LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)

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LRT Line 1
ManilaLine1Logo.svg
09668jfRoads Rizal Avenue Santa Cruz Bridge Landmarksfvf 18.JPG
A LRTA 1000 class LRV approaching Doroteo Jose station
Overview
StatusOperational
OwnerDepartment of Transportation – Light Rail Transit Authority
Line number1
LocaleMetro Manila, Philippines
TerminiRoosevelt
Baclaran
Stations20
WebsiteLRTA, LRMC
Service
TypeLight rapid transit
SystemManila Light Rail Transit System
Services1
Operator(s)
  • Meralco Transit Organization (Metrorail) (1984–2000)
  • Light Rail Transit Authority (2000–2014)
  • Light Rail Manila Corporation (2014–present for OEM)
  • RATP Dev Transdev Asia
Depot(s)Baclaran
Zapote (future)
Rolling stockLRTA 1000 class
LRTA 1100 class
LRTA 1200 class
LRTA 13000 class (by 2021)
Daily ridership453,000 daily (2018) [1]
History
OpenedDecember 1, 1984; 36 years ago (1984-12-01)[2]
Technical
Track length19.65 km (12.21 mi)
32.4 km (20.1 mi) (2022)
Number of tracks2
CharacterElevated
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification750 V DC Overhead lines
Operating speedOperating speed:
60 km/h (37 mph)[3]
Design speed:
80 km/h (50 mph)
Route diagram

Legend
North Avenue
(under construction)
3 (7  MMS )
Roosevelt(temporarily closed)
Balintawak
North Luzon Expressway and Skyway
Quezon City
Caloocan
 Monumento
5th Avenue
Caloocan
Manila
 R. Papa
Abad Santos
Blumentritt
Philippine National Railways (PNR).svg
 Tayuman
Bambang
Doroteo Jose
Recto
Lrtalogo.svg
 Carriedo
Pasig River
 Central Terminal
Bus interchange ferry/water interchange
 United Nations
Pedro Gil
Quirino
Vito Cruz
Manila
Pasay
 Gil Puyat
Bus interchange
 Libertad
EDSA
Taft Avenue
3
Pasay Depot
 Baclaran
↓ under construction
Pasay
Parañaque
 Redemptorist
Manila International Airport Manila International Airport
Asia World
Bus interchange
 Ninoy Aquino
Dr. A. Santos
Parañaque
Las Piñas
 Las Piñas
Las Piñas
Bacoor
Zapote Depot
 Zapote
Niog
This diagram:
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The Light Rail Transit Line 1, commonly referred to as LRT Line 1 or LRT-1, is a rapid transit system line in Metro Manila, Philippines, operated by Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC) and owned by the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) as part of the Manila Light Rail Transit System. Currently, the line consists of 20 stations and runs on 19.65 kilometers (12.21 mi) of fully elevated route.

It travels in a general north–south direction from Baclaran to Monumento, and then east–west from Monumento to Roosevelt. The line links the cities of Quezon City, Caloocan, Manila, Pasay, and Parañaque. Passengers may transfer to the LRT Line 2 at Doroteo Jose and to the MRT Line 3 at EDSA.

A 1977 study conducted by Freeman Fox and Associates suggested a street-level railway in Manila but the government revised this recommendation to an elevated system. On July 12, 1980, President Ferdinand Marcos created the LRTA and construction of the line began the following year. With the opening of its first segment on December 1, 1984, it became the first rapid transit service in Southeast Asia.[4]

Originally referred to as Metrorail and the Yellow Line, LRT Line 1 was reclassified to be the Green Line in 2012. Future plans include an eight-station southbound extension into the province of Cavite by 2027[5] (with partial operations in 2024) and an eventual extension to the North Triangle Common Station which will provide additional connections to MRT Line 3, MRT Line 7 and the Metro Manila Subway.

Route[]

Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
A geographic map of LRT Line 1

The line is predominantly aligned to the path of Taft Avenue (Radial Road 2) which was chosen largely due to its straight course. Later on, as Taft Avenue ends, it shifts to Rizal Avenue and Rizal Avenue Extension (Radial Road 9) then turning right on EDSA before ending at the corner of North and West Avenues and EDSA.

Stations[]

The exterior of Roosevelt station, the line's northern terminus until its temporary closure
The platform of EDSA station

The line serves 20 stations along its route. A twenty-first station is yet to be constructed.[6] Eight stations which are part of the LRT Line 1 South extension are also set to be constructed south of Baclaran. A previously proposed station, Malvar station in Caloocan was proposed during the construction of the northern extension located between Monumento and Balintawak stations, becoming a bargaining object during the entire extension line's construction in the jurisdiction of Caloocan. However, the planned Malvar Station was completely shelved by the Aquino administration.[7]

In September 2020, Roosevelt station was temporarily closed to give way for the construction of the North Triangle Common Station. During this closure, the tracks extending eastward from Roosevelt station would have to be realigned in order to provide the necessary connection to the Common Station.[8]

Key
† Existing terminus
Name Distance (km) Rail/Bus Transfers Location
Between stations From Roosevelt
North Triangle Common Station — — 3 MRT Line 3
7 MRT Line 7
 MMS  Metro Manila Subway, EDSA Busway 		Quezon City
Roosevelt † — 0.000 —
Balintawak 1.870 1.870 EDSA Busway, Bus 3, 20, 21, 22
Monumento 2.250 4.120 EDSA Busway, Bus 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 21, 22 Caloocan
5th Avenue 1.087 5.207 Bus 2, 17
R. Papa 0.954 6.161 Bus 17 Manila
Abad Santos 0.660 6.821 Bus 17
Blumentritt 0.927 7.748 Philippine National Railways (PNR).svg PNR Metro Commuter Line, Bus 17
Tayuman 0.671 8.419 Bus 17
Bambang 0.618 9.037 Bus 17
Doroteo Jose 0.648 9.685 Lrtalogo.svg LRT Line 2 via Recto, Bus 10, 17
Carriedo 0.685 10.370 —
Central Terminal 0.725 11.095 Bus 6, 17
United Nations 1.214 12.309 Bus 6, 17
Pedro Gil 0.754 13.063 Bus 6, 17
Quirino 0.794 13.857 Bus 6, 17
Vito Cruz 0.827 14.684 Bus 6, 17
Gil Puyat 1.061 15.745 Bus 6, 13, 17 Pasay
Libertad 0.730 16.475 Bus 6, 17
EDSA 1.010 17.485 3 MRT Line 3
via Taft Avenue, Bus 6, 17, 18
Baclaran † 0.588 18.073 —
Redemptorist — — — Parañaque
Manila International Airport — — —
Asia World — — Bus interchange PITX, EDSA Busway, Bus 2, 18, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30
Ninoy Aquino — — —
Dr. Santos — — —
Las Piñas — — — Las Piñas
Zapote — — — Bacoor City, Cavite
Niog — — —
Note: Stations or lines in italics are under construction

History[]

Planning and funding[]

LRTA Class 1000 being built in Bruges in 1982

In 1977, the results of a fourteen-month study conducted by Freeman Fox and Associates and funded by the World Bank recommended the construction of a street-level light rail line in Manila. Following a review by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, later the Department of Transportation (DOTr), the proposal was revised to an elevated railway in order to avoid building over the city's many intersections. This raised the project's cost from ₱1.5 billion to ₱2 billion. An alignment along Rizal and Taft avenues, which spanned from Monumento, Caloocan in the north to Baclaran, Pasay in the south, was selected because it followed a relatively straight path for most of its route.[9]: 36  On July 12, 1980, President Ferdinand Marcos created the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) and assigned First Lady and Governor of Metro Manila Imelda Marcos as its chairman. While the LRTA confined its roles to policy making, fare regulation, and future planning, the line's operations were assigned to Metro, Inc., a sister company of Meralco. The line came to be referred to as Metrorail.[10]

The Belgian Government granted a ₱300 million soft and interest-free loan for the project's construction, with a repayment period of 30 years. Additional funding was later sourced from a ₱700 million loan, provided by a Belgian consortium consisting of ACEC, La Brugeoise et Nivelles, Tractionnel Engineering International, and Transurb Consult. The consortium also supplied the line's first light rail vehicles, power control, signalling, and telecommunications, as well as provided training and technical assistance. Designed as a public utility rather than a profit center, the line was expected to incur a deficit through 1993, but complete its repayments within a period of 20 years.[10]

Construction and opening[]

The government-owned Construction Development Corporation of the Philippines was the project's sole contractor.[9]: 36  In 1981, an economic recession and the government's inability to provide counterpart funds for civil works and right-of-way acquisition, which amounted to 60 percent of the project's total cost, led to a delay in construction.[11]: 170  Work finally began in September of that year along Taft Avenue, between Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) and Libertad Street.[12] In order to make way for Carriedo station and a segment of tracks approaching the Pasig River, a department store and a classroom building owned by FEATI University were demolished.[9]: 36  The southern section, between the Baclaran to United Nations stations, was inaugurated on September 11, 1984, and commercial operation along this section commenced on December 1. The line was extended from Central Terminal to Monumento on May 12, 1985, and Line 1 subsequently became fully operational on the same day. During the first several years, two-car trains that could accommodate up to 748 passengers were utilized. This amounted to a capacity of 20,000 passengers per direction.[13]

North extension[]

The line's North Extension is a 5.4-kilometer (3.4 mi) extension of LRT-1 to the North Triangle Common Station which also involves the construction of two stations: Balintawak station and Roosevelt station, as part of the MRT-LRT Closing the Loop project under the Arroyo administration. Construction of the North Extension began in July 2008 and was finished in 2010. The construction was intended to integrate the LRT Line 1 and MRT Line 3 operations, but it never happened although there were test runs in 2010 and 2012. Balintawak station opened on March 22, 2010,[14] while Roosevelt station opened seven months later, on October 22.[15]

In September 2008, during the construction of the North Extension, Malvar station was proposed[16] and was met with controversies between the Caloocan local government, the general public, and the Light Rail Transit Authority.[7] The station was approved in July 2009 but construction did not commence until it was shelved a few years later.[17]

LRMC takeover[]

On October 12, 2014, Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC), a joint venture company of Metro Pacific's Metro Pacific Light Rail Corporation (MPLRC), Ayala Corporation's AC Infrastructure Holdings Corporation (AC Infra), and the Philippine Investment Alliance for Infrastructure's Macquarie Infrastructure Holdings (Philippines) PTE Ltd.(MIHPL), signed a concession agreement with the DOTr and LRTA for the operation and maintenance of LRT Line 1 and the construction of a PhP 65 billion extension project to Bacoor, Cavite.[18][19] LRMC, in turn, contracted the operation and maintenance of the line for 20 years to RATP Dev under its subsidiary RATP Dev Transdev Asia, a joint venture between Transdev and RATP Dev.[20][21] The 32-year concession started on September 12, 2015.

On May 29, 2020, the Japanese company Sumitomo Corp, which currently maintains the MRT Line 3, acquired a 34.9-percent stake of the Ayala-MPIC consortium.[22]

Rolling stock[]

The line at various stages in its history has used different configurations of two-car, three-car, and four-car trainsets. The two-car trains are the original first-generation BN and ACEC trains (railway cars numbered from 1000). Most were transformed into three-car trains, although some two-car trains remain in service. The four-car trains are the more modern second-generation Hyundai Precision and Adtranz (1100) and third-generation Kinki Sharyo / Nippon Sharyo (1200) trains.[23][24] There are 139 railway cars grouped into 40 trains serving the line: 63 of these are first-generation cars, 28 second-generation, and 48 third-generation. One train car (1037) was severely damaged in the Rizal Day bombings and was subsequently decommissioned.[25][26] The maximum speed of these cars is 80 km/h (50 mph), but currently run at a safe speed of 60 km/h (37 mph).[27][28] Previously, all trains running between Monumento and Baclaran and vice versa run at a safe speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) since 2011 due to the deteriorating condition of the railway tracks and uncertainties with the rolling stock, power systems and signalling systems. The line was rehabilitated and the system was upgraded when LRMC took over in 2015 for the operations and maintenance of the line. The railway operator received a safety certification in March 2021 and the current speed was implemented on April 5, 2021.[3]

The line's fleet is being modernized to cope with increasing numbers of passengers. In the initial phase of its capacity expansion program completed in 1999, the line's seven four-car second-generation trains were commissioned providing an increased train capacity of 1,350 passengers while the original two-car trains capable of holding 748 passengers were transformed into three-car trains with room for 1,122.[23]

The acquisition marked the introduction of the first air-conditioned trains to the line. Earlier rolling stock was notorious for its lack of air conditioning, relying instead on forced-air roof ventilation for cooling.[29] Unfortunately, this resulted in hot and stuffy rides. The problem was addressed more fully after a preparatory rehabilitation program completed in 2001 allowed the installation of air conditioners to the older rolling stock.[30] By June 2004, all Yellow Line trains had air conditioning.[31][32]

As part of the second phase of expansion on the Yellow Line, 12 new trains made in Japan by Kinki Sharyo and provided by the Manila Tren Consortium were shipped in the third quarter of 2006 and went into service in the first quarter of 2007. The new air-conditioned trains have boosted the capacity of the line from 27,000 to 40,000 passengers per hour per direction.[24][33][34]

As of recent, the original trainsets are undergoing a body repaint and repair to address body issues and put it at par with its newer trains in terms of aesthetics. The idle and bogged down 2G trains, reduced to 2 running sets, have been a subject of an extensive rehabilitation program.[35] The rehabilitation resulted in revived second generation units with modernized electronics, new traction controllers and motors. 4 of the coaches in the third-generation trains that are currently out of service is the trainset that figured in the train collision in Roosevelt station.

LRMC has also built an in-house laboratory for production, manufacturing, fabrication and repair of train parts that are no longer available in the market.

Production of new rolling stock is awarded to Mitsubishi Corporation and manufacturing partner CAF, together with JICA, valued at P64.9 billion for 120 cars, or 30 train sets to the line, in order to cover its Cavite Extension, and able to service more passengers. The train sets is slated be delivered from 2021 to 2022.[36][37][23][32][38] [39] [40][excessive citations] LRMC announced that the first Trainset was delivered to them in January 2021 and expects deliveries to be completed by May 2022.[41]

The Passenger Assist Railway Display System, a passenger information system powered by LCD screens installed near the ceiling of the train that shows news, advertisements, current train location, arrivals and station layouts, are already installed in the Trains, along with the Line 2 and the Line 3.

Rolling stock First-generation Second-generation Third-generation Fourth-generation
Image First Generation 3-car train (2004) Second Generation (1999) Third Generation (2007)
Year 1984 1999 2007 fiscal 2021
Manufacturers BN Constructions Ferroviaires et Métalliques / SA Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi Hyundai Precision / Adtranz Kinki Sharyo / Nippon Sharyo Mitsubishi / Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles
Model Class 1000 Class 1100 Class 1200 Class 13000
Number built (cars) 64 built (41 in service, 15 out of service, 8 decommissioned) 28 built (24 in service, 4 out of service, under rehabilitation) 48 built (44 in service,
4 out of service) 		120 ordered; 30 4-car sets to be built
Car type 8-axle (4 bogie) rigid body 6-axle (3 bogie) rigid body 6-axle (3 bogie) rigid body
Car length 29.28 metres (96 ft 1 in) 26.5 m (86 ft 11 in) (MC car w/ coupler)

26.35 m (86 ft 5 in) (M Car w/anti-climber/semi permanent coupler)

Width 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) 2.59 metres (8 ft 6 in)
Height (From top of rail) 3525 mm 3740 mm 3910 mm
Configuration 2-car configuration:

MC-MC (59,590 mm)

2-car configuration:

MC-MC (53,000 mm)

3-car configuration:

MC-MC-MC (89,370 mm)

3-car configuration:

MC-M-MC (79,350 mm)

4-car configuration:

MC-M-M-MC (105,700 mm)

4-car configuration:

MC-M-M-MC (106,000 mm)

Articulation Double Single
Capacity 748 to 1,122 passengers
(81 seated, 293 standing) 		1,358 passengers
(320 seated, 1038 standing) 		1,388 passengers (272 seated, 1116 standing @ 7 passengers/m2) 1,388 passengers (276 seated @ 7 passengers/m2, 1,132 passengers standing capacity)
Doors 1400 mm wide; Plug-type; 5-doors/side 1500 mm wide x 1900 mm high; Interior sliding type; 4-doors/side Interior sliding-type; 4-doors/side
Traction system DC 218 kW Chopper Type x 1 AC 125 kW VVVF Type
with regeneration x 2 		AC 105 kW VVVF Control
with regeneration x 2
Traction power 750 V DC OCS; pantograph power connection
Body Material BI sheet Stainless steel
Ventilation Forced ventilation (pre–2003 refurbishment)12 units/car;

Air-conditioned; roof-mounted duct type; 5 units/car (refurbished)

Air-conditioned; roof-mounted duct type; 2 units/car Air-conditioned
Status In service;
rehabilitated in 2003–2004 and 2016;
2019–present 		In service;
rehabilitated in 2019-2020 		In service 6 trainsets (24 cars) delivered as of July 2021; currently parked at Baclaran depot

Ridership[]

The ridership of the line reaches from 300,000 passengers daily, to as much as 500,000 passengers daily, due to the increased number of trains, from 86 vehicles to 113 vehicles available for daily trips . This gradually reduces the waiting time of passengers from 5 minutes to as much as 2–3.5 minutes.[42][43] The LRT 1 also carries as much as 14.63 million passengers monthly in 2018,[42] and currently aims to increase the number of passengers being served on the line to more than 800,000 passengers, as the line's Cavite Extension Project is set to be fully operational by 2027.

Plans[]

South extension[]

Construction of the Cavite Extension Project viaduct along Ninoy Aquino Avenue (July 18, 2021)
Construction of the Cavite Extension Project viaduct along C-5 Road Extension (July 18, 2021)

An extension of LRT Line 1 to the south, known as the South Extension Project or the Cavite Extension Project, is under construction and will serve the areas of Parañaque to Cavite.[44] The extension will span from the Quirino Avenue, Harrison Avenue, and Taft Avenue Extension intersection, then would travel down from Redemptorist Road to Coastal Road, and will traverse through the Parañaque River and will enter Ninoy Aquino Avenue until reaching and traversing the C5 Extension Road; and will once again enter Coastal Road, crossing the Las Piñas-Bacoor Boundary Bridge along the Zapote River, and traverse through the Alabang–Zapote Road and Aguinaldo Highway intersection, until reaching the Niog station located along the Molino Boulevard at Bacoor, Cavite. The extension project would add 8 stations covering 11.7 kilometers (7.3 mi) of new elevated railway sections and would be the third rail line extending outside the Metro Manila area (after the east extension of Line 2 and the construction of Line 7).[44] The project is divided in two phases - Phase 1 covers five stations from Redemptorist to Dr. Santos, while Phase 2 covers the remaining three stations from Las Piñas to Niog.[5]

The project was first approved by the National Economic and Development Authority on August 25, 2000, while the Implementing Agreement for the project was approved on January 22, 2002.[45] An unsolicited bid to conduct this work from Canada's SNC-Lavalin was rejected by the Philippine government in 2005.[46] In 2006, the government worked with advisers (International Finance Corporation, White & Case, Halcrow and others) to conduct an open-market invitation to tender for the extension and for a 30-year concession to run the extended line. However, Former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo subsequently withdrew the project.

The LRT Line 1 South Extension Project will consist of the following eight stations:

  • Redemptorist – Parañaque
  • Manila International Airport – Parañaque
  • Asia World – Parañaque
  • Ninoy Aquino – Parañaque
  • Dr. Santos – Parañaque
  • Las Piñas – Las Piñas
  • Zapote – along the boundaries of Bacoor and Las Piñas
  • Niog – Bacoor

Plans were also laid out to include 2 additional stations for the extension project:

The plans for the southern extension project were laid out as early as 2012 and was expected to begin construction in 2014 but was delayed due to right of way issues. The issues were resolved in 2016 and on May 4, 2017, the groundbreaking for the ₱64.915 billion ($1.36 billion)[47] South Extension Project was held, with the assistance of the Light Rail Manila Corporation and the Japan International Cooperation Agency.[48] The extension project also features the construction of three intermodal facilities, one satellite depot located at Zapote, and mass upgrades to the existing Baclaran depot. The project is expected to cater more than 800,000 passengers daily once completed, with the DOTr secretary Arthur Tugade projecting the early completion of the project to be within 2020.[49][50]

The line would be extended from Parañaque southwards, connecting Las Piñas and Bacoor to the Mega Manila railway network. Civil works on the extension began on May 7, 2019 after the right-of-way acquisitions were cleared.[45] The construction of the extension line will be built using a full span launching method, a new construction method, renowned as one of the fastest methods of construction for bridges and elevated viaducts that cuts time and total land space needed for construction. The LRMC partnered with Bouygues Construction,[51] Alstom (for the installation of the signalling and communication systems),[52] and the RATP Dev Transdev Asia[53] for the overall engineering, procurement, consultation, construction and assistance services for the project. The extension project will also serve as the first railway line to use the new construction method.

As of July 2021, the project is 58.03% complete. The first five stations from Redemptorist to Dr. Santos will be partial operational by first quarter of 2024, while the remaining three stations are expected to be fully operational by second quarter of 2027.[54]

Extension to the North Triangle Common Station[]

Columns of the under-construction LRT-1 extension to the North Triangle Common Station in August 2021.
Further information: North Triangle Common Station

The original north extension until Roosevelt station will be extended to the under-construction North Triangle Common Station. The project site of the common station was disputed for years until an agreement with the stakeholders was signed in January 2017.[55] Construction of the station began on September 29, 2017[56] and is planned to partially open in 2021. The entire common station is slated for completion by the end of 2022.[57]

Incidents and accidents[]

Rizal Day bombings[]

Main article: Rizal Day bombings

On Rizal Day in the year 2000, a Yellow Line train (Car number 1037) exploded near Blumentritt station as part of a series of explosions in a terrorist attack known as the Rizal Day bombings. The attack on the line killed some 22 people and injured hundreds. Eight members of both Jemaah Islamiyah and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which include Hambal, Asia's most wanted man, and Fathur Rahman al-Ghozi, were charged with plotting and masterminding the attacks in 2003, some three years after the attacks. Three suspects were put on trial,[58][59] with al-Ghozi receiving 17 years in prison due to the illegal possession of explosives. Al-Ghozi later died in a firefight after attempting to escape from prison. Car number 1037 is decommissioned. There were plans to reconstruct it, but was ultimately scrapped along with other units deemed beyond economical repair.[citation needed]

Other incidents[]

  • On February 18, 2011, two trains (1G and 3G) collided near Roosevelt Station in Quezon City at the reversing tracks, around a kilometer away to the east. There were no passengers onboard when the incident happened. The cause of the collision is yet to be determined, whether due to driver error or technical malfunction.[60]
  • On May 23, 2015, thousands of passengers were stranded after two trains (1G and 3G) collided near the Monumento station. A train driver was hurt after the impact caused his head to slam into the dashboard of the train.[61] The accident, later revealed to be caused by power fluctuation that affected the signalling system, forced passengers to alight from the station until services was restored around 1 pm at the same day.[62]
  • On February 20, 2018, at around 6:00am, a train at R. Papa station unloaded 120 passengers after the air pressure gauge inside the train malfunctioned. The operations returned to normal 30 minutes later.[63]
  • On October 3, 2019, a mechanical problem limited the LRT-1 operations between Monumento and Baclaran stations. The operations returned to normal at 1:50pm.[64]
  • On November 6, 2020, a 1G train car emitted smoke at Gil Puyat station at 2:00 PM due to a catenary fault. Passengers were evacuated, and the line implemented a provisional service from Balintawak to Central Terminal and vice versa.[65] The situation normalized at 8:00 PM.[66]

References[]

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