Portsmouth, Virginia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Portsmouth, Virginia
Independent city
Downtown Portsmouth on the Elizabeth River
Downtown Portsmouth on the Elizabeth River
Flag of Portsmouth, Virginia
Flag
Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia
Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia
Portsmouth, Virginia is located in the United States
Portsmouth, Virginia
Portsmouth, Virginia
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 36°50′04″N 76°20′30″W / 36.83444°N 76.34167°W / 36.83444; -76.34167Coordinates: 36°50′04″N 76°20′30″W / 36.83444°N 76.34167°W / 36.83444; -76.34167
Country United States
State Virginia
Founded1752
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager[1]
 • MayorShannon Glover
Area
[5]
 • Total46.68 sq mi (120.91 km2)
 • Land33.30 sq mi (86.25 km2)
 • Water13.38 sq mi (34.66 km2)
Elevation
20 ft (6 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total95,535
 • Estimate 
(2019)[4]
94,398
 • Density2,834.69/sq mi (1,094.49/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
23701-23709
Area code(s)757, 948 (planned)
FIPS code51-64000[2]
GNIS feature ID1497102[3]
Websitehttp://www.portsmouthva.gov/

Portsmouth is an independent city in Virginia southwest and across the Elizabeth River from Norfolk. As of the 2010 census, the population was 95,535.[6] It is part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area.

The Norfolk Naval Shipyard and Naval Medical Center Portsmouth are historic and active U.S. Navy facilities located in Portsmouth.

History[]

In 1620, the future site of Portsmouth was recognized as suitable shipbuilding location by John Wood, a shipbuilder, who petitioned King James I of England for a land grant. The surrounding area was soon settled as a plantation community.[7]

Harbor at Portsmouth in 1843; the Naval Hospital is visible in the background

Portsmouth was founded by Colonel William Crawford, a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses.[8] It was established as a town in 1752 by an act of the Virginia General Assembly and was named for Portsmouth, England.[7]

In 1767, Andrew Sprowle, a shipbuilder, founded the Gosport Shipyard adjacent to Portsmouth. The Gosport Shipyard at Portsmouth was owned by the Commonwealth of Virginia after the American Revolutionary War and was sold to the new United States federal government.[citation needed]

The Yellow Fever Memorial in Laurel Hill Cemetery was built to honor the "Doctors, Druggists and Nurses" from Philadelphia who helped fight the epidemic in Portsmouth[9]

In 1855, the Portsmouth and Norfolk area suffered an epidemic of yellow fever which killed 1 of every three citizens. It became an independent city from Norfolk County in 1858.[9]

During the American Civil War, in 1861, Virginia joined the Confederate States of America. Fearing that the Confederacy would take control of the shipyard at Portsmouth, the shipyard commander ordered the burning of the shipyard. The Confederate forces did in fact take over the shipyard, and did so without armed conflict through an elaborate ruse orchestrated by civilian railroad builder William Mahone (soon to become a famous Confederate officer). The Union forces withdrew to Fort Monroe across Hampton Roads, which was the only land in the area which remained under Union control.[citation needed]

In early 1862, the Confederate ironclad warship CSS Virginia was rebuilt using the burned-out hulk of USS Merrimack. Virginia engaged the Union ironclad USS Monitor in the famous Battle of Hampton Roads during the Union blockade of Hampton Roads. The Confederates burned the shipyard again when they left in May 1862.[citation needed]

Following the recapture of Norfolk and Portsmouth by the Union forces, the name of the shipyard was changed to Norfolk Naval Shipyard. The name of the shipyard was derived from its location in Norfolk County. The Norfolk Naval Shipyard today is located entirely within the city limits of Portsmouth, Virginia. The Norfolk Naval Shipyard name has been retained to minimize any confusion with the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, which itself is actually located in Kittery, Maine, across the Piscataqua River from Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[citation needed]

The Lightship Portsmouth is part of the Naval Shipyard Museum

During and after World War II, the shipyard flourished and suburban development surrounded both Norfolk and Portsmouth. Portsmouth continued as the county seat of Norfolk County until 1963 when the new city of Chesapeake was formed in a political consolidation with the city of South Norfolk. Portsmouth's other county neighbor, the former Nansemond County, also consolidated with a smaller city, forming the new city of Suffolk in 1974.[citation needed] One of the older cities of Hampton Roads, in the early 21st century, Portsmouth was undergoing moderate urban renewal in the downtown.[citation needed]

The APM "MAERSK" marine terminal for container ships opened in 2007 in the West Norfolk section.[citation needed]

Timeline[]

  • 1752 - Portsmouth founded by politician William Crawford; named after Portsmouth, England.[10]
  • 1779 - Portsmouth sacked by British forces during the American Revolutionary War.[11]
  • 1812 - Dismal Swamp Canal opens.[12]
  • 1821 - Fire.[13]
  • 1822 - Norfolk-Portsmouth steam ferry begins operating.[13]
  • 1824 - October 25: Lafayette visits Portsmouth.[14]
  • 1836 - Town of Portsmouth incorporated.[10]
  • 1837 - Portsmouth & Roanoke Railroad begins operating.[13]
  • 1840 - Population: 6,477.[15]
  • 1846 - Norfolk County Courthouse built.[13]
  • 1850 - Population: 8,626.[15]
  • 1855 - Yellow fever outbreak.[16]
  • 1858 - City of Portsmouth incorporated as an independent city (separated from Norfolk County).[10]
  • 1865 - Zion Baptist Church founded.[17][18]
  • 1867 - Virginia Baptist State Convention organized during a meeting in Portsmouth.[19]
  • 1870 - Population: 10,590.
  • 1890 - Became a stop on the Atlantic and Danville Railway.[20]
  • 1894 - Annexation of portions of Norfolk County North of the city[21]
  • 1900 - Lyceum Theatre in business.[22]
  • 1910 - Population: 33,190.
  • 1909 – Annexation of portions of Norfolk County West of the city.[23]
  • 1914 - Portsmouth Public Library opens.
  • 1919 – Expansion via the annexation of parts of Norfolk County that included the port zone (Pinner's Point) along the Elizbeth River to the north and residential areas to the West. [24]
  • 1922 - Chevra Thilim Synagogue built.[25]
  • 1939 - Lyric Theatre in business.[22]
  • 1948 – The fourth annexation since becoming an independent city, pushing the city boundary westward to Western Branch.[26]
  • 1949 - Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum established.[27]
  • 1950 - Population: 80,039.
  • 1952 - Downtown Tunnel opens.
  • 1955 - Portsmouth Historical Association founded.[27]
  • 1957 - WAVY-TV begins broadcasting.[14]
  • 1960 - Population: 114,773. Portsmouth annexes additional portions of Norfolk County, including ten square miles and 36,000 residents. [28]
  • 1963 - Public Library's "Local History Room" established.[29]
  • 1966 - Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and Museum established.[13]
  • 1968 – Further annexation of Norfolk County including ten square miles of land, 14 square miles of water area, and 11,000 residents, all within the norther one-third of Western Branch Borough.[30]
  • 1974 - Richard Joseph Davis becomes mayor.
  • 1981 - Portsmouth Times newspaper begins publication.[31]
  • 1984 - James W. Holley III becomes mayor.
  • 1993 - Bobby Scott becomes U.S. representative for Virginia's 3rd congressional district.[32]
  • 1998 - Museum of Military History established.[27]
  • 2001 - Randy Forbes becomes U.S. representative for Virginia's 4th congressional district.[33]
  • 2010 - Population: 95,535.[34]
  • 2017 - John L. Rowe, Jr. becomes mayor.[35]

Historic sites[]

Portsmouth courthouse in the Olde Towne historic district
Built in 1846, the Portsmouth Courthouse is a historic landmark in the center of the Olde Towne Historic District

Olde Towne[]

The Olde Towne Historic District features one of the largest collections of historically significant homes between Alexandria, Virginia and Charleston, South Carolina.[36] The Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church was built by slaves and free men and is the second-oldest building in Portsmouth and the city's oldest black church.[citation needed]

The city contains a number of other historic buildings, as well, including the Pass House, which was built in 1841 by Judge James Murdaugh and occupied by Union troops from 1862 to 1865. Federal forces required Portsmouth residents to obtain a written pass to travel across the Elizabeth River and beyond. These passes were issued from the English basement and thus the name "Pass House" was derived.[37][38]

Naval Medical Center Portsmouth[]

Formerly the Naval Hospital Portsmouth, the Naval Medical Center Portsmouth is a United States Navy medical center adjacent to the Olde Towne Historic District and Park View Historic District. Founded in 1827, it is the oldest continuously running hospital in the Navy medical system with the motto "First and Finest."[39]

Seaboard Coastline Building[]

Located at 1 High Street in the Olde Towne Historic District, the Seaboard Coastline Building is a historic train station and former headquarters of the Seaboard Air Line railroad company.[citation needed]

The Hill House[]

A four-story 1825 English basement home furnished entirely with original family belongings. It is evident from the furnishings that the Hill family were avid collectors and lived graciously over a period of 150 years. The house remains in its original condition, with limited renovation through the years.[citation needed]

Cedar Grove Cemetery[]

Established in 1832, Cedar Grove Cemetery is the oldest city-owned cemetery in Portsmouth. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Portsmouth, Virginia, the cemetery is noted for its funerary art and the civic, business, maritime, religious and military leaders who are buried there. Historical markers placed throughout the cemetery allow for self-guided tours. The cemetery is located between Effingham Street and Fort Lane in Olde Towne Portsmouth. Entrance is through the south gate to the cemetery, located on London Boulevard.[citation needed]

Geography[]

Newport News, Hampton, Portsmouth and Norfolk, from space, July 1996. Portsmouth is in the center-right portion of the photo.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 47 square miles (120 km2), of which 34 square miles (88 km2) is land and 13 square miles (34 km2) (28.0%) is water. The city is also bisected by the West Branch of the Elizabeth River which flows from neighboring Suffolk.[40]

Climate[]

Portsmouth's mild humid subtropical climate means outdoor activities can be enjoyed year round. The weather in Portsmouth is temperate and seasonal. Summers are hot and humid with warm evenings. The mean annual temperature is 65 °F (18 °C), with an average annual snowfall of 3 inches and an average annual rainfall of 47 inches. No measurable snow fell in 1999. The wettest seasons are the spring and summer, although rainfall is fairly constant all year round. The highest recorded temperature was 105.0 °F in 1980. The lowest recorded temperature was -3.0 °F on January 21, 1985.[41]

Additionally, the geographic location of the city, with respect to the principal storm tracks, is especially favorable, as it is south of the average path of storms originating in the higher latitudes, and north of the usual tracks of hurricanes and other major tropical storms.[42] Snow falls rarely, averaging 3 inches (76 mm) per season.[43]

Climate data for Norfolk International Airport, Virginia (1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1874–present[b])
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 84
(29) 		82
(28) 		92
(33) 		97
(36) 		100
(38) 		102
(39) 		105
(41) 		105
(41) 		100
(38) 		95
(35) 		86
(30) 		82
(28) 		105
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 72
(22) 		74
(23) 		81
(27) 		87
(31) 		92
(33) 		96
(36) 		98
(37) 		95
(35) 		92
(33) 		86
(30) 		79
(26) 		73
(23) 		99
(37)
Average high °F (°C) 50.7
(10.4) 		53.4
(11.9) 		60.1
(15.6) 		70.0
(21.1) 		77.4
(25.2) 		85.2
(29.6) 		89.4
(31.9) 		86.9
(30.5) 		81.4
(27.4) 		72.3
(22.4) 		62.1
(16.7) 		54.7
(12.6) 		70.3
(21.3)
Daily mean °F (°C) 42.2
(5.7) 		44.2
(6.8) 		50.7
(10.4) 		60.1
(15.6) 		68.3
(20.2) 		76.7
(24.8) 		81.1
(27.3) 		79.2
(26.2) 		74.0
(23.3) 		63.7
(17.6) 		53.3
(11.8) 		46.1
(7.8) 		61.6
(16.4)
Average low °F (°C) 33.6
(0.9) 		35.1
(1.7) 		41.3
(5.2) 		50.1
(10.1) 		59.1
(15.1) 		68.1
(20.1) 		72.8
(22.7) 		71.6
(22.0) 		66.6
(19.2) 		55.1
(12.8) 		44.4
(6.9) 		37.6
(3.1) 		52.9
(11.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 19
(−7) 		22
(−6) 		27
(−3) 		37
(3) 		47
(8) 		56
(13) 		65
(18) 		64
(18) 		56
(13) 		40
(4) 		30
(−1) 		24
(−4) 		17
(−8)
Record low °F (°C) −3
(−19) 		2
(−17) 		14
(−10) 		23
(−5) 		36
(2) 		45
(7) 		54
(12) 		49
(9) 		40
(4) 		27
(−3) 		17
(−8) 		5
(−15) 		−3
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.41
(87) 		2.90
(74) 		3.69
(94) 		3.37
(86) 		3.78
(96) 		4.43
(113) 		6.08
(154) 		5.88
(149) 		5.40
(137) 		3.86
(98) 		3.10
(79) 		3.28
(83) 		49.18
(1,249)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 3.2
(8.1) 		1.5
(3.8) 		0.4
(1.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.1
(2.8) 		6.2
(16)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.7 9.2 10.9 10.0 11.2 9.7 10.6 10.2 9.4 7.7 8.9 9.9 118.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.7 1.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 4.0
Average relative humidity (%) 66.3 65.6 64.6 62.8 68.8 70.6 73.3 75.2 74.4 72.1 68.5 67.0 69.1
Average dew point °F (°C) 27.9
(−2.3) 		28.9
(−1.7) 		35.8
(2.1) 		43.2
(6.2) 		54.5
(12.5) 		63.1
(17.3) 		68.2
(20.1) 		68.0
(20.0) 		62.4
(16.9) 		51.3
(10.7) 		41.7
(5.4) 		32.7
(0.4) 		48.1
(9.0)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 171.5 175.2 229.3 252.8 271.7 280.1 278.3 260.4 231.4 208.3 175.7 160.4 2,695.1
Percent possible sunshine 56 58 62 64 62 64 62 62 62 60 57 53 61
Average ultraviolet index 2 4 5 7 8 10 9 9 7 5 3 2 6
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[41][44][45]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[46]

Demographics[]

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18406,477—
18508,62633.2%
18609,49610.1%
187010,59011.5%
188011,3907.6%
189013,26816.5%
190017,42731.3%
191033,19090.5%
192054,38763.9%
193045,704−16.0%
194050,74511.0%
195080,03957.7%
1960114,77343.4%
1970110,963−3.3%
1980104,577−5.8%
1990103,910−0.6%
2000100,565−3.2%
201095,535−5.0%
2019 (est.)94,398[4]−1.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[47]
1790-1960[48] 1900-1990[49]
1990-2000[50] 2010-2013[6]
Age distribution in Portsmouth

As of the 2010 census,[51] there were 95,535 people, 38,170 households, and 25,497 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,032.7 people per square mile (1,170.9/km2). There were 41,605 housing units at an average density of 1,254.7 per square mile (484.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 53.3% African American, 41.6% White, 0.4% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.0% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.1% of the population.

There were 38,170 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 10.9% have a female household with no husband present and 33.2% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,340, and the median income for a family was $53,769. Males had a median income of $39,871 versus $33,140 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,108. About 13.5% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.1% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.[52]

Arts and culture[]

Tourism[]

Portsmouth has a long history as a port town and city. The Olde Towne Business and Historical District is located in the downtown area, where a combination of preservation and redevelopment has been underway. An example is Hawthorn Hotel & Suites at The Governor Dinwiddie Hotel, which was renovated and reopened in 2005 after being closed for more than 10 years. It has been recognized by Historic Hotels of America, a program of the National Trust for Historical Preservation that identifies hotels that have maintained their historical integrity, architecture and ambiance and provides resources for their preservation.[53] The historic hotel was named for Governor Robert Dinwiddie, who was the administrative head of the Colony of Virginia during the time Portsmouth was founded in 1752. It was largely through his efforts that Virginia survived the French and Indian War relatively well.[54] (Dinwiddie County near Petersburg was also named for him).[citation needed]

Other points of interest include the , featuring the 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge[55] with an operating Chance Rides C.P. Huntington locomotive named Pokey Smokey II. The original Pokey Smokey locomotive was built by Crown Metal Products and ran at the park for many years before being sold at auction. It now runs on the in Ederville in Carthage, North Carolina.[56][57]

In addition, the located at Harbor Center Way features vintage railroad artifacts, rolling stock, and an operating model train layout.[58]

Sports[]

The Portsmouth Cavaliers were a basketball team founded in 2010 and played in the American Basketball Association for the 2011–12 season. Based in Portsmouth, Virginia, the Cavaliers played their home games at the Chick-fil-A Fieldhouse on the campus of Portsmouth Catholic Regional School. The club spent one season in the American Professional Basketball League (APBL) before folding.[citation needed]

Each April since 1953, the city hosts the Portsmouth Invitational Tournament, where college basketball seniors play in front of scouts from the NBA and top European leagues. Many top basketball stars played in the PIT before successful pro careers, including Jimmy Butler, Scottie Pippin, Dennis Rodman, and John Stockton.

Government[]

Presidential Elections Results[59]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2020 28.6% 12,755 69.4% 30,948 2.0% 879
2016 29.6% 12,795 65.9% 28,497 4.6% 1,969
2012 28.0% 12,858 70.8% 32,501 1.2% 563
2008 30.0% 13,984 69.3% 32,327 0.8% 354
2004 38.5% 15,212 61.0% 24,112 0.5% 210
2000 35.6% 12,628 62.9% 22,286 1.5% 541
1996 30.2% 10,686 62.6% 22,150 7.3% 2,573
1992 33.5% 12,575 54.3% 20,416 12.3% 4,608
1988 44.6% 16,087 54.6% 19,698 0.8% 274
1984 46.4% 18,940 53.0% 21,623 0.6% 238
1980 38.0% 13,660 58.1% 20,900 3.9% 1,389
1976 35.5% 12,872 63.0% 22,837 1.5% 537
1972 58.5% 20,090 38.2% 13,124 3.3% 1,136
1968 25.2% 9,402 42.1% 15,734 32.8% 12,245
1964 34.3% 8,420 65.5% 16,073 0.2% 51
1960 40.6% 6,900 58.3% 9,902 1.1% 178
1956 47.1% 5,390 49.7% 5,683 3.2% 363
1952 36.7% 3,621 62.8% 6,188 0.5% 46
1948 27.9% 2,056 62.5% 4,612 9.7% 713
1944 16.4% 1,129 83.4% 5,735 0.2% 13
1940 11.7% 675 87.8% 5,053 0.4% 25
1936 13.2% 861 86.3% 5,617 0.5% 31
1932 34.8% 1,840 63.2% 3,344 2.1% 110
1928 57.3% 3,474 42.7% 2,587
1924 17.7% 604 64.6% 2,206 17.7% 603
1920 24.4% 1,061 74.2% 3,228 1.4% 59
1916 20.8% 376 75.5% 1,368 3.7% 67
1912 3.3% 64 79.0% 1,529 17.7% 342

Portsmouth is governed under the Council-Manager form of government. The current mayor is Navy veteran and businessman Shannon Glover.[60] The City Hall Building, located at 801 Crawford Street, is the regular meeting place of the City Council of The City of Portsmouth, Virginia. The City Council is a legislative body served by six members, elected for four-year terms.[citation needed]

List of mayors of Portsmouth, Virginia

Education[]

Primary and secondary schools[]

Portsmouth Public Schools operates public schools. There are three public high schools in Portsmouth, Virginia, located at three corners of the city. In the northwest section of the city, off Cedar Lane, is Churchland High School. In the downtown section of the city, between London Blvd and High Street, is I.C. Norcom High School. In the southwest section of Portsmouth, on Elmhurst Lane, is Woodrow Wilson High School.

Higher education[]

There are a number of institutions of higher education in and in close proximity to Portsmouth. The city is home to the Tri-Cities Higher Education Center of Old Dominion University (ODU), a public research university founded in 1930 whose main campus is located in Norfolk, Virginia.[64] Portsmouth is also home to the Fred W. Beazley Portsmouth Campus of Tidewater Community College, a two-year higher education institution founded in 1968 in South Hampton Roads with additional campuses located in Chesapeake, Norfolk, and Virginia Beach.[65]

Media[]

Portsmouth's daily newspaper is the Virginian-Pilot with The Currents being the Portsmouth edition of the Sunday paper. Other papers include the New Journal and Guide, and Inside Business.[66] Hampton Roads Magazine serves as a bi-monthly regional magazine for Portsmouth and the Hampton Roads area.[67] The Hampton Roads Times serves as an online magazine for all the Hampton Roads cities and counties. Portsmouth is served by a variety of radio stations on the AM and FM dials, with towers located around the Hampton Roads area.[68]

Portsmouth is also served by several television stations. The Hampton Roads designated market area (DMA) is the 42nd largest in the U.S. with 712,790 homes (0.64% of the total U.S.).[69] The major network television affiliates are WTKR-TV 3 (CBS), WAVY 10 (NBC), WVEC-TV 13 (ABC), WGNT 27 (CW), WTVZ 33 (MyNetworkTV), WVBT 43 (Fox), and WPXV 49 (ION Television). The Public Broadcasting Service stations are WHRO-TV 15, Hampton/Norfolk and WUND-TV 2, Edenton, NC. Portsmouth residents also can receive independent stations, such as WSKY broadcasting on channel 4 from the Outer Banks of North Carolina and WGBS-LD broadcasting on channel 11 from Hampton. Portsmouth is served by Cox Cable and Verizon FIOS. DirecTV and Dish Network are also popular as an alternative to cable television in Portsmouth. WAVY-TV and WVBT-TV are both sister stations owned by Nexstar and have their office and studio located in the city.[citation needed]

Infrastructure[]

Transportation[]

From the earliest development, Portsmouth has been oriented to the water. In the 1830s, it was the first community in Hampton Roads to receive a new land transportation innovation, railroad service. The Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad, a predecessor of the Seaboard Air Line Railroad, extended to the rapids of the Roanoke River on its fall line near Weldon, North Carolina. It was to be 20 more years before its bigger neighbor, the city of Norfolk, also received a rail line, in 1858, when the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad was completed.[citation needed] The Seaboard Air Line and then the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad operated #17 and #18 to and from Raleigh, North Carolina, where the train met with those companies' Silver Comet.[70] The 17/18 trains ended in 1968.[71]

Portsmouth is primarily served by the Norfolk International Airport (IATA: ORF, ICAO: KORF, FAA LID: ORF), now the region's major commercial airport. The airport is located near Chesapeake Bay, along the city limits of neighboring Norfolk and Virginia Beach.[72] Seven airlines provide nonstop services to twenty-five destinations. ORF had 3,703,664 passengers take off or land at its facility and 68,778,934 pounds of cargo were processed through its facilities.[73] Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport (IATA: PHF, ICAO: KPHF, FAA LID: PHF) also provides commercial air service for the Hampton Roads area.[74] The Chesapeake Regional Airport provides general aviation services and is located five miles (8 km) outside the city limits.[75]

In the 21st century, the city has access to lines of CSX Transportation, Norfolk Southern and three short line railroads. Amtrak provides service to points along the Northeast Corridor from Newport News station across the Hampton Roads, and from Norfolk station across the Elizabeth River.

Portsmouth is served by Interstate 264 and Interstate 664, which is part of the Hampton Roads Beltway. U.S. Route 17 and U.S. Route 58 pass through. The Elizabeth River is crossed via the Midtown Tunnel, the Downtown Tunnel and Berkley Bridge combination.[citation needed]

Transportation within the city, as well as the other cities of Hampton Roads, is served by a regional bus service, Hampton Roads Transit.[76]

Notable people[]

  • V. C. Andrews (1923-1986), bestselling novelist [77]
  • James P. Berkeley (1907-1985), USMC general and expert in Military communications
  • Marty Brennaman (1942-), long-time Cincinnati Reds radio broadcaster
  • Ruth Brown (1928-2006), R&B singer and actress[78]
  • Bebe Buell (1953-), Playboy Playmate, fashion model, singer, mother of Liv Tyler[citation needed]
  • John T. Casteen III (1943-), President of the University of Virginia, born in Portsmouth[79]
  • Fanny Murdaugh Downing (1831-1894), author and poet
  • Jamin Elliott (1979-), former NFL wide receiver with the Chicago Bears, New England Patriots, and Atlanta Falcons[80]
  • Missy Elliott (1971-), recording artist, award-winning producer, singer-songwriter, dancer, actress and clothing line designer[81]
  • Perry Ellis (1940-1986), fashion designer, founded a sportswear house in the mid-1970s[82]
  • Dorian Finney-Smith (1993-), Professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks[citation needed]
  • Mordechai Gifter (1915-2001), among the foremost American religious leaders of Orthodox Jewry in the late 20th century[83]
  • Melvin Gregg (1988-), American actor and model[84]
  • Chandler Harper, (1914-2004), winner of the 1950 PGA golf championship[85]
  • Ken Hatfield (musician), classical guitarist
  • James W. Holley, III (1926-2012), politician, first African-American mayor of any Hampton Roads City[86]
  • W. Nathaniel "Nat" Howell (1939-2020), State Dept. Foreign Service officer, former Ambassador to Kuwait; Professor emeritus, the University of Virginia[87]
  • Chad Hugo (1974-), American record producer and songwriter
  • Ben Jones, actor "Cooter" on The Dukes of Hazzard; U.S. Congressman, moved to Portsmouth as a child[88]
  • Jillian Kesner-Graver (1949-2007), actress[89]
  • Jack T. Kirby (1938-2009), historian of the southern United States, awarded the Bancroft Prize for his 2006 book Mockingbird Song: Ecological Landscapes of the South[90]
  • Erik S. Kristensen (1972-2005), US Navy SEAL Lieutenant Commander and highest decorated SEAL to be killed in Operation Red Wings
  • Rita Lavelle (1947–), assistant administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Nathan McCall (1955-), African-American author who grew up in the Cavalier Manor section of Portsmouth, Virginia[91]
  • Pete Mikolajewski (1943-), football player[92]
  • James Murphy (1967-), metal guitarist, member of the bands Death, Testament, Obituary and Disincarnate[citation needed]
  • Wendell Cushing Neville (1870-1930), 14th Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps
  • Tommy Newsom (1929-2007), assistant bandleader for the Johnny Carson Band[93]
  • Patton Oswalt (1969-), writer, stand-up comedian, and actor[94]
  • John L. Porter (1813-1893), President of the first City Council, a naval constructor for United States Navy and the Confederate States Navy.
  • Dave Robertson (1889-1970), MLB outfielder 1912–22, played in World Series for New York Giants; born in Portsmouth
  • William Russ (1950-), actor
  • Dave Smith (1942-), poet, novelist
  • Wanda Sykes (1964-), writer, stand-up comedian, and actress[95]
  • Ted Thomas, Sr. (1935-), Pentecostal African-American preacher, pastor of New Community Temple Church of God in Christ[citation needed]
  • Mike Watt (1957-), bassist, singer and songwriter[96]
  • Nicole Wray, R&B singer and songwriter[citation needed]

Sister cities[]

  • Portsmouth, United Kingdom
  • Dunedin, New Zealand
  • Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
  • Eldoret, Kenya
  • Goree Island, Senegal

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. ^ Official records for Norfolk kept January 1874 to December 1945 at the Weather Bureau Office in downtown, and at Norfolk Int'l since January 1946. For more information, see Threadex.

References[]

  1. ^ "City of Portsmouth - Olde Towne Portsmouth, VA". Olde Town Portsmouth, VA. Retrieved 2019-12-19.
  2. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  5. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 17, 2016. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b City of Portsmouth, Virginia - History Archived 2007-06-04 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ Baker, Barnabas W.; Burgess, Dean. "William Craford (d. by April 15, 1762)". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Report of the Philadelphia Relief Committee. Philadelphia: Inquirer Printing Office. 1856. pp. 1–5. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Maps and Formation Information: Portsmouth". County and City Records. Richmond: Library of Virginia. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  11. ^ Ernie Gross (1990). This Day in American History. Neal-Schuman. ISBN 978-1-55570-046-1.
  12. ^ Federal Writers' Project 1941.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hellmann 2006.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b "Portsmouth History". City of Portsmouth. Retrieved March 18, 2017. (Timeline)
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
  16. ^ Forrest 1856.
  17. ^ Pollock 1886.
  18. ^ Stewart 1902.
  19. ^ "Encyclopedia Virginia". Charlottesville: Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. Archived from the original on May 3, 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
  20. ^ Burns, Adam. "American Rails". Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  21. ^ John D. Eyre, “City-County Territorial Competition: The Portsmouth, Virginia Case”, Southeastern Geographer, Vol. 9, No. 2, An Issue Devoted to Political Geography (November, 1969), pp. 26-38
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b "Movie Theaters in Portsmouth, VA". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  23. ^ John D. Eyre, “City-County Territorial Competition: The Portsmouth, Virginia Case”, Southeastern Geographer, Vol. 9, No. 2, An Issue Devoted to Political Geography (November, 1969), pp. 26-38
  24. ^ John D. Eyre, “City-County Territorial Competition: The Portsmouth, Virginia Case”, Southeastern Geographer, Vol. 9, No. 2, An Issue Devoted to Political Geography (November, 1969), pp. 26-38
  25. ^ "Portsmouth, Virginia". Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities. Jackson, Mississippi: Goldring / Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  26. ^ John D. Eyre, “City-County Territorial Competition: The Portsmouth, Virginia Case”, Southeastern Geographer, Vol. 9, No. 2, An Issue Devoted to Political Geography (November, 1969), pp. 26-38
  27. ^ Jump up to: a b c American Association for State and Local History (2002). "Virginia: Portsmouth". Directory of Historical Organizations in the United States and Canada (15th ed.). p. 830. ISBN 0759100020.
  28. ^ John D. Eyre, “City-County Territorial Competition: The Portsmouth, Virginia Case”, Southeastern Geographer, Vol. 9, No. 2, An Issue Devoted to Political Geography (November, 1969), pp. 26-38
  29. ^ "Local History". Portsmouth Public Library. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  30. ^ John D. Eyre, “City-County Territorial Competition: The Portsmouth, Virginia Case”, Southeastern Geographer, Vol. 9, No. 2, An Issue Devoted to Political Geography (November, 1969), pp. 26-38
  31. ^ "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  32. ^ "Virginia". Official Congressional Directory. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1993. hdl:2027/uc1.l0072691827 – via HathiTrust.
  33. ^ "Virginia". Official Congressional Directory. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 2002. hdl:2027/msu.31293021143627.
  34. ^ "Portsmouth city, Virginia". QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b "City Council". City of Portsmouth. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  36. ^ Portsmouth, Virginia, Department of Economic Development
  37. ^ Hoyer, Meghan (5 July 2010). "What's in a name? | The Pass House in Portsmouth". Virginian-Pilot. Norfolk, Virginia. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  38. ^ "Walking Tour: An Exciting Stroll Through History". Welcome to Olde Towne. Olde Towne Business Association. n.d. During the Civil War, the basement of the house was used as an office for the provost-marshal. It was here that the Union occupation issued passes to cross the ferry to Norfolk. Citizens had to swear allegiance to the Union to be permitted to leave the city. This house is an excellent example of an English basement house.
  39. ^ "Med.navy.mil". Naval Medical Center Portsmouth. US Navy. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
  40. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  41. ^ Jump up to: a b "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  42. ^ Information from NOAA.
  43. ^ "Quick Data View Norfolk." National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1971–2000.
  44. ^ "Station: NORFOLK INTL AP, VA". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  45. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for NORFOLK/INTL, VA 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  46. ^ "Norfolk, Virginia, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  47. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
  48. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
  49. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
  50. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
  51. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  52. ^ Census.gov
  53. ^ Topic Galleries - dailypress.com Archived October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  54. ^ Robert Dinwiddie - Ohio History Central - A product of the Ohio Historical Society
  55. ^ Pokey Smokey locomotive
  56. ^ PilotOnline.com - Portsmouth's Pokey Smokey is sold to N.C. railroad contractor
  57. ^ Ederville - official website
  58. ^ "Railroad Museum of Virginia". www.railroadmuseumofvirginia.com. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  59. ^ David Leip. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
  60. ^ Regina Mobley, WAVY TV, February 4, 2020, "Projected new Portsmouth Mayor Shannon Glover: ‘We have to heal our city’" https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/portsmouth/projected-new-portsmouth-mayor-shannon-glover-we-have-to-heal-our-city/
  61. ^ "Mayors of Portsmouth". Sketch Book of Portsmouth, Va: Its People and Its Trade. Portsmouth: Edward Pollock. 1886.
  62. ^ Jump up to: a b c William H. Stewart (1902). "Mayors of Portsmouth". History of Norfolk County, Virginia and Representative Citizens. Chicago: Biographical Publishing Company.
  63. ^ City of Portsmouth, Virginia, Mayor's Annual Message: Together with Municipal Reports circa 1916-
  64. ^ "About ODU - Old Dominion University". ODU. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  65. ^ "About Tidewater Community College". TCC. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  66. ^ "Hampton Roads Magazine". Hampton Roads Magazine. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  67. ^ Holmes, Gary. "Nielsen Reports 1.1% increase in U.S. Television Households for the 2006-2007 Season Archived 2009-07-05 at the Wayback Machine." Nielsen Media Research. September 23, 2006. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  68. ^ Seaboard Coast Line timetable, December 15, 1967, Tables 6, 20
  69. ^ Official Guide of the Railways, June 1968, Seaboard Coast Line section, freight only.
  70. ^ "Norfolk International Airport Mission and History". Norfolk International Airport. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  71. ^ "Norfolk International Airport Statistics" (PDF). Norfolk International Airport. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  72. ^ "Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport". Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport. Archived from the original on 2000-12-04. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  73. ^ "Chesapeake Regional Airport". Retrieved 2008-01-12.
  74. ^ Hampton Roads Transit
  75. ^ Campbell, Edward D. C., Jr. (July 8, 2013). "V. C. Andrews (1923-1986)". Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Encyclopedia Virginia.
  76. ^ Gulla, Bob (2008). Icons of R&B and Soul, p. 72. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  77. ^ "49th TCC Commencement". Tidewater Community College. October 27, 2009.
  78. ^ "Jamin Elliott, WR at NFL.com". National Football League.
  79. ^ "Missy Elliott Biography". The Biography.com website. A&E Television Networks.
  80. ^ "Perry Ellis Biography". The Biography.com website. A&E Television Networks. Archived from the original on 2019-02-22. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
  81. ^ Gerber, Alan Jay (January 19, 2012). "The Kosher Bookworm From Portsmouth Virginia to Telz The Legacy of Rabbi Mordechai Gifter". The Jewish Star.
  82. ^ Poulter, Amy. "He took his first acting class at ODU. On Friday, his first major movie, starring Ben Affleck, hits theaters". pilotonline.com.
  83. ^ Litsky, Frank (November 12, 2004). "Chandler Harper, Winner of 7 Professional Golf Tournaments, Dies at 90". The New York Times.
  84. ^ Forster, Dave; Harki, Gary (October 6, 2012). "Former Portsmouth Mayor James Holley dies at 85". The Virginian-Pilot.
  85. ^ Baker, Peter (February 4, 1991). "Va. City Lays Claim to War's 1st Hero". The Washington Post.
  86. ^ "Ben Jones: A Conversation". Georgia Public Broadcasting.
  87. ^ "Finishing Welles' film became her mission". Los Angeles Times. December 21, 2007.
  88. ^ Hevesi, Dennis. "Jack T. Kirby, Southern Historian, Dies at 70", The New York Times, August 13, 2009. Accessed August 14, 2009.
  89. ^ Washington, Nicholas L. (April 15, 2014). "Nathan McCall: 20 Years After 'Makes Me Wanna Holler'". Ebony.
  90. ^ "Pete Mikolajewski". Profootballarchives.com. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  91. ^ Bernstein, Adam (May 1, 2007). "Jazz Saxophonist Tommy Newsom; Played on 'Tonight Show'". The Washington Post.
  92. ^ "Patton Oswalt Biography". biography.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  93. ^ Kiehl, Stephen. "A wonderful year for Wanda Sykes". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
  94. ^ Sutherland, Sam (March 24, 2007). "Mike Watt on What's Watt". Exclaim!. Retrieved March 18, 2019.

Bibliography[]

External links[]

Retrieved from ""