011.jpeg
Clockwise from top: The Makati skyline, the Ayala Avenue, the Makati City Hall, Manila Golf & Country Club, the Nuestra Señora de Gracia Church, and Circuit Makati
Official seal of Makati
Seal
Etymology: San Pedro de Macati
Nickname(s): 
Financial Capital of the Philippines
Motto(s): 
Makati, Mahalin Natin, Atin Ito.
("Makati, let us love it, it is ours.")
Makati in Metro Manila.svg
   Makati in    Metro Manila
OpenStreetMap
Makati is located in Philippines
Makati
Makati
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°33′N 121°02′E / 14.55°N 121.03°E / 14.55; 121.03Coordinates: 14°33′N 121°02′E / 14.55°N 121.03°E / 14.55; 121.03
CountryPhilippines
RegionNational Capital Region
Provincenone
District 1st and 2nd district
FoundedNovember 4, 1670
Cityhood & HUCFebruary 4, 1995
Barangays33 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorAbigail Binay (UNA)
 • Vice MayorMonique Lagdameo (UNA)
 • Representatives
 • City Council
Members
 • Electorate452,424 voters (2019)
Area
[2]
 • Total21.57 km2 (8.33 sq mi)
Elevation
32 m (105 ft)
Highest elevation
465 m (1,526 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2020 census) [3]
 • Total629,616
 • Density29,000/km2 (76,000/sq mi)
 • Households
148,430
Demonym(s)Makiteño; Makatizen
Economy
 • Income class1st city income class
 • Poverty incidence0.28% (2018)[4]
 • Revenue₱11,852,561,312.04 (2016)
Service provider
 • ElectricityManila Electric Company (Meralco)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
1200–1299
PSGC
137602000
IDD : area code +63 (0)02
Climate typetropical monsoon climate
Native languagesTagalog
Websitewww.makati.gov.ph

Makati (/məˈkɑːti/ mə-KAH-tee Tagalog pronunciation: [maˈkati]), officially the City of Makati (Tagalog: Lungsod ng Makati), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines.

Makati is the financial center of the Philippines; it has the highest concentration of multinational and local corporations in the country.[5] Major banks, corporations, department stores as well as foreign embassies are based in Makati. The biggest trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange used to be situated along the city's Ayala Avenue, before the stock exchange moved their headquarters to the Bonifacio Global City in Taguig.[6][7][8] Makati is also known for being a major cultural and entertainment hub in Metro Manila.[9]

According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 629,616 people  [3] making it as the 17th most populous city in the country and ranked as the 41st most densely populated city in the world with 19,336 inhabitants per square kilometer. Although its population is just half a million, the daytime population of the city is estimated to be more than one million during a typical working day because of the large number of people who go to the city to work, shop, and do business.[10]

History[]

Parts of the city were once subject to the pre-Hispanic Kingdom of Namayan, whose capital is now in the Santa Ana district of Manila.

In 1851, Don José Bonifacio Róxas (an ancestor of the Zóbel de Ayala family) purchased the Jesuit estate of "Hacienda San Pedro de Macati" for 52,800 pesos.[11] Since then, the development of Makati has remained linked with the Zóbel de Ayala family and their company, Ayala Corporation.[12]

Post-war[]

Ayala Avenue (1982).

After the destruction Second World War had brought upon Manila, and the subsequent closure of Nielson Field, the town grew rapidly, and real estate values boomed. The first of the planned communities (in what are now the barangays Forbes Park, Urdaneta, San Lorenzo and Bel-Air) were established in the 1950s with the efforts of its landowner, Ayala y Compañía. At the same time, Fort McKinley, then renamed Fort Bonifacio, and the then Philippine Army headquarters, became the starting point for the building up of seven more communities by military families who worked in the base area. The first office buildings were built on what is now the Makati Central Business District. Since the late 1960s, Makati has transformed into the financial and commercial capital of the country.[13]

In 1975, Makati was separated from Rizal province along with Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Quezon City, Marikina, San Juan, Pasig, Mandaluyong, Pateros, Taguig, Pasay, Parañaque, Las Piñas, and Muntinlupa, to become part of the National Capital Region as a component municipality.[14]

The Marcos dictatorship[]

Main articles: Southern Tagalog 10, Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos, and People Power Revolution

Makati was the setting of what is believed to be the single biggest case of involuntary disappearance during martial law[15][16][17] – the case of the "Southern Tagalog 10" – ten activists from the nearby Southern Tagalog region, mostly in their twenties,[18] who were abducted in late July 1977 at the Makati Medical Center.[19]

Following the assassination of opposition senator Benigno Aquino Jr. on 21 August 1983, Makati became a nexus for protests against the dictatorship of President Ferdinand E. Marcos. Known as the Confetti Revolution, the demonstrations held in the central business district were led partly by employees of major corporations based in the area, culminating in the 1986 People Power Revolution that toppled Marcos’ 20-year authoritarian regime. His political rival and successor, Corazon C. Aquino–the wife of the deceased senator Aquino–became the eleventh and first female president of the Philippines.

After the death of Mayor Yabut had become ill in February 1986, and eventually died on February 25, coinciding with the last day of the People Power Revolution.[20] Aquino appointed Jejomar Binay as acting mayor of the town of Makati two days later; he was subsequently elected as mayor in 1988.[21] In the early 1990s, the first skyscrapers were built during his term as Mayor.[relevant?]

Cityhood[]

On January 2, 1995, President Fidel V. Ramos signed Republic Act No. 7854 "An Act Converting the Municipality of Makati into a Highly-Urbanized City to be known as the City of Makati", making Makati the seventh city in Metro Manila. The law approved by a plebiscite one month later, on February 2, 1995, by majority of voters.

Contemporary history[]

Maps of Makati and Taguig with disputed land

On May 17, 2000, at 5:02 p.m., the Glorietta Mall located inside the Ayala Center was bombed, injuring 13 persons. According to local authorities, the homemade bomb originated from a restroom of a restaurant a video arcade. The bombing was said to be the precursor of the May 21, 2000 SM Megamall bombing and the Rizal Day bombings.[22] On October 19, 2007, an explosion in Glorietta 2 left eleven people dead and injured more than a hundred. Initially, authorities said that it was caused by a liquefied petroleum gas explosion at a restaurant, but later began investigating the possibility that the explosion may have been a C-4 bomb.[23][24]

Geography[]

Makati is located within the circle of 14′40″ °north and 121′3″ °E right at the center of Metro Manila. The city is bounded on the north by the Pasig River, facing Mandaluyong, on the northeast by Pasig, on the southeast by the municipality of Pateros and Taguig, on the northwest by the city of Manila, and on the southwest by Pasay. Makati has a total land area of 27.36 square kilometers (10.56 sq mi).

Climate[]

Under the Köppen climate classification system, the city features a tropical monsoon climate. Together with the rest of the Philippines, Makati lies entirely within the tropics. Its proximity to the equator means that the temperature range is very small, rarely going lower than 20 °C (68 °F) or going higher than 38 °C (100 °F). However, humidity levels are usually very high which makes it feel much warmer. It has a distinct, albeit relatively short dry season from January through May, and a relatively lengthy wet season from June through December.

hideClimate data for Makati
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30
(86) 		30
(86) 		31
(88) 		33
(91) 		34
(93) 		34
(93) 		33
(91) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31.7
(89.1)
Average low °C (°F) 21
(70) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		22
(72) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		22
(72) 		22.75
(72.95)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 25.4
(1.00) 		25.4
(1.00) 		38.1
(1.50) 		25.4
(1.00) 		38.1
(1.50) 		127
(5.0) 		254
(10.0) 		431.8
(17.00) 		406.4
(16.00) 		355.6
(14.00) 		203.2
(8.00) 		152.4
(6.00) 		2,082.8
(82.00)
Source: makaticity.com[25]

Cityscape[]

Makati Skyline, August 2020
Makati in 2011

Demographics[]

Population census of Makati
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 2,700—    
1918 12,612+10.82%
1939 33,530+4.77%
1948 41,335+2.35%
1960 114,540+8.86%
1970 264,918+8.74%
1975 334,448+4.78%
1980 372,631+2.18%
1990 453,170+1.98%
1995 484,176+1.25%
2000 444,867−1.80%
2007 567,349+3.41%
2010 529,039−2.51%
2015 582,602+1.85%
2020 629,616+1.54%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [26] [27] [28][29]

Makati has a population of 629,616 as of the 2020 census. [26] Makati ranks ninth in population size within Metro Manila municipalities. 88.9% of Makati residents identified their religious affiliation as Roman Catholic.[citation needed] Other groups having large number of members in the city are The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ang Dating Daan, Iglesia ni Cristo, Protestantism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism.[30]

Based on the city's Transport and Traffic Improvement Plan 2004–2014, the city's daytime population is estimated to be 3.7 million during weekdays, owing to the large number of people who come to work, do business, or shop.[31]

The daily influx of people into the city provides the skilled labor force that allows Makati to handle the service requirements of domestic as well as international transactions; it also serves as the base of a large consumer market that fuels the retail and service trade in the city.[31] At the same time, however, the large tidal population flows exert pressure on Makati's environment, services, and utilities, most noticeably causing large traffic volumes along the major road corridors leading to the city as well as within and at the periphery of the central business district.[31]

Economy and infrastructure[]

See also: Makati Central Business District
Ayala Triangle area

The city of Makati remains the richest local government unit (LGU) in the Philippines in terms of income from local sources and on a per capita basis.[39] As of end-2012, Makati had registered over 62,000 business enterprises, which are engaged in financial services, wholesale/retail, services, real estate, export/import, and manufacturing. Makati also boasts of having the highest number of BPO offices in Metro Manila at 1,159 companies to date, as well as the highest number of PEZA-accredited IT Parks and Buildings. The city government of Makati has not increased its tax rates since its new Revenue Code took effect in 2006. The city has been free of deficit for 26 years.[39]

The Ayala Triangle is a sub-district of the Makati CBD, comprising the parcel of land between Ayala Avenue, Makati Avenue and Paseo de Roxas, as well as the buildings on those streets. Many multinational companies, banks, and other major businesses are located within the triangle. A few upscale boutiques, restaurants, and a park called Ayala Triangle Gardens are also located in the area.[40] Ayala Avenue and Paseo de Roxas also have the distinction of being the runways of the former Nielson Field, Metro Manila's main airport in the 1930s.

The Makati Business Club has over 800 chief executive officers and senior executives, which represents 450 of the country's biggest corporations.[41]

Most of the tallest skyscrapers in Metro Manila and the Philippines are located in Makati such as the PBCom Tower, Gramercy Residences in Century City and G.T. International Tower.

PBCom Tower along Ayala Avenue is the country's tallest office building. It is the headquarters of the Philippine Bank of Communications, or PBCom. The PBCom Tower is an office skyscraper ranked officially as the tallest building in the Philippines from 2001 to 2017. It has a total ground-to-architectural-top height of 259 meters (850 ft), with 52 stories[42] including an 8-level radio tower.

Shopping centers[]

Power Plant Mall at Rockwell Center

Makati is one of the most well-known shopping hubs of Metro Manila. Various shopping centers, offering both international and local retail shops, high-end boutiques, dining outlets and entertainment facilities can be found around the city.[43]

The Ayala Center is a major commercial development operated by Ayala Land located in the Makati CBD. The center is known for its wide array of shopping, entertainment, and cultural offerings, making it a premier shopping and cultural district in the metropolis.[44] It is a vast walkable complex with high-end malls that houses cinemas, local and international shops, homegrown restaurants and international food chains. The shopping malls that are located at the Ayala Center include Greenbelt, Glorietta, Park Square, and The Link. The Ayala Center is also home to 3 department stores namely, SM Makati, Rustan's, and The Landmark.

Education[]

The University of Makati

The University of Makati, a public, non-profit university, is the city's flagship university. Other institutions of higher education located in the city include the Asian Institute of Management (AIM), iAcademy, Asian Seminary of Christian Ministries (ASCM), Don Bosco Technical Institute of Makati, Assumption College San Lorenzo, Saint Paul College of Makati, Our Lady of Guadalupe Minor Seminary, and Asia Pacific College.

Several higher education institutions headquartered outside the city have established branch or satellite campuses in Makati. These include the Ateneo de Manila University (Ateneo Professional Schools), De La Salle University, Far Eastern University, Mapúa Institute of Technology, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Centro Escolar University, and AMA Computer College Colleges, among others.

Australian Catholic University, a foreign institution, maintains an extension program in Makati.

Culture and sports[]

University of Makati Stadium.

Makati is home to a number of fine art museums, colonial-era churches and recreation areas. Along the south-eastern border of Makati beyond Forbes Park are the Manila Golf Club and the Manila Polo Club.[45] The Manila Golf Club features an 18-hole golf course. The Manila Polo Club counts among its polo enthusiasts some of the country's wealthiest people. The Makati Sports Club in Salcedo Village is another popular place for sports. The Makati Coliseum is another famous sports landmark in the city, where some of the biggest sports gatherings are held.

The University of Makati Stadium was the home venue of Philippines Football League club Kaya F.C.–Iloilo, prior to their move to Iloilo City. In the northwest, Circuit Makati's Gatorade-Chelsea Blue Pitch is a multi-use stadium, used not just for football games but since 2017 serves as the primary hub of the Philippine-American Football League.

The Ayala Museum is a private fine arts and history museum housing various exhibitions such as the "Gold of Ancestors," an exhibition of more than one thousand golden pre-Hispanic artifacts.[46] Other popular museums also in Makati also include the Yuchengco Museum and the Museo ng Makati.

Makati has several Spanish-era churches, such as the Our Lady of Guadalupe and the Nuestra Señora de Gracia Church (Our Lady of Grace) in the old town. At the Greenbelt Park stands the modern domed chapel of the Santo Niño de la Paz. Between Forbes Park and Dasmariñas Village is the Santuario de San Antonio, a popular church for weddings in the Makati area. The National Shrine of the Sacred Heart is located in San Antonio Village. Makati also houses the country's only Jewish synagogue, Beth Yaacov.[47]

There is a red-light district around Padre Burgos Street.[48]

Future development[]

Ayala Land and the Makati Tourism Foundation launched a year-long campaign titled "Make It Happen, Make it Makati" to increase Makati's visibility as an arts and culture destination. The campaign is part of Ayala's ongoing US$1.5 billion redevelopment masterplan for Makati, which began in 2011 and divides the city into six distinct hubs for business, lifestyle, entertainment and transport.[49]

Transportation[]

The Magallanes Interchange
The Ayala MRT Station

Major roads in Metro Manila surround Makati, such as Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), located in the southeast part of the city, the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), which intersect EDSA at the Magallanes Interchange, and the Skyway which is built on top of SLEX and Osmeña Highway.

Land[]

Two of Metro Manila's main arteries pass through Makati. The Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) pass along the city's southeast part and connects it with the cities of Mandaluyong and Pasay. The South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) starts in southwestern Makati and connects it with southern Metro Manila and Southern Luzon. The Skyway is an elevated expressway that connects with NLEX and SLEX, providing residents coming from Northern Luzon, Northern Metro Manila, Southern Luzon and other cities of Southern Metro Manila a fast way to reach Makati. SLEX and EDSA intersect at the Magallanes Interchange, which is the most complex system of elevated roadways in Metro Manila.

Buses plying the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA/C-4) route from Parañaque to Quezon City and Caloocan pass through the central business/financial district daily, as well as buses to and from Alabang in Muntinlupa and Biñan and Santa Rosa in Laguna. Jeepneys ply Makati's inner roads and connect the city to its surrounding towns and cities.

The country's first-ever e-jeepney and hybrid bus services were piloted in Makati. The buses are parallel electric hybrids, powered by an electric motor and a Euro 3 diesel motor. The hybrid buses ply the route from Gil Puyat Avenue (Tramo/LRT-1 Taft) to Kalayaan Avenue (C-5), which are considered among the busiest in the city's central business district, cutting through other major roads like South Superhighway; Chino Roces, Ayala and Makati Avenues; Paseo de Roxas and EDSA.[50]

Other major roads in the city include Gil Puyat Avenue, which connects EDSA and SLEX in the north; Ayala Avenue, an important street that runs through the Makati CBD; Osmeña Highway, which connects SLEX to the city of Manila; and Makati Avenue, which connects Ayala Avenue with Gil Puyat Avenue, also extending north to cross the Pasig River to Mandaluyong. At the center of Makati is the Ayala Triangle, a park built on the former Nielsen Air Base.

Railways[]

Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3 (MRT Line 3) on EDSA has four stations located in Makati: Guadalupe, Buendia, Ayala and Magallanes.

The Philippine National Railways has three stations in the city: Dela Rosa, Pasay Road and EDSA.

In 2013, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) worked on a feasibility study for a $1.75 billion monorail project. The proposed 12.56-kilometer elevated monorail is envisioned to connect Makati, Bonifacio Global City and Pasay through the Line 3 as well as the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. The present alignment being considered starts from the Guadalupe MRT Station, enters Bonifacio Global City through the north gate and ends at Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 3. If approved, the monorail project can be completed by 2016.[51]

In 2015, the NEDA (National Economic Development Authority) approved the Public-Private Partnership project for the Makati-Pasay-Taguig Mass Transit System Loop which will have stations at key points in Makati namely Buendia MRT station, Ayala-EDSA, Ayala Triangle, Makati Post Office and PNR-Buendia which was later shelved and partially revived in 2018 as the Makati Intra-City Subway which inherits most of the stations in Makati and its designation as Line 5.[52]

Airport[]

The city is 20 minutes away from the Ninoy Aquino International Airport.

Water[]

The Pasig River is located north of Makati. The Pasig River Ferry Service has two stations: Guadalupe and Valenzuela.

Local government[]

Makati City Hall

The current mayor for the 2016–2019 term is Abby Binay, the daughter of former mayor and former Vice President Jejomar Binay. Monique Yazmin Q. Lagdameo is the city's incumbent vice mayor. The vice mayor heads a legislative council consisting of 18 members: 8 councilors from the 1st District, 8 councilors from the 2nd District, the President of the Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Council) Federation, representing the youth sector, and the President of the Association of Barangay Chairmen (ABC) as barangay sectoral representative. The council is in charge of creating the city's policies in the form of Ordinances and Resolutions. Current district representatives of the city are Romulo "Kid" Peña Jr.,[53] representing the 1st district and Luis Jose Angel Campos Jr., husband of Abby Binay, for the 2nd district.

Barangays[]

Map of Makati; note that Makati controls strips of land of Barangay Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside, Makati.

Makati is divided into 33 barangays (the smallest local government units) which handles governance in a much smaller area. These barangays are grouped into two congressional districts where each district is represented by a congressman in the country's House of Representatives. Congressional District I is composed of the barangays straddling EDSA, the barangays to the north and west of them, while excluding Guadalupe Viejo and Pinagkaisahan, while District II are to the south and east of District I, including the two aforementioned baragays. The districts used to elect the members of the city council are coextensive with the congressional districts.

Barangay Population (2004) Population (2010)[54] Population (2015)[55] Area (km2) District
22,433 23,378 21,650 0.74 1st
Bel-Air 9,330 18,280 23,685 1.71 1st
Carmona 3,699 3,096 3,109 0.34 1st
25,815 27,998 26,213 0.22 2nd
14,174 14,433 16,818 0.27 2nd
Dasmariñas 5,757 5,654 5,589 1.90 1st
23,902 26,433 28,114 0.44 2nd
Forbes Park 3,420 2,533 2,335 2.53 1st
Guadalupe Nuevo 22,493 18,271 18,341 0.57 2nd
13,632 16,411 13,415 0.62 2nd
6,224 5,291 5,881 0.09 1st
8,843 7,931 7,356 0.32 1st
7,509 5,576 5,672 1.20 1st
20,172 21,270 20,251 0.44 1st
16,614 17,283 14,110 0.65 1st
35,035 44,803 48,275 1.23 2nd
6,186 5,804 5,739 0.16 2nd
22,495 27,035 30,732 1.20 1st
Pitogo 13,367 15,332 14,395 0.14 2nd
Poblacion 8,446 17,120 25,393 0.46 1st
Post Proper Northside (disputed barangay) — 6,010 28,572 2.38 2nd
Post Proper Southside (disputed barangay) — 10,458 52,428 3.41 2nd
37,022 41,959 42,635 3.55 2nd
12,226 11,443 16,840 0.89 1st
San Isidro 8,686 7,589 8,045 0.50 1st
6,487 10,006 12,995 2.09 1st
7,419 7,440 7,207 0.47 1st
Singkamas 6,226 7,426 7,370 0.13 1st
13,570 14,672 15,103 0.20 2nd
16,820 13,868 13,696 0.29 1st
3,817 3,717 4,429 0.74 1st
5,908 7,261 6,310 0.24 1st
28,889 28,406 29,899 0.55 2nd

Mayors[]

Main article: Mayor of Makati

Seal of Makati[]

Ph seal Makati.svg

The Seal of Makati composes of the outline map of Makati containing 33 rays, green buildings, and a church.

The map of Makati is in golden yellow color which represents wealth and prosperity. The rays represent the 33 barangays of Makati which are described to be "surging forward to a brighter future". The color of the buildings symbolizes life which is described to reflect a "new progressive" Makati. The church represents the oldest church of Makati, the Nuestra Señora de Gracia, which was used by Filipino revolutionaries against the Spaniards in 1896 and the Americans in 1898. The waves represent the tide which came from the phrase "Makati na, Kumakati na" which means ebbing tide.[56]

International relations[]

Diplomatic missions[]

Most of the diplomatic missions to Manila by foreign countries in the Philippines have their chanceries located in Makati:

Sister cities[]

Makati's sister city is Los Angeles, California. Makati is also twinned with Ramapo, New York and Vladivostok, Russia.

International
  • Morocco Casablanca, Morocco
  • Romania Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  • United States Los Angeles, United States
  • United States Ramapo, New York, United States
  • Taiwan Taichung, Taiwan
  • Russia Vladivostok, Russia
Local

See also[]

References[]

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60. http://urbansdgplatform.org/profile/profile_caseView_detail.msc?no_case=281#:~:text=The%20establishment%20of%20a%20unified,launching%20of%20the%20Makatizen%20Card.

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