Potassium bicarbonate

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Not to be confused with Sodium hydrogencarbonate.
Potassium hydrogencarbonate
Potassium bicarbonate
Names
IUPAC name
potassium hydrogencarbonate
Other names
potassium bicarbonate, potassium acid carbonate
Identifiers
  • 298-14-6 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.005.509 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 206-059-0
E number E501(ii) (acidity regulators, ...)
UNII
Properties
KHCO3
Molar mass 100.115 g/mol
Appearance white crystals
Odor odorless
Density 2.17 g/cm3
Melting point 292 °C (558 °F; 565 K) (decomposes)
22.4 g/100 mL (20 °C)[1]
Solubility practically insoluble in alcohol
Acidity (pKa) 10.329[2]

6.351 (carbonic acid)[2]

Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 -963.2 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
A12BA04 (WHO)
Hazards
Safety data sheet MSDS
R-phrases (outdated) R36 R37 R38
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
1
0
0
Flash point Non-Flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 > 2000 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Other anions
 Potassium carbonate
Other cations
 Sodium hydrogencarbonate
Related compounds
 Potassium bisulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N  (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Potassium hydrogencarbonate (also known by archaic name potassium bicarbonate or potassium acid carbonate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula KHCO3. It is a white solid.[1]

A fire extinguisher containing potassium hydrogencarbonate

Production and reactivity[]

It is manufactured by treating an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate with carbon dioxide:[1]

K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 KHCO3

Decomposition of the hydrogencarbonate occurs between 100 and 120 °C (212 and 248 °F):

2 KHCO3 → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

This reaction is employed to prepare high purity potassium carbonate.

Uses[]

Food and drink[]

This compound is a source of carbon dioxide for leavening in baking. It can substitute for baking soda (sodium hydrogencarbonate) for those with a low-sodium diet,[3] and it is an ingredient in low-sodium baking powders.[4][5]

As an inexpensive, nontoxic base, it is widely used in diverse application to regulate pH or as a reagent. Examples include as buffering agent in medications, an additive in winemaking.

Potassium hydrogencarbonate is often found added to club soda to improve taste,[6] and to soften the effect of effervescence.

Fire extinguishers[]

Potassium hydrogencarbonate is used as a fire suppression agent ("BC dry chemical") in some dry chemical fire extinguishers, as the principal component of the Purple-K dry chemical, and in some applications of condensed aerosol fire suppression. It is the only dry chemical fire suppression agent recognized by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association for firefighting at airport crash rescue sites. It is about twice as effective in fire suppression as sodium hydrogencarbonate.[7]

Agriculture[]

Potassium hydrogencarbonate has widespread use in crops, especially for neutralizing acidic soil.[8]

Potassium hydrogencarbonate is an effective fungicide against powdery mildew and apple scab, allowed for use in organic farming.[9][10][11][12] Potassium hydrogencarbonate is a contact killer for Spanish moss when mixed 1/4 cup per gallon.[13]

History[]

The word saleratus, from Latin sal æratus meaning "aerated salt", first used in the nineteenth century, refers to both potassium hydrogencarbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate.[14]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c H. Schultz, G. Bauer, E. Schachl, F. Hagedorn, P. Schmittinger (2005). "Potassium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_039. ISBN 3527306730.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Goldberg, Robert N.; Kishore, Nand; Lennen, Rebecca M. (2003). "Thermodynamic quantities for the ionization reactions of buffers in water". In David R. Lide (ed.). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics (84th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 7–13. ISBN 978-0-8493-0595-5. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  3. ^ "Potassium Bicarbonate". encyclopedia.com. Cengage. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  4. ^ "Home cooking with less salt". harvard.edu. Harvard University. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  5. ^ Wilkens, Katy G. "You Have the (Baking) Power with Low-Sodium Baking Powders". agingkingcounty.org. Aging & Disability Services for Seattle & King County. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  6. ^ "Why Your Bottled Water Contains Four Different Ingredients". Time Magazine.
  7. ^ "Purple-K-Powder". US Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  8. ^ "Potassium Bicarbonate Handbook" (PDF). Armand Products Company.
  9. ^ "Use of Baking Soda as a Fungicide". Archived from the original on 2010-05-07. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  10. ^ "Powdery Mildew - Sustainable Gardening Australia". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
  11. ^ "Organic Fruit Production in Michigan".
  12. ^ "Efficacy of Armicarb (potassium bicarbonate) against scab and sooty blotch on apples" (PDF).
  13. ^ "How to Toss Your Spanish Moss". SkyFrog landscape company.
  14. ^ "saleratus". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved May 29, 2020.

External links[]

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