Momordica dioica
| Momordica dioica | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Cucurbitales |
| Family: | Cucurbitaceae |
| Genus: | Momordica |
| Species: | M. dioica
|
| Binomial name | |
| Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.
| |
Momordica dioica, commonly known as spiny gourd or spine gourd and also known as bristly balsam pear, prickly carolaho, teasle gourd or kantola, is a species of flowering plant in the Cucurbitaceae/gourd family. It is used as a vegetable in all regions of India and some parts in South Asia. It has commercial importance and is exported and used locally. The fruits are cooked with spices, or fried and sometimes eaten with meat or fish. It is propagated by underground tubers. It has small leaves, small yellow flowers, it has small, dark green, round or oval fruits. It is dioecious, which means that it has distinct male and female individual organisms, hence its name.[1]
Vernacular names[]
In Sanskrit it is called as karkotaki (कर्कोटकी) or karkoti (कर्कोटी). In Hindi it is called kakoda (ककोड़ा) or paroda (परोड़ा). In Bihar and Uttar Pradesh is also called chataila (चटैल). In Rajasthan it is also called van/ban karela (बन करेला), literally "forest bitter gourd". In Tamil it is called மெழுகுபாகல் mezhuku-pakal or பழுபாகல் pazhu-pakal. In Oriya it is called Kankada (କାଙ୍କଡ଼). In Assamese it is called bhat-kerela (ভাত কেৰেলা), in Manipuri it is called Karot and in Bengali kakrol (কাঁকরোল) or ghi korola (ঘি করলা). In Telugu it is called boda kakara and on the east coast of Andhra it is called ā-kākara-kāya or angā-kara-kāya. In Gujarati it is called Kantola (કંટોળા) or Kankoda (કંકોળા) and is cooked the same way bitter gourd is cooked. In Sri Lanka, it is known as Thumba or Thumba Karavila (තුඹ කරවිල) in Sinhalese.[2] In Marathi it is called Kantole and in Mizo as maitamtawk. In Kannada it is called mada haagala kaayi (ಮಾಡ ಹಾಗಲಕಾಯಿ ). In Chhattisgarhi, Jharkhand, Bihar it is called Kheksi. In Myanmar, it is called ဟင်းခပေါင်း. In Konkani, it is called Phagil. In Meghalaya (in the Garo tribe), it is called Gambilori. In Nepali (or Nepalese), it is called chatela.
Nutrition[]
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Momordica dioica as the average nutritional value per 100 g edible fruit was found to contain 84.1 g moisture, 7.7 g carbohydrate, 3.1 g protein, 3.1 g fat, 3.0 g fiber and 1.1 g minerals. It also contained small quantities of carotene and vitamins like ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin. It also contains protein in the leaves, and dry weight of aerial plant parts remained higher in male as compared to female defruited and monoecious plants. From Momordica dioica fruit isolated 6-methyl tritriacont-50on-28-of and 8- methyl hentracont-3-ene along with the known sterol pleuchiol. Momodicaursenol, an unknown pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the seeds, had been identified as urs-12, 18(19)-dien-3 beta-ol on. Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of traces of alkaloids and ascorbic acid in fruits. Lectins, β-sitosterol, saponins, glycosides, triterpenes of ursolic acid, hederagenin, oleanolic acid, aspiranosterol, stearic acid, gypsogenin, two novel aliphatic constituents. From the dry root of Momordica dioica isolated three triterpenes and two steroidal compounds. These were alphaspinasterol octadecanonate(I), alphaspinasterol-3-O-beta-Dglucopyranoside(II), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl gypsogenin(III), 3-Obeta-D-glucopyranosyl gypsogenin(IV) and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin(V). Constituent III was a new compound.[3]
Uses[]
Momordica dioica is used as a vegetable in all regions of India and some parts in South Asia. It has commercial importance and is exported and used locally. The fruits are cooked with spices, or fried and sometimes eaten with meat or fish.
References[]
- ^ T. R. Gopalakrishnan, Vegetable Crops, p. 136, at Google Books
- ^ http://www.boblme.org/documentRepository/BOBLME-2011-Socioec-03.pdf
- ^ "Review of Momordica Dioica" (PDF). shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in.
External links[]
- Momordica
- Dioecious plants