Malecón, Havana
El Malecón | |
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General information | |
Architectural style | Modern sea wall. |
Town or city | ![]() |
Country | ![]() |
Inaugurated | 1901 |
Owner | City of Havana |
Height | 1m |
Technical details | |
Material | Reinforced concrete |
The Malecón (officially Avenida de Maceo) is a broad esplanade, roadway, and seawall that stretches for 8 km (5 miles) along the coast in Havana, Cuba,[1] from the mouth of Havana Harbor in Old Havana, along the north side of the Centro Habana neighborhood and the Vedado neighborhood, ending at the mouth of the Almendares River. New businesses are appearing on the esplanade due to economic reforms in Cuba that now allow Cubans to own private businesses.[2]
History[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Malec%C3%B3n_Antes_de_su_construcci%C3%B3n._A%C3%B1o_1900.jpg/220px-Malec%C3%B3n_Antes_de_su_construcci%C3%B3n._A%C3%B1o_1900.jpg)
Construction of the Malecón began in 1901, during temporary U.S. military rule.[3] The main purpose of building the Malecón was to protect Havana from the sea and the so-called American Nortes.[3][citation needed]
To celebrate the construction of the first 500m section of the Malecón, the American government built a roundabout at the intersection of Paseo del Prado, which, according to architects of the period, was the first one built in Cuba with steel-reinforced concrete. In front of the roundabout, where every Sunday bands played Cuban melodies, the Miramar Hotel was built, which was very much in fashion for the first 15 years of independence, and which was the first one where the waiters wore tuxedos (dinner jackets) and vests (waistcoats) with gold buttons.[3]
Subsequent Cuban governments continued the extension of the first section of the Malecón. In 1923, it reached the mouth of the Almendares River between K and L streets in Vedado, where the United States Embassy was built, near the José Martí Sports Park and, further out, the Hotel Rosita de Hornedo (today, the Sierra Maestra).[3]
In 1957 and 1958, the roadway served as the venue of the Cuban Grand Prix.
Stages of completion[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Malecon_Boulevard_1925.jpg/220px-Malecon_Boulevard_1925.jpg)
- In 1901 and 1902, from the Paseo del Prado to Calle Crespo
- Between 1902 and 1921 as far as the Monument to the Victims of the USS Maine
- Between 1948 and 1952 to the mouth of the Almendares River
Today[]
The Malecón continues to be popular among Cubans.[3]
It is also a means of income for poorer families as individual fishermen cast their lures there. In addition, it is a hotspot for prostitution in Cuba by men and women.[3]
Although the houses lining the Malecón are mostly in ruins, the Malecón remains one of the most spectacular and popular destinations in Havana.[3]
Points of interest[]
There are a number of important monuments along the Malecón, including those to General Máximo Gomez, Antonio Maceo, General Calixto García, and the Monument to the Victims of the USS Maine.
At the intersection of 23rd Street, the Malecón marks the northeast end of the La Rampa section of 23rd Street, Vedado.
In the Plaza de la Dignidad is a statue of José Martí and in front of the Embassy of the United States, the José Martí Anti-Imperialist Platform.
Significant buildings include the Castillo de la Real Fuerza, the Castillo de San Salvador de la Punta, Malecón 17 (Las Cariátides) and the Hotel Nacional.
There were several buildings, monuments, and geographical features that were a part of Barrio de San Lázaro including the Torreón de San Lázaro, La Casa de Beneficencia, Hospital de San Lázaro, exthe Espada Cemetery, the Casa de Dementes de San Dionisio, the Quarry of San Lázaro, the Batería de la Reina, the Santa Clara Battery, and Hill of Taganana, among others.
In popular culture[]
The Malecón has served as an inspiration for several cocktail names, including the "Malecón cocktail" by John Escalante that can be traced back to his 1915 Cuban cocktail guide, Manual Del Cantinero.[citation needed]
Gallery[]
Residences along the Malecón
Hotel Nacional de Cuba overlooking the Malecón
Jumping off the Malecón with the Morro Castle in the background
Malecon, Havana
See also[]
- Havana Plan Piloto
- Barrio de San Lázaro, Havana
- La Casa de Beneficencia y Maternidad de La Habana
- Cuban Grand Prix
- Hospital de San Lázaro, Havana
- Monument to the Victims of the USS Maine (Havana)
References[]
- ^ Ordonez, Franco (April 19, 2012). "For an American, Havana is filled with contradictions". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
- ^ Sanchez, Cecilia (April 21, 2012). "A generational divide widens in Cuba". The Seattle Times. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "HISTORIA DEL MALECON HABANERO", Tania Díaz Castro, 26 March 2010, Primavera Digital[citation needed] Archived 13 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
External links[]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to El Malecón. |
- "Malecón habanero", EcuRed (Cuban state wiki, in Spanish)
- Streets in Havana
- Buildings and structures in Havana
- Waterfronts
- Tourist attractions in Havana