Palisades Park, New Jersey

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This article is about the New Jersey borough. For other possible uses, see Palisades Park (disambiguation).

Palisades Park, New Jersey
Borough
Borough of Palisades Park
Map highlighting Palisades Park's location within Bergen County. Inset: Bergen County's location within New Jersey.
Map highlighting Palisades Park's location within Bergen County. Inset: Bergen County's location within New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Palisades Park, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Palisades Park, New Jersey
Palisades Park is located in Bergen County, New Jersey
Palisades Park
Palisades Park
Location in Bergen County
Coordinates: 40°50′49″N 73°59′49″W / 40.847017°N 73.997061°W / 40.847017; -73.997061Coordinates: 40°50′49″N 73°59′49″W / 40.847017°N 73.997061°W / 40.847017; -73.997061[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Bergen
IncorporatedMarch 22, 1899
Government
 • TypeBorough
 • BodyBorough Council
 • MayorChristopher J. Chung (D, term ends December 31, 2022)[3][4]
 • AdministratorDavid J. Lorenzo[5]
 • Municipal clerkGina S. Kim[6]
Area
 • Total1.28 sq mi (3.32 km2)
 • Land1.24 sq mi (3.21 km2)
 • Water0.04 sq mi (0.11 km2)  3.28%
Area rank474th of 565 in state
60th of 70 in county[1]
Elevation112 ft (34 m)
Population
 (2010 Census)[9][10][11]
 • Total19,622
 • Estimate 
(2019)[12]
20,715
 • Rank132nd of 566 in state
14th of 70 in county[13]
 • Density15,681.6/sq mi (6,054.7/km2)
 • Density rank14th of 566 in state
3rd of 70 in county[13]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
07650[14][15]
Area code(s)201[16]
FIPS code3400355770[1][17][18]
GNIS feature ID0885338[1][19]
Websitewww.mypalisadespark.com

Palisades Park is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 19,622,[9][10][11] reflecting an increase of 2,549 (+14.9%) from the 17,073 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 2,537 (+17.5%) from the 14,536 counted in the 1990 Census.[20] The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program put the borough's population at 20,715 in 2019.[12]

The borough of Palisades Park was created by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 22, 1899, from portions of Ridgefield Township. A portion of its area was annexed by the neighboring borough of Fort Lee in April 1909.[21][22][23] The borough was named for its location atop the New Jersey Palisades.[24][25]

It is one of the largest and fastest growing ethnic Korean enclaves outside of Korea. Koreans comprise the majority (65%) of the population of the borough of Palisades Park,[26][27][28][29] the municipality with the highest density of ethnic Koreans in the Western Hemisphere and the home of both the highest Korean-American density and percentage of any municipality in the United States. It has been called Koreatown on the Hudson[30] and Little Korea.[31]

Geography[]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.28 square miles (3.32 km2), including 1.24 square miles (3.21 km2) of land and 0.04 square miles (0.11 km2) of water (3.28%).[1][2]

The borough borders Fort Lee, Leonia, Ridgefield and Ridgefield Park.[32][33][34] Morsemere is a neighborhood largely in the northern part of Ridgefield straddling the southern border of Palisades Park.[35]

The town's central business district centered around Broad Avenue has been called Koreatown[36][37][38][39][40] In mid-2015, a proposal was submitted by the Korean-American Association of Palisades Park to the mayor and council to add a second name to Broad Avenue, such as "Korean Market Street" (Meokjagolmok) or "Korea Way".[41]

History[]

Until the 1980s, Palisades Park was overwhelmingly Caucasian, a mix of blue-collar workers and professionals whose families originated largely from Italy, Croatia, Germany, and Greece. Its houses were inexpensive, and it had a number of vacant shops and offices.[42] In the 1990s, a continuous stream of Korean immigrants emerged into Palisades Park. A substantial number of affluent and educated Korean American professionals have settled in Bergen County since the early 2000s and have founded various academic and communally supportive organizations, including the Korean Parent Partnership Organization at the Bergen County Academies magnet high school and the Korean-American Association of New Jersey. Approximately 120 Korean stores were counted in Palisades Park in 2000,[43] a number which has risen significantly since then, featuring restaurants and karaoke (noraebang) bars, grocery markets, education centers and bookstores, financial institutions, offices, electronics vendors, apparel boutiques, and other commercial enterprises.

In May 2012, borough officials rejected requests by two diplomatic delegations from Japan to remove a small monument from a public park, a brass plaque on a block of stone, dedicated in 2010 to the memory of comfort women, tens of thousands of women and girls, many Korean, who were forced into sexual slavery by Japanese soldiers during World War II.[44][45] Days later, a South Korean delegation endorsed the borough's decision.[46] The first Japanese delegation cited apologies offered by their country's government for its involvement as justifying the removal of the monument, while officials from the second delegation controversially claimed that "comfort women were a lie". However, in neighboring Fort Lee, various Korean American groups could not reach consensus on the design and wording for such a monument as of early April 2013.[47][48]

In May 2014, the Palisades Park Public Library created a memorial dedicated to the victims of the tragic sinking of the Sewol ferry off the South Korean coast on April 16, 2014.[49]

Demographics[]

See also: List of U.S. cities with significant Korean-American populations

The per capita Korean American population of Bergen County, 6.3% by the 2010 United States Census,[50][51] (increasing to 6.9% by the 2011 American Community Survey),[52] is the highest of any county in the United States,[51] with all of the nation's top ten municipalities by percentage of Korean population[53] and an absolute total of 56,773 Korean Americans (increasing to 63,247 by the 2011 American Community Survey)[52] living in the county.[50][54] The concentration of Korean Americans in Palisades Park in turn is the highest of any municipality in the United States,[55] at 52% of the population,[50] enumerating 10,115 residents of Korean ancestry as of the 2010 Census.[56] Palisades Park is often referred to as the Korean village.[57] Along with Koreatowns in New York City and Long Island, Bergen County serves as the nexus for an overall Korean American population of 218,764 individuals in the Greater New York Combined Statistical Area,[58] the second largest population of ethnic Koreans outside of Korea.[59]

Broad Avenue, Koreatown in Palisades Park (벼랑 공원 코리아타운).[60] Click on image to view Hangul signs.
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1900644—
19101,411119.1%
19202,63386.6%
19307,065168.3%
19408,14115.2%
19509,63518.4%
196011,94324.0%
197013,35111.8%
198013,7322.9%
199014,5365.9%
200017,07317.5%
201019,62214.9%
2019 (est.)20,715[12][61][62]5.6%
Population sources:
1900–1920[63] 1900–1910[64]
1910–1930[65] 1900–2010[66][67][68]
2000[69][70] 2010[9][10][11]

2010 Census[]

The 2010 United States census counted 19,622 people, 6,934 households, and 5,020 families in the borough. The population density was 15,681.6 per square mile (6,054.7/km2). There were 7,362 housing units at an average density of 5,883.6 per square mile (2,271.7/km2). The racial makeup was 28.90% (5,670) White, 1.96% (385) Black or African American, 0.31% (60) Native American, 57.84% (11,350) Asian, 0.05% (10) Pacific Islander, 9.00% (1,765) from other races, and 1.95% (382) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.22% (3,575) of the population.[9]

Of the 6,934 households, 26.1% had children under the age of 18; 53.7% were married couples living together; 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present and 27.6% were non-families. Of all households, 19.8% were made up of individuals and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.20.[9]

16.5% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 37.9% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 99.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 98.3 males.[9]

As of the 2010 Census, 51.5% of the population (10,115) reported themselves as being of Korean ancestry,[9][71] with both the highest Korean-American density and percentage of any municipality in the United States.[72] Broad Avenue [60] has been characterized as a major epicenter of Korean American life.[73] Based on data from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey, 80.9% of borough residents did not speak English as their dominant language, the third-highest percentage in the state; the Korean language is spoken at home by more than half of the residents of Palisades Park.[74]

Same-sex couples headed 41 households in 2010, an increase from the 37 counted in 2000.[75]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $55,602 (with a margin of error of +/− $7,300) and the median family income was $66,725 (+/− $8,196). Males had a median income of $43,919 (+/− $8,170) versus $46,014 (+/− $6,780) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $30,666 (+/− $2,900). About 12.0% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over.[76]

2000 Census[]

As of the 2000 United States Census[17] there were 17,073 people, 6,247 households, and 4,447 families residing in the borough. The population density was 14,112.4 people per square mile (5,447.9/km2). There were 6,386 housing units at an average density of 5,278.6 per square mile (2,037.7/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 48.27% White, 1.38% African American, 0.19% Native American, 41.09% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 5.80% from other races, and 3.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.48% of the population.[69][70]

In 2000, 36.38% of Palisades Park residents identified as being of Korean heritage. This was the highest percentage of Korean Americans of any place in the country with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry and more than double that of second-ranked Cerritos, California.[77] Also in the 2000 Census, 3.1% of Palisades Park's residents identified themselves as being of Croatian ancestry. This was the second highest percentage of people with Croatian ancestry in any place in New Jersey with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry.[78]

There were 6,247 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.20.[69][70]

In the borough, the population was spread out, with 19.4% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 37.8% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.[69][70]

The median income for a household in the borough was $48,015, and the median income for a family was $54,503. Males had a median income of $37,204 versus $31,997 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $22,607. About 8.5% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.9% of those under age 18 and 12.1% of those age 65 or over.[69][70]

Government[]

The nearby George Washington Bridge, the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, provides access to Palisades Park from Manhattan in New York City via adjacent Fort Lee.

Local government[]

Palisades Park is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, the most common form of government in New Jersey.[79] The government is comprised of a mayor and a borough council comprising six council members, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle.[7] The borough form of government used by Palisades Park is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.[80][81]

In July 2015, Shawn M. Lee was sworn in as Palisades Park's first Korean-American police sergeant and Gina S. Kim as the first municipal clerk, reflecting the growing political influence of the Korean American population.[82] In November 2015, Palisades Park hired two more Korean-speaking police officers, bringing the total to four.[83] Korean Americans, who compose more than half of the borough's population and have attended town meetings in large numbers, have requested Korean interpreters to be present at these meetings as of August 2016.[84] In 2017, the borough created a Korean language version of its website.[85]

As of 2020, the Mayor of Palisades Park is Democrat Christopher J. Chung, whose term of office ends December 31, 2022. Chung is the first Korean-American mayor in Bergen County and the second in New Jersey.[86] Members of the Palisades Park Borough Council are Council President Frank Donahue (D, 2020), Chong Paul Kim (D, 2021), Jong Chul Lee (D, 2021), Son K. "Andy" Min (D, 2022), Cyndy A. Pirrera (D, 2020) and Michael P. Vietri (D, 2022).[3][87]

During the 2018 primary election for mayor, former Mayor James Rotundo's mother Lorraine Rotundo went on a "racist tirade" on Facebook two days after the primary election. The race was extremely close with Christopher Chung winning by a narrow margin. Lorraine Rotundo made the post in response to the massive number of Koreans at the voting booths. She stated that Palisades Park should “go to hell,” and exclaimed that the Korean residents could “have this F'n town.” She later went on to post that only English should be spoken in the Borough Hall.[88] Former Mayor James Rotundo apologized on behalf of his mother and strongly denounced her comments. “I’m disgusted with her statement,” he said. Rotundo claimed that he was not raised by these sentiments.[89]

Christopher Chung was sworn into office as a council member in January 2014, having been selected by the council from among three names submitted by the Democratic Municipal Committee to fill the vacant seat of Jason Kim, who had resigned earlier that month.[90]

Federal, state and county representation[]

Palisades Park is located in the 9th Congressional District[91] and is part of New Jersey's 37th state legislative district.[10][92][93]

For the 117th United States Congress, New Jersey's Ninth Congressional District is represented by Bill Pascrell (D, Paterson).[94][95] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[96] and Bob Menendez (Harrison, term ends 2025).[97][98]

For the 2020–2021 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 37th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Loretta Weinberg (D, Teaneck) and in the General Assembly by Valerie Huttle (D, Englewood) and Gordon M. Johnson (D, Englewood).[99][100]

Politics[]

As of March 23, 2011, there were 6,410 registered voters, of which 1,839 (28.7% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,128 (17.6% vs. 21.1%) were registered as Republicans and 3,443 (53.7% vs. 47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were no voters registered to other parties.[101] Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 32.7% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 39.1% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide).[101][102]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 2,487 votes here (67.1% vs. 54.8% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,147 votes (31.0% vs. 43.5%), for a turnout of 53.5% (vs. 70.4% in Bergen County).[103][104]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 50.6% of the vote (919 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 47.6% (864 votes), and other candidates with 1.8% (33 votes), among the 1,878 ballots cast by the borough's 6,473 registered voters (62 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 29.0%.[105][106]

Culture[]

Palisades Park has emerged as a dominant nexus of Korean American culture.[107] Palisades Park High School has hosted national Kumdo martial arts tournaments.[108][109]

Broad Avenue has been referred to as a "Korean food walk of fame",[110] with diverse offerings.[111] Palisades Park now incorporates the highest concentration of Korean restaurants within a one-mile radius in the United States,[112] and Broad Avenue has evolved into a Korean dessert destination as well.[113][114] Korean Chinese cuisine is now also available in Koreatown, as is misugaru.[115] Bulgogi and galbi are staples on Broad Avenue in the Palisades Park.[116] Korean cafés have become a major cultural element within Palisades Park, not only for the coffee, bingsu (shaved ice), and pastries, but also as communal gathering places.[117]

Korean and English are both spoken prevalently in Palisades Park. Korean is spoken at home by more than half of the residents of Palisades Park and nearby Englewood Cliffs, according to U.S. Census Bureau data released in 2017.[118] Retail signs using Hangul are ubiquitous. In 1996, an ordinance was passed that storefront signage be same size in English as in Korean.[119]

Additionally, as of 2010, more than 15 percent of Palisades Park’s residents speak Spanish.

Education[]

The Palisades Park Public School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. [120] As of the 2019–20 school year, the district, comprised of three schools, had an enrollment of 1,846 students and 95.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 19.3:1.[121] Schools in the district (with 2019-20 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[122]) are Dr. Charles R. Smith Early Childhood Center[123] with 196 students in grades PreK-K, Lindbergh Elementary School[124] with 858 students in grades 1-6 and Palisades Park High School[125] with 774 students in grades 7-12.[126]

Public school students from the borough, and all of Bergen County, are eligible to attend the secondary education programs offered by the Bergen County Technical Schools, which include the Bergen County Academies in Hackensack, and the Bergen Tech campus in Teterboro or Paramus. The district offers programs on a shared-time or full-time basis, with admission based on a selective application process and tuition covered by the student's home school district.[127][128]

According to The Record, the Korean-American Association of New Jersey petitioned Palisades Park school officials in 2013 to use textbooks that refer to the Sea of Japan as the East Sea as well.[129]

Transportation[]

Roads and highways[]

Northbound U.S. Route 1/9 and eastbound U.S. Route 46 function jointly as a park-like arterial conduit connecting Palisades Park with the George Washington Bridge.

As of May 2010, the borough had a total of 28.00 miles (45.06 km) of roadways, of which 22.80 miles (36.69 km) were maintained by the municipality, 1.01 miles (1.63 km) by Bergen County and 4.19 miles (6.74 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[130]

Roadways in Palisades Park include U.S. Route 1/9,[131] U.S. Route 46,[132] Route 5,[133] Route 63,[134] Route 93[135] and County Route 501.[136]

The nearby George Washington Bridge, the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, provides access to Palisades Park from Manhattan in New York City via adjacent Fort Lee.[137][138]

Public transportation[]

NJ Transit provides bus service between the borough and the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 127, 154, 155, 157, 166 and 168 routes, to Jersey City on the 83 route, with local service offered on the 751 and 755 bus lines.[139][140]

Rockland Coaches provides service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal on routes 11T/11AT, 14ET, 20/20T and 21T and on the 14K route to the George Washington Bridge Bus Station.[141][142]

Notable people[]

See also: Category:People from Palisades Park, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Palisades Park include:

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b U.S. Gazetteer Files for 2000, 2010 and 2012-2016, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2017.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Mayor and Council, Borough of Palisades Park. Accessed March 2, 2020.
  4. ^ 2020 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  5. ^ Office of the Borough Administrator, Borough of Palisades Park. Accessed October 5, 2019.
  6. ^ Office of the Borough Clerk, Borough of Palisades Park. Accessed October 5, 2019.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 157.
  8. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Borough of Palisades Park, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 8, 2013.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Palisades Park borough, Bergen County, New Jersey , United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 11, 2013.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Palisades Park borough Archived 2019-08-04 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 11, 2013.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c QuickFacts for Palisades Park borough, New Jersey; Bergen County, New Jersey; New Jersey from Population estimates, July 1, 2019, (V2019), United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2020.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey , United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 11, 2013.
  14. ^ Look Up a ZIP Code for Palisades Park, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed September 22, 2011.
  15. ^ ZIP Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed August 29, 2013.
  16. ^ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Palisades Park, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed August 29, 2013.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b U.S. Census website , United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  18. ^ Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed September 1, 2019.
  19. ^ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
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  24. ^ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 16, 2015.
  25. ^ Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 236. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed September 16, 2015.
  26. ^ Karen Sudol; Dave Sheingold (October 12, 2011). "Korean language ballots coming to Bergen County". © 2012 North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  27. ^ Kirk Semple (May 18, 2012). "In New Jersey, Memorial for 'Comfort Women' Deepens Old Animosity". The New York Times. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
  28. ^ Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues Second Edition, Edited by Pyong Gap Min. Pine Forge Press - An Imprint of Sage Publications, Inc. 2006. ISBN 9781412905565. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
  29. ^ Brian Yarvin (June 13, 2008). "New York serious eats". Serious Eats © 2006-2012. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
  30. ^ Sophia F. Gottfried (January 12, 2017). "Korean Food Crawl with Kimchi Smoke's Rob Cho". NorthJersey.com - part of the USA TODAY network. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  31. ^ Ma, Myles (January 16, 2019). "As Korean population grows, Palisades Park learns the language". NJ.com. Retrieved May 21, 2021. Anyone who has spent time on Broad Avenue knows: Palisades Park is Bergen County's Little Korea.
  32. ^ Areas touching Palisades Park, MapIt. Accessed March 2, 2020.
  33. ^ Bergen County Map of Municipalities, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 2, 2020.
  34. ^ New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.
  35. ^ Morsemere in Ridgefield, New Jersey (Map). May 25, 1940. doi:10.7282/T3VM4CX7 – via rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu. Map of the Morsemere section of Ridgefield, Bergen County, N.J. with insets of Palisades Park, Ridgefield and Teaneck, showing properties for sale at public auction by the State of New York Banking Department.
  36. ^ Morgan, Arlene Notoro; Pifer, Alice Irene; Woods, Keith (2006). The Authentic Voice: The Best Reporting on Race and Ethnicity. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231132893. Broad Avenue is the fulcrum of something larger: a parallel universe - that re-creates American traditions in Korean style. Koreans call it "Koreatown".
  37. ^ Ph.D, Reed Ueda (September 21, 2017). America's Changing Neighborhoods: An Exploration of Diversity through Places [3 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781440828652. Koreans have given rise to ethnic enclave businesses...Koreans operate 95% of all businesses around the mle-long commercial strip of Broad Avenue.
  38. ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/a-taste-of-korea-in-new-jersey/2014/12/31/b0619018-87b9-11e4-9534-f79a23c40e6c_story.html
  39. ^ Pyong Gap Min (August 5, 2012). "Population Growth and Racial Composition in Korean Enclaves in the New York-New Jersey Area, 1980-2010" (PDF). RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE KOREAN COMMUNITY QUEENS COLLEGE OF CUNY. Retrieved May 20, 2021. the Korean business district in Palisades Park: on ten blocks along Broad Avenue, on a few blocks along Grand Avenue, and a few blocks along Bergen Boulevard. This business district created in a very suburban Korean enclave has no high buildings and no major shopping malls
  40. ^ Lee, Jinsok (2015), Language, Ethnicity and Identity in a New Jersey Korean-American Community, Washington, D.C.: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University, Broad Avenue, the street running through the center of the borough is considered to be the heart of the Korean American commercial district in Bergen County. The avenue is full of Korean businesses for 13 blocks (between Harriet Avenue and Oakdene Avenue, southwest to northeast, respectively). Almost all the store signs are in Korean only or English/Korean bilingual (Figure 3.5), and there are also a lot of chain stores which came directly from Korea such as ‘Paris Baguette’ (popular Korean bakery chain) and ‘Caffe Bene’ (popular Korean coffee shop chain). Broad Avenue of Palisades Park provides the biggest and densest Korean commercial district among the Korean American commercial districts in Bergen County.
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  43. ^ Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues Second Edition, Edited by Pyong Gap Min. Pine Forge Press - An Imprint of Sage Publications, Inc. 2006. ISBN 9781412905565. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
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  45. ^ S.P. Sullivan (June 8, 2013). "Sexual slavery issue, discussed internationally, pivots around one little monument in N.J." New Jersey On-Line LLC. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
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Sources[]

External links[]

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