Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front

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Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front
Fron Sosialis Rakyat Malaya
AbbreviationSF
FounderAhmad Boestamam
Founded31 August 1957
Legalised29 July 1958
Dissolved10 January 1966
Succeeded byAngkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU)
Gagasan Rakyat (GR)
HeadquartersKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
MembershipPartai Rakyat (PR)
Parti Buruh Malaya (PBM)
National Convention Party (NCP)
IdeologyDemocratic socialism
Left-wing nationalism
Political positionLeft-wing
ColoursRed
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The Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (Malay: Fron Sosialis Rakyat Malaya) or better known as Socialist Front (SF) was a left-wing coalition of Malaysian socialist parties. It is noted as the longest-standing opposition coalition in Malaysian general election history (11 years). The coalition was formed by Partai Rakyat (PR) and Parti Buruh Malaya (PBM) on Hari Merdeka.[1][2] In 1964, National Convention Party (NCP) joined the coalition.[3] PR left the coalition in 1965 and NCP soon become inactive. PBM, the only remaining party in SF, abandoned it on 10 January 1966 and reverted to its own banner. It took 21 years before another opposition coalition formed in Malaysia: Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) and Gagasan Rakyat (GR) in 1990.

History[]

The coalition was formed on Hari Merdeka by Partai Rakyat (PR), representing Malay leftists and Parti Buruh Malaya (PBM), representing mainly Chinese leftists. The first chairman was Ahmad Boestamam, the PR president.

In the 1959 General Elections, the Socialist Front (SF) managed to gain 8 seats in Selangor, Johor, and Penang constituencies. It won 34.6% of the popular vote cast in the constituencies.[4] SF as a whole successfully garnered 13% of the votes, thus becoming the third largest party in Parliament after the Alliance and the Pan Malaysian Islamic Party (PMIP).

The Socialist Front managed to gain 13 out of 14 seats in George Town, Penang during the 1961 Local Elections.[4] The SF was further strengthened when the former Minister of Agriculture, Aziz Ishak, brought his National Convention Party into the coalition.[5] Ahmad Boestamam resigned as SF chairman in 1961 to concentrate on leading PR.[6]

In 1963, shortly after the events of the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, the government took action against several opposition politicians and activists. SF was seen as pro-Indonesia and pro-China,[7][8] causing the Socialist Front leader's arrest. Among those detained and arrested were Ahmad Boestamam (PR president), Ishak Haji Muhammad (PBM president), Abdul Aziz Ishak (Gerakan Angkatan Melayu Sedar president) and Datuk Kampo Radjo (later to become president of the PRM), Tan Kai Hee, Tan Hock Hin, Dr. Rajakumar, Hasnul Hadi, Tajuddin Kahar and hundreds of others. Rallies and mass demonstrations were held on 13 February 1965 in Kuala Lumpur in conjunction with the second anniversary of the detention of Ahmad Boestamam and others to oppose the mass arrests of activists and leaders of the SF under the Internal Security Act (ISA) and the alleged involvement in "subversive" activities.[9][10]

In the 1964 General Elections, the Socialist Front lost 6 seats and managed to retain 2 seats. PR and the NCP failed to gain any seats at all and the PBM lost a significant number of seats.[11] Cancellation of local government elections in 1965 after the declaration of Emergency in 1964 because of continued confrontation with Indonesia, weakened the impact of SF. Dispute between the two parties resulted in PR leaving the coalition in 1965, and NCP soon become inactive. PBM, the only party in SF that held seats, abandoned it on 10 January 1966 and reverted to its own banner.[12]

Aftermath[]

In 1968, most of PBM's members linked up with UDP members to form Gerakan.PBM boycott the 1969 elections and organised demonstrations against the detention of its leaders by the government.[13][14]

After the elections, PBM continued in the face of tough action by the government and was finally wound up on 6 September 1972.[15] PR changed its name to Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia (PSRM) in 1970 and again in 1989 (Parti Rakyat Malaysia-PRM).

Ahmad Boestamam and Ishak Haji Muhammad established Parti Marhaen Malaysia (PMM) in 1968. PMM then merged with Parti Keadilan Masyarakat Malaysia (PEKEMAS) in 1974. He tried to resurrect the coalition before the 1974 elections, but failed.[16]

Component parties[]

Elected representatives[]

General elections result[]

Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader
1959
8 / 104
 199,688 12.9% Increase8 seats; Opposition coalition Ahmad Boestaman
1964
2 / 104
 330,898 16.1% Decrease6 seats; Opposition coalition Tan Chee Khoon

State election results[]

References[]

  1. ^ Penang Story: Facing Up to Storm Clouds : The Labour Party of Malaya, Penang Division, 1963 – 1969 Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ R.K Vasil, (1971) Politics in a Plural Society: A Study of Non-Communal Political Parties in West Malaysia, p 185 ISBN 978-0-19-638127-5
  3. ^ Rahman, (1997) Pemikiran Islam di Malaysia: sejarah dan aliran, p130 ISBN 978-9795614302
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b "CHARLES HECTOR: Labour Party of Malaya - the Socialist Front - the threat removed through ISA and DWT laws, and ..." Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  5. ^ Weiss, Meredith Leigh (2005). Protest and Possibilities: Civil Society and Coalitions for Political Change in Malaysia. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. pp. 324. ISBN 0-8047-5295-8.
  6. ^ Philip Mathews (28 February 2014). Chronicle of Malaysia: Fifty Years of Headline News, 1963-2013. Editions Didier Millet. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-967-10617-4-9.
  7. ^ "Detikdaily - Menerima penubuhan Malaysia". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  8. ^ Maidin, (2004), The Unsung Heroes, p120 ISBN 9676115827
  9. ^ "Sadar Amoi: Sejarah Malaysia yang kita jarang dengar Part 3". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  10. ^ "Socialist Party of Malaysia: Building socialism while capitalism crumbles | Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  11. ^ Weiss, Meredith Leigh (2005). Protest and Possibilities: Civil Society and Coalitions for Political Change in Malaysia. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. p. 324. ISBN 0-8047-5295-8.
  12. ^ "Malayan People's Socialist Front". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  13. ^ "Malaysian History: Watershed elections of 1969". Archived from the original on 19 August 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  14. ^ "The Malaysian Bar - The tragedy of May 13, 1969". Archived from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  15. ^ "Pertembungan antara Islam dan sekular tumbangkan 3 gabungan pembangkang - The Malaysian Insider". Archived from the original on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  16. ^ "Jejak Pemikiran Bung Karno Di Malaya - Berdikari Online | Berdikari Online". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
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