Pakatan Harapan

Alliance of Hope Pakatan Harapan
Malay name	Pakatan Harapan ڤاكتن هارڤن
Chinese name	希望聯盟 希望联盟 Xīwàng liánméng
Tamil name	நம்பிக்கை கூட்டணி
Abbreviation	PH
Chairman	Anwar Ibrahim
President	Wan Azizah Wan Ismail
Deputy Presidents	Lim Guan Eng Mohamad Sabu
Vice-Presidents	Chong Chieng Jen Salahuddin Ayub M. Kulasegaran Christina Liew[1]
Founded	22 September 2015 (2015-09-22)
Legalised	16 May 2018 (2018-05-16)[2]
Preceded by	Pakatan Rakyat
Headquarters	A-1-09 Merchant Square Jalan Tropicana Selatan 1 47410 Petaling Jaya (PH Secretariat and PKR) Kuala Lumpur (DAP and AMANAH) Penampang (UPKO)
Newspaper	The Rocket Roketkini Suara Keadilan Suara Amanah Keadilan Daily Suara Pakatan Daily Nabalu News
Student wing	Mahasiswa Pakatan Harapan
Youth wing	Pemuda Pakatan Harapan[3][4]
Women's wing	Wanita Pakatan Harapan[5]
Ideology	Majority: Social democracy Social liberalism Reformism Social justice Multiracialism Factions: Islamic democracy Islamic modernism Left-wing nationalism Secularism Regionalism
Political position	Centre-left
Colours	Red and   white
Slogan	Malaysia Baharu (For a New Malaysia)
Dewan Negara	4 / 70
Dewan Rakyat	104 / 222
Dewan Undangan Negeri	185 / 607
Chief minister of states	3 / 13
Election symbol
Website
pakatanharapan.com.my
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The Alliance of Hope (Malay: Pakatan Harapan; abbrev: PH) is a Malaysian political coalition which succeeded the Pakatan Rakyat coalition in 2015. At the federal level, it was the ruling coalition for 22 months from May 2018 when it won the 2018 Malaysian general election to February 2020 when Mahathir Mohamad, the Prime Minister in its administration resigned. It was established in September 2015 as an opposition political coalition against the then-ruling Barisan Nasional coalition that ruled the nation from its independence in August 1957 (BN's direct predecessor was known as the ALLIANCE coalition) to its defeat in the 2018 Malaysian general election in May 2018 for almost 61 years. It is currently the largest political coalition with 90 seats in the Dewan Rakyat.^[6] While at the state level, it is the ruling coalition in three of the 13 states in the nation, which are Penang, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. It also garners a two-thirds majority in the state legislative assemblies of Penang and Selangor.

The coalition consists of the Democratic Action Party, United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation, People's Justice Party and National Trust Party. Its main allied political parties are the Sabah Heritage Party, Homeland Fighters' Party, Malaysian United Democratic Alliance and Sarawak United Party. The Malaysian United Indigenous Party was a former member party, but it left the coalition in February 2020, triggering the 2020 Malaysian political crisis.^[7] The coalition was formed as an alliance of centre-left to centre-right parties to contest the 2018 Malaysian general election. The coalition contested the election under the logo of a component party, the PKR, due to its inability to register as an official political coalition.

After the 2018 Malaysian general election, its Chairman, 4th and former Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad was reappointed to the office as the 7th Prime Minister of Malaysia while its president, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, was appointed the 12th Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia.

On 24 February 2020, Mahathir resigned as Prime Minister. Malaysian United Indigenous Party and 11 MPs from PKR subsequently withdrew from Pakatan Harapan, depriving the coalition of its majority in Parliament.^[8][9][10]

History[]

Formation[]

Pakatan Harapan is a direct successor to the three-party Pakatan Rakyat coalition that consisted of the People's Justice Party, the Democratic Action Party and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party. Pakatan Harapan was founded on 22 September 2015, two years after the 2013 general election, due to disagreements and conflicts between PAS and DAP mainly regarding the issue of the implementation of the sharia law, resulting in PAS splitting off from Pakatan Rakyat and the break-up of the coalition on 16 June 2015.^[11][12] The dissolution resulted in the formation of a new coalition named Pakatan Harapan, consisting the former Pakatan Rakyat parties, PKR and DAP, and a PAS split-off party, the National Trust Party.^[13][14]

On 12 November 2016, a United Malays National Organisation split-off party, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, founded and led by former Malaysian Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad, confirmed that the party was committed to joining the opposition bloc Pakatan Harapan.^[15][16] Later, on 13 December, the party formed an electoral pact with Pakatan Harapan,^[17] and finally on 14 March 2017, BERSATU officially joined Pakatan Harapan as a member party.^[18]

2018 general election[]

On 14 July 2017, the Presidential council line-up was confirmed. A common logo was also introduced with the word “Harapan” with the “A” shaped as a chevron in white on a red background. The logo was initially planned to be used by all participating candidates for the 2018 general election, but the use of the logo and registration of the coalition was denied by the Election Commission.^[19] To pursue the coalition's plan to contest under a common logo, Pakatan announced that the PKR logo will be used by all component parties of the coalition as its election symbol in the elections,^[20] excluding for DAP who chose to contest under their own party flag in Sabah and Sarawak.^[21][22][23]

The coalition secured an electoral pact with the Sabah-based Sabah Heritage Party for the 2018 general election. WARISAN's president, Shafie Apdal, promised that the party would be represented on the federal cabinet if the coalition came to power,^[24] adding that through the electoral pact they will only co-operate with Pakatan as an ally, and not joining the pact as a component party since they will only contest in Sabah, not in Peninsular Malaysia.^[25] In that election, Pakatan Harapan swept the election and formed the government in a surprise upset overturning the former ruling party UMNO's decades of uninterrupted rule, as the Malay vote was dissatisfied and mainly went to Amanah and popular former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's party Bersatu, while the Chinese vote was solidly behind parties like DAP and PKR. Following the surprise victory of Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN in the general election, the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation announced that they have left Barisan Nasional and will form a new Sabah state government with WARISAN and Pakatan Harapan.^[26] UPKO and WARISAN are currently both the allies for Pakatan Harapan since both parties are also allied towards each other's in Sabah.^[27]

At the state level, due to 2018 general election results the coalition formed the government in the states of Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Johor and Sabah.^{[note 1]} Pakatan Harapan also forms a government with a two-thirds majority in the states of Penang, Selangor and Johor.

Post-election[]

On 16 May 2018, the coalition was officially registered.^[28]

On 24 February 2020, Mahathir resigned as the Prime Minister. BERSATU which had 26 MPs, withdrew from the ruling Pakatan Harapan coalition. In addition, 11 MPs from PKR resigned from the party to form an independent bloc. This leaves Pakatan Harapan 37 seats short of the 112 seats needed to form a government. The surprise announcement came amid speculation that Mahathir was attempting to form a new ruling coalition that would exclude his designated successor Anwar Ibrahim.^[8][9][10] However, Anwar later clarified to reporters that Mahathir did not orchestrate the act. These events also resulted in the number of Pakatan Harapan coalition member parties returned to the original three.^[29]

At the state level, Pakatan Harapan lost control of Johor, Malacca, Perak and Kedah. A few PKR, DAP and AMANAH representatives in the state legislative assemblies quit their party and expressed support for the new government Perikatan Nasional in those four states.^{[30][31][32][33]}

Member parties, allied parties and strategic partners[]

Flag	Name			Ideology	Position	Leader(s)	Seats contested	2018 result		Current seats
								Votes (%)	Seats	Composition
Member parties
		DAP	Democratic Action Party Parti Tindakan Demokratik	Social democracy	Center-left	Lim Guan Eng	47	17.37%	42 / 222	42 / 104
		PKR	People's Justice Party Parti Keadilan Rakyat	Social justice	Center-left	Anwar Ibrahim	71	16.94%	47 / 222	36 / 104
		AMANAH	National Trust Party Parti Amanah Negara	Islamic modernism	Center-left	Mohamad Sabu	34	5.43%	11 / 222	11 / 104
		UPKO	United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu	Sabah regionalism	Center	Wilfred Madius Tangau	4 (under BN)	0.47%	1 / 222	1 / 104
Allied parties (PH Plus)
		WARISAN	Heritage Party Parti Warisan	Multiculturalism	Center	Shafie Apdal	17	2.32%	8 / 222	7 / 104
		PEJUANG	Homeland Fighters' Party Parti Pejuang Tanah Air[34][35]	Malay nationalism	Center to Center-right	Mahathir Mohamad	N/A	N/A	0 / 222	4 / 104
		PSB	United Sarawak Party Parti Sarawak Bersatu	Sarawakian Regionalism	Center	Wong Soon Koh	N/A	N/A	1 / 222	2 / 104
		MUDA	Malaysian United Democratic Alliance Ikatan Demokratik Malaysia[36][37]	Youth politics	Center to Center-left	Syed Saddiq	N/A	N/A	0 / 222	1 / 104
		KEMAJUAN	Malaysian Advancement Party Parti Kemajuan Malaysia	Egalitarianism	Center	Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy	N/A	N/A	0 / 222	0 / 104
Strategic partners
		PSM	Socialist Party of Malaysia Parti Sosialist Malaysia	Socialism	Left-wing	Michael Jeyakumar Devaraj	4	0.03%	0 / 222	0 / 104
		SAINS	Parti Aspirasi Sains Malaysia	Scientific politics	Big tent	Kenneth Chai	N/A	N/A	0 / 222	0 / 104
		MIRA	Minority Rights Action Party Parti Tindakan Hak Minoriti	Liberal democracy	Center	S. Gobi Krishnan	N/A	N/A	0 / 222	0 / 104
		HINDRAF	Hindu Rights Action Force Barisan Bertindak Hak-Hak Hindu	Indian interests	Right-wing	Uthayakumar Ponnusamy Vasantha Kumar Krishnan Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy Manoharan Malayaram Ganabatirau Veraman	N/A	N/A	0 / 222	0 / 104

List of leaders[]

Chairman

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office		Time in office	Political party
1	Mahathir Mohamad (b. 1925)		14 July 2017	24 February 2020	2 years, 226 days	BERSATU
2	Anwar Ibrahim (b. 1947)		14 May 2020	Incumbent	1 year, 198 days	PKR

President

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office		Time in office	Political party
1	Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (b. 1952)		14 July 2017	Incumbent	4 years. 137 days	PKR

Women Chief

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office		Time in office	Political party
1	Zuraida Kamaruddin (b. 1958)		14 July 2017	24 February 2020	2 years, 226 days	PKR
2	Chong Eng (b. 1957)		18 March 2021	12 September 2021	179 days	DAP
3	Raj Muni Sabu @ Aiman Athirah (b. unknown)		12 September 2021	Incumbent	78 days	AMANAH

Youth Chief

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office		Time in office	Political party
1	Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad (b. 1982)		2017	2018	1 year	PKR
2	Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman (b. 1992)		2018	24 February 2020	2 years	BERSATU
3	Shazni Munir Mohd Ithnin (1987-2021)		4 March 2021	6 August 2021	156 days	AMANAH
4	Howard Lee Chuan How (b. 1983)		12 September 2021	Incumbent	78 days	DAP

Leadership structure[]

Elected representatives[]

Dewan Negara (Senate)[]

Senators[]

Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)[]

Members of Parliament of the 14th Malaysian Parliament[]

Pakatan Harapan has 105 members in the House of Representatives (with allied parties).

State	No.	Parliament Constituency	Member	Party
Perlis	P002	Kangar	Noor Amin Ahmad		PKR
Kedah	P004	Langkawi	Mahathir Mohamad		PEJUANG
	P005	Jerlun	Mukhriz Mahathir		PEJUANG
	P006	Kubang Pasu	Amiruddin Hamzah		PEJUANG
	P008	Pokok Sena	Mahfuz Omar		AMANAH
	P009	Alor Setar	Chan Ming Kai		PKR
	P010	Kuala Kedah	Azman Ismail		PKR
	P014	Merbok	Nor Azrina Surip		PKR
	P015	Sungai Petani	Johari Abdul		PKR
	P017	Padang Serai	Karuppaiya Muthusamy		PKR
	P018	Kulim-Bandar Baharu	Saifuddin Nasution Ismail		PKR
Penang	P043	Bagan	Lim Guan Eng		DAP
	P044	Permatang Pauh	Nurul Izzah Anwar		PKR
	P045	Bukit Mertajam	Steven Sim Chee Keong		DAP
	P046	Batu Kawan	Kasthuriraani Patto		DAP
	P048	Bukit Bendera	Wong Hon Wai		DAP
	P049	Tanjong	Chow Kon Yeow		DAP
	P050	Jelutong	Sanisvara Nethaji Rayer Rajaji Rayer		DAP
	P051	Bukit Gelugor	Ramkarpal Singh		DAP
	P052	Bayan Baru	Sim Tze Tzin		PKR
	P053	Balik Pulau	Muhammad Bakhtiar Wan Chik		PKR
Perak	P057	Parit Buntar	Mujahid Yusof Rawa		AMANAH
	P060	Taiping	Teh Kok Lim		DAP
	P062	Sungai Siput	Kesavan Subramaniam		PKR
	P064	Ipoh Timor	Wong Kah Woh		DAP
	P065	Ipoh Barat	Kulasegaran Murugeson		DAP
	P066	Batu Gajah	Sivakumar Varatharaju Naidu		DAP
	P068	Beruas	James Ngeh Koo Ham		DAP
	P070	Kampar	Thomas Su Keong Siong		DAP
	P071	Gopeng	Lee Boon Chye		PKR
	P074	Lumut	Mohd Hatta Ramli		AMANAH
	P076	Teluk Intan	David Nga Kor Ming		DAP
	P077	Tanjong Malim	Chang Lih Kang		PKR
Pahang	P080	Raub	Tengku Zulpuri Shah Raja Puji		DAP
	P083	Kuantan	Fuziah Salleh		PKR
	P088	Temerloh	Anuar Tahir		AMANAH
	P089	Bentong	Wong Tack		DAP
Selangor	P094	Hulu Selangor	June Leow Hsiad Hui		PKR
	P096	Kuala Selangor	Dzulkefly Ahmad		AMANAH
	P097	Selayang	William Leong Jee Keen		PKR
	P100	Pandan	Wan Azizah Wan Ismail		PKR
	P101	Hulu Langat	Hasanuddin Mohd. Yunus		AMANAH
	P102	Bangi	Ong Kian Ming		DAP
	P103	Puchong	Gobind Singh Deo		DAP
	P104	Subang	Wong Chen		PKR
	P105	Petaling Jaya	Maria Chin Abdullah		PKR
	P106	Damansara	Tony Pua Kiam Wee		DAP
	P107	Sungai Buloh	Sivarasa Rasiah		PKR
	P108	Shah Alam	Khalid Samad		AMANAH
	P109	Kapar	Abdullah Sani Abdul Hamid		PKR
	P110	Klang	Charles Anthony Santiago		DAP
	P111	Kota Raja	Mohamad Sabu		AMANAH
	P113	Sepang	Mohamed Hanipa Maidin		AMANAH
Kuala Lumpur	P114	Kepong	Lim Lip Eng		DAP
	P115	Batu	Prabakaran M. Parameswaran		PKR
	P116	Wangsa Maju	Tan Yee Kew		PKR
	P117	Segambut	Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan		DAP
	P118	Setiawangsa	Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad		PKR
	P120	Bukit Bintang	Fong Kui Lun		DAP
	P121	Lembah Pantai	Fahmi Fadzil		PKR
	P122	Seputeh	Teresa Kok Suh Sim		DAP
	P123	Cheras	Tan Kok Wai		DAP
Negeri Sembilan	P128	Seremban	Anthony Loke Siew Fook		DAP
	P130	Rasah	Cha Kee Chin		DAP
	P132	Port Dickson	Anwar Ibrahim		PKR
	P133	Tampin	Hasan Baharom		AMANAH
Malacca	P136	Tangga Batu	Rusnah Aluai		PKR
	P137	Hang Tuah Jaya	Shamsul Iskandar Md. Akin		PKR
	P138	Kota Melaka	Khoo Poay Tiong		DAP
Johor	P141	Sekijang	Natrah Ismail		PKR
	P142	Labis	Pang Hok Liong		DAP
	P144	Ledang	Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh		PKR
	P145	Bakri	Yeo Bee Yin		DAP
	P146	Muar	Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman		MUDA
	P149	Sri Gading	Shahruddin Md Salleh		PEJUANG
	P151	Simpang Renggam	Maszlee Malik		PKR
	P152	Kluang	Wong Shu Qi		DAP
	P159	Pasir Gudang	Hassan Abdul Karim		PKR
	P160	Johor Bahru	Akmal Nasrullah Mohd Nasir		PKR
	P161	Pulai	Salahuddin Ayub		AMANAH
	P162	Iskandar Puteri	Lim Kit Siang		DAP
	P163	Kulai	Teo Nie Ching		DAP
Labuan	P166	Labuan	Rozman Isli		WARISAN
Sabah	P169	Kota Belud	Isnaraissah Munirah Majilis @ Fakharuddy		WARISAN
	P170	Tuaran	Wilfred Madius Tangau		UPKO
	P171	Sepanggar	Mohd. Azis Jamman		WARISAN
	P172	Kota Kinabalu	Chan Foong Hin		DAP
	P173	Putatan	Awang Husaini Sahari		PKR
	P174	Penampang	Darell Leiking		WARISAN
	P175	Papar	Ahmad Hassan		WARISAN
	P181	Tenom	Noorita Sual		DAP
	P186	Sandakan	Vivian Wong Shir Yee		DAP
	P189	Semporna	Mohd. Shafie Mohd. Apdal		WARISAN
	P190	Tawau	Christina Liew Chin Jin		PKR
	P191	Kalabakan	Ma'mun Sulaiman		WARISAN
Sarawak	P192	Mas Gading	Mordi Bimol		DAP
	P195	Bandar Kuching	Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen		DAP
	P196	Stampin	Chong Chieng Jen		DAP
	P202	Sri Aman	Masir Kujat		PSB
	P208	Sarikei	Wong Ling Biu		DAP
	P211	Lanang	Alice Lau Kiong Yieng		DAP
	P212	Sibu	Oscar Ling Chai Yew		DAP
	P214	Selangau	Baru Bian		PSB
	P219	Miri	Michael Teo Yu Keng		PKR
Total	Perlis (1), Kedah (10), Penang (10), Perak (12), Pahang (4), Selangor (16), F.T. Kuala Lumpur (9), Negeri Sembilan (4), Malacca (3), Johor (13), F.T. Labuan (1), Sabah (12), Sarawak (9)

Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)[]

State	No.	Parliamentary constituency	No.	State Constituency	Member	Party
Perlis	P02	Kangar	N7	Sena	Asrul Nizan Abd Jalil		PKR
			N8	Indera Kayangan	Gan Ay Ling		PKR
			N9	Kuala Perlis	Nor Azam Karap		PKR
Kedah	P05	Jerlun	N3	Kota Siputeh	Salmee Said		AMANAH
	P06	Kubang Pasu	N6	Jitra	Mukhriz Mahathir		PEJUANG
	P08	Pokok Sena	N11	Derga	Tan Kok Yew		DAP
	P09	Alor Setar	N12	Suka Menanti	Zamri Yusuf		PKR
			N13	Kota Darul Aman	Teh Swee Leong		DAP
			N14	Alor Mengkudu	Phahrolrazi Zawawi		AMANAH
	P10	Kuala Kedah	N15	Anak Bukit	Amiruddin Hamzah		PEJUANG
			N16	Kubang Rotan	Mohd. Asmirul Anuar Rais		AMANAH
			N17	Pengkalan Kundor	Ismail Salleh		AMANAH
	P12	Jerai	N22	Gurun	Johari Abdul		PKR
	P14	Merbok	N25	Bukit Selambau	Summugam Rengasamy		PKR
	P15	Sungai Petani	N28	Bakar Arang	Ooi Tze Min		PKR
	P18	Kulim-Bandar Baharu	N35	Kulim	Yeo Keng Chuan		PKR
Penang	P41	Kepala Batas	N3	Pinang Tunggal	Ahmad Zakiyuddin Abdul Rahman		PKR
	P42	Tasek Gelugor	N6	Telok Ayer Tawar	Mustapha Kamal Ahmad		PKR
	P43	Bagan	N7	Sungai Puyu	Phee Boon Poh		DAP
			N8	Bagan Jermal	Soon Lip Chee		DAP
			N9	Bagan Dalam	Satees Muniandy		DAP
	P44	Permatang Pauh	N11	Permatang Pasir	Muhammad Faiz Mohamed Fadzil		AMANAH
			N12	Penanti	Norlela Ariffin		PKR
	P45	Bukit Mertajam	N13	Berapit	Heng Lee Lee		DAP
			N14	Machang Bubok	Lee Khai Loon		PKR
			N15	Padang Lalang	Chong Eng		DAP
	P46	Batu Kawan	N16	Perai	Ramasamy Palanisamy		DAP
			N17	Bukit Tengah	Gooi Hsiao Leung		PKR
			N18	Bukit Tambun	Goh Choon Aik		PKR
	P47	Nibong Tebal	N19	Jawi	H’ng Mooi Lye		DAP
			N20	Sungai Bakap	Amar Pritpal Abdullah		PKR
	P48	Bukit Bendera	N22	Tanjong Bunga	Zairil Khir Johari		DAP
			N23	Air Putih	Lim Guan Eng		DAP
			N24	Kebun Bunga	Ong Khan Lee		PKR
			N25	Pulau Tikus	Chris Lee Chun Kit		DAP
	P49	Tanjong	N26	Padang Kota	Chow Kon Yeow		DAP
			N27	Pengkalan Kota	Gooi Zi Sen		DAP
			N28	Komtar	Teh Lai Heng		DAP
	P50	Jelutong	N29	Datok Keramat	Jagdeep Singh Deo		DAP
			N30	Sungai Pinang	Lim Siew Khim		DAP
			N31	Batu Lancang	Ong Ah Teong		DAP
	P51	Bukit Gelugor	N32	Seri Delima	Syerleena Abdul Rashid		DAP
			N33	Air Itam	Joseph Ng Soon Seong		DAP
			N34	Paya Terubong	Yeoh Soon Hin		DAP
	P52	Bayan Baru	N35	Batu Uban	Kumaresan Aramugam		PKR
			N36	Pantai Jerejak	Saifuddin Nasution Ismail		PKR
			N37	Batu Maung	Abdul Halim Hussain		PKR
	P53	Balik Pulau	N38	Bayan Lepas	Azrul Mahathir Aziz		AMANAH
			N39	Pulau Betong	Mohd.Tuah Ismail		PKR
Perak	P60	Taiping	N16	Kamunting	Mund. Fadhil Nuruddin		AMANAH
			N17	Pokok Assam	Leow Thye Yih		DAP
			N18	Aulong	Nga Kor Ming		DAP
	P62	Sungai Siput	N22	Jalong	Loh Sze Yee		DAP
	P63	Tambun	N23	Manjoi	Asmuni Awi		AMANAH
			N24	Hulu Kinta	Muhamad Arafat Varisai Mahamad		PKR
	P64	Ipoh Timur	N25	Canning	Jenny Choy Tsi Jen		DAP
			N26	Tebing Tinggi	Abdul Aziz Bari		DAP
			N27	Pasir Pinji	Howard Lee		DAP
	P65	Ipoh Barat	N28	Bercham	Ong Boon Piow		DAP
			N29	Kepayang	Ko Chung Sen		DAP
	P66	Batu Gajah	N31	Jelapang	Cheah Poh Hian		DAP
			N32	Menglembu	Chaw Kam Foon		DAP
	P68	Bruas	N37	Pantai Remis	Wong May Ing		DAP
			N38	Astaka	Teoh Yee Chern		DAP
	P70	Kampar	N42	Keranji	Chong Zhemin		DAP
	P71	Gopeng	N44	Sungai Rapat	Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin		AMANAH
			N45	Simpang Pulai	Tan Kar Hing		PKR
			N46	Teja	Ng Shy Ching		PKR
	P74	Lumut	N51	Pasir Panjang	Yahaya Mat Nor		AMANAH
	P76	Teluk Intan	N55	Pasir Bedamar	Terence Naidu Rajan Naidu @ Rajanaidu		DAP
	P77	Tanjong Malim	N57	Sungkai	Sivanesan Achalingam		DAP
			N59	Behrang	Aminuddin Zulkipli		AMANAH
Pahang	P78	Cameron Highlands	N1	Tanah Rata	Chiong Yoke Kong		DAP
	P80	Raub	N7	Tras	Chow Yu Hui		DAP
	P82	Indera Mahkota	N13	Semambu	Lee Chean Chung		PKR
	P83	Kuantan	N14	Teruntum	Sim Chon Siang		PKR
	P88	Temerloh	N30	Mentakab	Woo Chee Wan		DAP
	P89	Bentong	N33	Bilut	Lee Chin Chen		DAP
			N34	Ketari	Young Syefura Othman		DAP
			N35	Sabai	Kamache Doray Rajoo		DAP
	P90	Bera	N38	Triang	Leong Yu Man		DAP
Selangor	P92	Sabak Bernam	N2	Sabak	Ahmad Mustain Othman		PKR
	P93	Sungai Besar	N4	Sekinchan	Ng Suee Lim		DAP
	P94	Ulu Selangor	N6	Kuala Kubu Baharu	Lee Kee Hiong		DAP
			N7	Batang Kali	Harumaini Omar		PEJUANG
	P95	Tanjong Karang	N9	Permatang	Rozana Zainal Abidin		PKR
	P96	Kuala Selangor	N10	Bukit Melawati	Juwairiya Zulkifli		PKR
			N11	Ijok	Idris Ahmad		PKR
			N12	Jeram	Mohd Shaid Rosli		PEJUANG
	P97	Selayang	N13	Kuang	Sallehudin Amiruddin		PEJUANG
			N14	Rawang	Chua Wei Kiat		PKR
			N15	Taman Templer	Mohd Sany Hamzan		AMANAH
	P98	Gombak	N16	Sungai Tua	Amirudin Shari		PKR
			N18	Hulu Kelang	Saari Sungib		AMANAH
	P100	Pandan	N21	Pandan Indah	Izham Hashim		AMANAH
			N22	Teratai	Lai Wai Chong		IND
	P101	Ulu Langat	N23	Dusun Tua	Edry Faizal Eddy Yusof		DAP
	P102	Bangi	N25	Kajang	Hee Loy Sian		PKR
			N26	Sungai Ramal	Mazwan Johar		AMANAH
			N27	Balakong	Wong Siew Ki		DAP
	P103	Puchong	N28	Seri Kembangan	Ean Yong Hiah Wah		DAP
			N29	Seri Serdang	Siti Mariah Mahmud		AMANAH
	P104	Subang	N30	Kinrara	Ng Sze Han		DAP
			N31	Subang Jaya	Michelle Ng Mei Sze		DAP
	P105	Petaling Jaya	N32	Seri Setia	Halimey Abu Bakar		PKR
			N33	Taman Medan	Syamsul Firdaus Mohamed Supri		PKR
			N34	Bukit Gasing	Rajiv Rishyakaran		DAP
	P106	Damansara	N35	Kampung Tunku	Lim Yi Wei		DAP
			N36	Bandar Utama	Jamaliah Jamaluddin		DAP
			N37	Bukit Lanjan	Elizabeth Wong		PKR
	P107	Sungai Buloh	N38	Paya Jaras	Mohd.Khairuddin Othman		PKR
			N39	Kota Damansara	Shatiri Mansor		PKR
	P108	Shah Alam	N40	Kota Anggerik	Najwan Halimi		PKR
			N41	Batu Tiga	Rodziah Ismail		PKR
	P109	Kapar	N42	Meru	Mohd. Fakhrulrazi Mohd. Mokhtar		PKR
	P110	Klang	N45	Bandar Baru Klang	Teng Chang Khim		DAP
			N46	Pelabuhan Klang	Azmizam Zaman Huri		PKR
			N47	Pandamaran	Leong Tuck Chee		DAP
	P111	Kota Raja	N48	Sentosa	Gunaraj George		PKR
			N49	Sungai Kandis	Mohd.Zawawi Ahmad Mughni		PKR
			N50	Kota Kemuning	Ganabatirau Veraman		DAP
	P112	Kuala Langat	N52	Banting	Lau Weng San		DAP
			N53	Morib	Hasnul Baharuddin		AMANAH
	P113	Sepang	N54	Tanjong Sepat	Borhan Aman Shah		PKR
			N56	Sungai Pelek	Ronnie Liu Tian Khiew		DAP
Negeri Sembilan	P126	Jelebu	N1	Chennah	Anthony Loke Siew Fook		DAP
			N4	Kelawang	Bakri Sawir		AMANAH
	P127	Jempol	N8	Bahau	Teo Kok Seong		DAP
	P128	Seremban	N9	Lenggeng	Suhaimi Kassim		AMANAH
			N10	Nilai	Arul Kumar Jambunathan		DAP
			N11	Lobak	Chew She Yong		DAP
			N12	Temiang	Ng Chin Tsai		DAP
			N13	Sikamat	Aminuddin Harun		PKR
			N14	Ampangan	Mohamad Rafie Ab. Malik		PKR
	P129	Kuala Pilah	N18	Pilah	Mohamad Nazaruddin Sabtu		PKR
	P130	Rasah	N20	Labu	Ismail Ahmad		PKR
			N21	Bukit Kepayang	Nichole Tan Lee Koon		DAP
			N22	Rahang	Mary Josephine Pritam Singh		DAP
			N23	Mambau	Yap Yew Weng		DAP
			N24	Seremban Jaya	Gunasekaren Palasamy		DAP
	P131	Rembau	N25	Paroi	Mohd Taufek Abd Ghani		AMANAH
	P132	Port Dickson	N29	Chuah	Yek Diew Ching		PKR
			N30	Lukut	Choo Ken Hwa		DAP
			N33	Sri Tanjong	Ravi Munasamy		PKR
	P133	Tampin	N36	Repah	Veerapan Superamaniam		DAP
Malacca	P137	Hang Tuah Jaya	N16	Ayer Keroh	Kerk Chee Yee		DAP
			N17	Bukit Katil	Adly Zahari		AMANAH
	P138	Kota Melaka	N19	Kesidang	Seah Shoo Chin		DAP
			N20	Kota Laksamana	Low Chee Leong		DAP
			N22	Bandar Hilir	Leng Chau Yen		DAP
Johor	P140	Segamat	N2	Jementah	Tan Chen Choon		DAP
	P141	Sekijang	N4	Kemelah	Sulaiman Mohd Nor		AMANAH
	P142	Labis	N6	Bekok	Ramakrishnan Suppiah		DAP
	P144	Ledang	N10	Tangkak	Ee Chin Li		DAP
			N11	Serom	Faizul Amri Adnan		PKR
	P145	Bakri	N12	Bentayan	Ng Yak Howe		DAP
			N13	Simpang Jeram	Salahuddin Ayub		AMANAH
			N14	Bukit Naning	Md.Ysahrudin Kusni		PKR
	P146	Muar	N15	Maharani	Nor Hayati Bachok		AMANAH
	P147	Parit Sulong	N17	Semerah	Mohd. Khuzzan Abu Bakar		PKR
	P148	Ayer Hitam	N19	Yong Peng	Chew Peck Choo		DAP
	P149	Sri Gading	N21	Parit Yaani	Amunolhuda Hassan		AMANAH
	P150	Batu Pahat	N23	Penggaram	Gan Peck Cheng		DAP
			N24	Senggarang	Khairuddin A. Rahim		PKR
	P152	Kluang	N28	Mengkibol	Chew Chong Sin		DAP
			N29	Mahkota	Muhamad Said Jonit		PKR
	P153	Sembrong	N30	Paloh	Sheikh Umar Bagharib Ali		DAP
	P158	Tebrau	N40	Tiram	Gopalakrishnan Subramaniam		PKR
	P159	Pasir Gudang	N42	Johor Jaya	Liow Chai Tung		DAP
	P160	Johor Bahru	N45	Stulang	Chen Kah Eng		DAP
	P161	Pulai	N46	Perling	Cheo Yee How		DAP
	P162	Iskandar Puteri	N48	Skudai	Tan Hong Pin		DAP
			N49	Kota Iskandar	Dzulkefly Ahmad		AMANAH
	P163	Kulai	N51	Bukit Batu	Jimmy Pua Wee Tse		PKR
			N52	Senai	Tee Boon Tsong		DAP
	P164	Pontian	N54	Pulai Sebatang	Muhammad Taqiuddin Che'man		AMANAH
	P165	Tanjung Piai	N55	Pekan Nanas	Yeo Tung Siong		DAP
Sabah	P167	Kudat	N1	Banggi	Mohamad Mohammarin		WARISAN
			N4	Tanjong Kapor	Ben Chong Chen Bin		WARISAN
	P169	Kota Belud	N11	Kadamaian	Ewon Benedick		UPKO
	P171	Sepanggar	N17	Karambunai	Azhar Matussin		WARISAN
			N18	Inanam	Peto Galim		PKR
	P172	Kota Kinabalu (Jesselton)	N19	Likas			DAP
			N20	Api-Api	Chtistiina Liew		PKR
			N21	Luyang	Phoong Jin Zhe		DAP
	P173	Putatan	N22		Junz Wong Hong Bin		WARISAN
			N23	Petagas	Awang Ahmad Sah		WARISAN
	P174	Penampang	N25	Kapayan	Jannie Lasimbang		DAP
			N26	Moyog	Darell Leiking		WARISAN
	P175	Papar	N27	Limbahau	Juil Nuatim		WARISAN
	P176	Kimanis	N30	Bongawan	Dr Daud Yusof		WARISAN
	P181	Tenom	N42	Melalap	Peter Anthony		WARISAN
	P184	Libaran	N50	Gum-Gum	Arunarsin Taib		WARISAN
	P185	Batu Sapi	N53	Sekong	Alias Haji Sani		WARISAN
			N54	Karamunting	Hiew Vun Zin		WARISAN
	P186	Sandakan	N55	Elopura	Calvin Chong Ket Kiun		DAP
			N56	Tanjong Papat	Frankie Poon		DAP
	P188	Lahad Datu	N60	Tungku	Assaffal Samsul Kamal		WARISAN
			N62	Silam	Dumi Masdal		WARISAN
			N63	Kunak	Norazlinah Arif		WARISAN
	P189	Semporna	N64	Sulabayan	Jaujan Sambakong		WARISAN
			N65	Senallang	Mohd Shafie Apdal		WARISAN
	P190	Tawau	N69	Sri Tanjong	Justin Wong Yung Bin		DAP
			N70	Kukusan	Rina Jainal		WARISAN
	P191	Kalabakan	N72	Merotai	Sarifudin Hata		WARISAN
Sarawak	P195	Bandar Kuching	N09	Padungan	Chong Chieng Jen		DAP
			N10	Pending	Violet Yong Wui Wui		DAP
			N11	Batu Lintang	See Chee How		PSB
	P203	Lubok Antu	N33	Engkilili	Johnical Rayong Ngipa		PSB
	P212	Sibu	N53	Bawang Assan	Wong Soon Koh		PSB
	P222	Lawas	N81	Ba'kelalan	Baru Bian		PSB
Total			Perlis (3), Kedah (13), Penang (33), Perak (23), Pahang (9), Selangor (44), Negeri Sembilan (20), Malacca (5), Johor (27), Sabah (29), Sarawak (6)

Pakatan Harapan state governments[]

State	Leader type	Member	Party		State Constituency
Negeri Sembilan	Menteri Besar	Aminuddin Harun		PKR	Sikamat
Penang	Chief Minister	Chow Kon Yeow		DAP	Padang Kota
Selangor	Menteri Besar	Amirudin Shari		PKR	Sungai Tua

State	Leader type	Member	Party		State Constituency
Penang	Deputy Chief Minister I	Ahmad Zakiyuddin Abdul Rahman		PKR	Pinang Tunggal
Penang	Deputy Chief Minister II	Ramasamy Palanisamy		DAP	Perai

State	Leader type	Member	Party		State Constituency
Johor	Speaker	Suhaizan Kayat		AMANAH	Non-MLA
Johor	Deputy Speaker	Gan Peck Cheng		DAP	Penggaram
Negeri Sembilan	Speaker	Zulkefly Mohamad Omar		AMANAH	Non-MLA
Negeri Sembilan	Deputy Speaker	Ravi Munusamy		PKR	Sri Tanjung
Penang	Speaker	Law Choo Kiang		PKR	Non-MLA
Penang	Deputy Speaker	Amar Pritpal Abdullah		PKR	Sungai Bakap
Selangor	Speaker	Ng Suee Lim		DAP	Sekinchan
Selangor	Deputy Speaker	Hasnul Baharuddin		AMANAH	Morib

Anwar Shadow Cabinet (2021–)[]

On 9 May 2021, the Pakatan Harapan secretariat has announced the members of nine committees to address issues of the day, given the Perikatan Nasional government's "inability to lead the country".

The committees are Education, Health, Economy, Security, Gender, Youth, Cost-of-Living, Legal, Mobilisation, Plantation and Food Industry, and Communication, Digital and Multimedia. With the Education and Health committee led by Simpang Renggam MP Maszlee Malik and Kuala Selangor MP Dzulkefly Ahmad, respectively.^[38][39]

1. Education Committee

• Dr Maszlee Malik (Chairman), Simpang Renggam MP
• Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad, Setiawangsa MP
• Teo Nie Ching, Kulai MP
• Datuk Dr Hasan Bahrom, Tampin MP
• Natrah Ismail, Sekijang MP
• Steven Sim Chee Keong, Bukit Mertajam MP
• Rusnah Aluai, Tangga Batu MP

2. Health Committee

• Datuk Seri Dr Dzulkefly Ahmad (Chairman), Kuala Selangor MP
• Dr Lee Boon Chye, Gopeng MP
• Dr Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen, Bandar Kuching MP
• Datuk Hatta Ramli, Lumut MP
• Sim Tze Tzin, Bayan Baru MP
• Dr Ong Kian Ming, Bangi MP
• Alice Lau Kiong Yieng, Lanang MP
• Dr Siti Mariah Mahmud, Seri Serdang MLA
• Dr Norlela Ariffin, Penanti MLA
• Veerapan Superamaniam, Repah MLA
• Niekmah Adam
• Zaliha Mustafa

3. Economy Committee

• Wong Chen, Subang MP
• Tony Pua, Damansara MP
• Datuk Seri Dr Dzulkefly Ahmad, Kuala Selangor MP
• Datin Paduka Tan Yee Kew, Wangsa Maju MP
• Noor Amin Ahmad, Kangar MP
• Ammar Atan
• Raja Iskandar Fareez
• Syeikh Khuzaifah
• E Hun Tan

4. Security Committee

• Mohamad Sabu, Kota Raja MP
• Datuk Johari Abdul, Sungai Petani MP and Gurun MLA
• Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh, Ledang MP
• Muhammad Faiz Fadzil, Permatang Pasir MLA
• Liew Chin Tong
• Syahredzan Johan

5. Gender Committee

• Fuziah Salleh, Kuantan MP
• Chong Eng, Padang Lalang MLA
• Raj Munni Sabu

6. Youth Committee

• Akmal Nasir, Johor Bahru MP
• Howard Lee Chuan How, Pasir Pinji MLA
• Hasbie Muda

7. Cost-of-Living Committee

• Hassan Abdul Karim, Pasir Gudang MP
• Datuk Hasanuddin Mohd Yunus, Hulu Langat MP
• Chong Chieng Jen, Stampin MP
• Natrah Ismail, Sekijang MP
• V Sivakumar, Batu Gajah MP
• Chan Foong Hin, Kota Kinabalu MP
• Cha Kee Chin, Rasah MP
• Norhayati Bachok, Maharani MLA
• Asmirul Anuar Aris, Kubang Rotan MLA

8. Legal Committee

• Mohamed Hanipa Maidin, Sepang MP
• William Leong, Selayang MP
• Ramkarpal Singh, Bukit Gelugor MP
• Sivarasa Rasiah, Sungai Buloh MP
• Muhammad Faiz Fadzil, Permatang Pasir MLA
• Fadhlina Sidek, Senator
• Zulqarnain Lukman

9. Mobilisation Committee

• Mohamad Sabu, Kota Raja MP
• Datuk Seri Shamsul Iskandar Md. Akin, Hang Tuah Jaya MP
• Steven Sim Chee Keong, Bukit Mertajam MP

10. Plantation and Food Industry Committee

• Datuk Seri Salahuddin Ayub, Pulai MP
• V Sivakumar, Batu Gajah MP
• S Kesavan, Sungai Siput MP
• Sim Tze Tzin, Bayan Baru MP

11. Communication, Digital and Multimedia Committee

• Ahmad Fahmi Fadzil, Lembah Pantai MP
• Khalid Samad, Shah Alam MP
• Hannah Yeoh, Segambut MP
• Wong Shu Qi, Kluang MP
• Chan Ming Kai, Alor Setar MP
• Loh Ker Chen
• Soraya Salim

12. Religion Committee

• Datuk Seri Mujahid Yusof Rawa, Parit Buntar MP
• Fuziah Salleh, Kuantan MP
• Tengku Zulpuri Shah Tengku Puji, Raub MP
• Raj Munni Sabu
• Norashidah Jaafar

General election results[]

Election	Total seats won	Seats contesed	Total votes	Voting Percentage	Outcome of election	Election leader
2018	121 / 222	222	5,615,822	45.56%	53 seats; Governing coalition, later Opposition coalition	Mahathir Mohamad

State election results[]

See also[]

• Politics of Malaysia
• List of political parties in Malaysia

Notes[]

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pakatan Harapan.

• Official website
• Alternative federal budgets (2016, 2017, 2018)
• 2019 Malaysian federal budget