Tripotassium phosphate

Tripotassium phosphate
	; Unit cell of tripotassium phosphate.
Names
	IUPAC name Potassium phosphate
	Systematic IUPAC name Potassium tetraoxidophosphate(3−)
	Other names Potassium phosphate, tribasic
Identifiers
CAS Number	7778-53-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	56408 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.006
EC Number	231-907-1;
E number	E340(iii) (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID	62657;
UNII	16D59922JU ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3043994 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3 Key: LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K ;
	SMILES [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	K3PO4
Molar mass	212.27 g/mol
Appearance	White deliquescent powder
Density	2.564 g/cm3 (17 °C)
Melting point	1,380 °C (2,520 °F; 1,650 K)
Solubility in water	90 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility in ethanol	Insoluble
Basicity (pKb)	1.6
Structure
Crystal structure	Primitive orthorhombic
Space group	Pnma, No. 62
Lattice constant	a = 1.123772 nm, b = 0.810461 nm, c = 0.592271 nm
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Irritant
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H319
Precautionary statements	P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS)	MSDS
Related compounds
Other cations	Trisodium phosphate; Triammonium phosphate; Tricalcium phosphate
Related compounds	Monopotassium phosphate; Dipotassium phosphate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	(what is ?)
	Infobox references

Tripotassium phosphate, also called tribasic potassium phosphate^[3] is a water-soluble salt with the chemical formula K₃PO₄^.(H₂O)_x (x = 0, 3, 7, 9).^[4] Tripotassium phosphate is basic.

Production[]

Tripotassium phosphate is produced by the neutralization of phosphoric acid:^[4] ${\ce {H3PO4 + 3KOH -> K3PO4 + 3H2O}}$

Use in organic chemistry[]

K3PO4

Tripotassium phosphate has few industrial applications except as a reagent in organic synthesis, where it has been used as a catalyst. Some of the reactions catalysed by ${\ce {K3PO4}}$ are listed below:

The hydrate ( ${\ce {K3PO4\cdot H2O}}$ ) has been used to catalyze the deprotection of BOC amines. Microwave radiation is used to aid the reaction.^[5]
As a catalyst for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl ethers using [Bmim] ${\ce {BF4}}$ as the solvent. Aryl methane-sulfonates are deprotected and then followed by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) with activated aryl halides.^[6]
As a base in the cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with terminal alkynes. It also plays a role in the deacetonation of 4-aryl-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol intermediates.^[7]
As the base in the cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and phenols or aliphatic alcohols.^[8]

Hazards[]

It is somewhat basic: a 1% aqueous solution has a pH of 11.8.^[4]

References[]

^ ^a ^b Voronin, V. I.; Ponosov, Yu. S.; Berger, I. F.; Proskurnina, N. V.; Zubkov, V. G.; Tyutyunnik, A. P.; Bushmeleva, S. N.; Balagurov, A. M.; Sheptyakov, D. V.; Burmakin, E. I.; Shekhtman, G. Sh.; Vovkotrub, E. G. (2006). "Crystal structure of the low-temperature form of K3PO4". Inorganic Materials. 42 (8): 908–913. doi:10.1134/S0020168506080206. S2CID 92351896.
^ "Potassium phosphate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
^ "Potassium phosphate tribasic P5629". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c Klaus Schrödter; Gerhard Bettermann; Thomas Staffel; Friedrich Wahl; Thomas Klein; Thomas Hofmann (2012). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3.
^ Dandepally, Srinivasa Reddy; Williams, Alfred L. (2009-03-04). "Microwave-assisted N-Boc deprotection under mild basic conditions using K3PO4·H2O in MeOH". Tetrahedron Letters. 50 (9): 1071–1074. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.12.074. ISSN 0040-4039.
^ Xu, Hui; Chen, Yang (2007-04-30). "C(aryl)-O Bond Formation from Aryl Methanesulfonates via Consecutive Deprotection and S_NAr Reactions with Aryl Halides in an Ionic Liquid". Molecules. 12 (4): 861–867. doi:10.3390/12040861. PMC 6149384. PMID 17851438.
^ Shirakawa, Eiji; Kitabata, Takaaki; Otsuka, Hidehito; Tsuchimoto, Teruhisa (2005-10-10). "A simple catalyst system for the palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes". Tetrahedron. 61 (41): 9878–9885. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.099. ISSN 0040-4020.
^ Niu, Jiajia; Zhou, Hua; Li, Zhigang; Xu, Jingwei; Hu, Shaojing (2008-10-03). "An Efficient Ullmann-Type C−O Bond Formation Catalyzed by an Air-Stable Copper(I)−Bipyridyl Complex". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 73 (19): 7814–7817. doi:10.1021/jo801002c. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 18771324.

[autogenerated2-1] Voronin, V. I.; Ponosov, Yu. S.; Berger, I. F.; Proskurnina, N. V.; Zubkov, V. G.; Tyutyunnik, A. P.; Bushmeleva, S. N.; Balagurov, A. M.; Sheptyakov, D. V.; Burmakin, E. I.; Shekhtman, G. Sh.; Vovkotrub, E. G. (2006). "Crystal structure of the low-temperature form of K3PO4". Inorganic Materials. 42 (8): 908–913. doi:10.1134/S0020168506080206. S2CID 92351896.

[2] "Potassium phosphate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

[autogenerated4-3] "Potassium phosphate tribasic P5629". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2018-04-27.

[Ullmann-4] Klaus Schrödter; Gerhard Bettermann; Thomas Staffel; Friedrich Wahl; Thomas Klein; Thomas Hofmann (2012). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3.

[5] Dandepally, Srinivasa Reddy; Williams, Alfred L. (2009-03-04). "Microwave-assisted N-Boc deprotection under mild basic conditions using K3PO4·H2O in MeOH". Tetrahedron Letters. 50 (9): 1071–1074. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.12.074. ISSN 0040-4039.

[6] Xu, Hui; Chen, Yang (2007-04-30). "C(aryl)-O Bond Formation from Aryl Methanesulfonates via Consecutive Deprotection and S_NAr Reactions with Aryl Halides in an Ionic Liquid". Molecules. 12 (4): 861–867. doi:10.3390/12040861. PMC 6149384. PMID 17851438.

[7] Shirakawa, Eiji; Kitabata, Takaaki; Otsuka, Hidehito; Tsuchimoto, Teruhisa (2005-10-10). "A simple catalyst system for the palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes". Tetrahedron. 61 (41): 9878–9885. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.099. ISSN 0040-4020.

[8] Niu, Jiajia; Zhou, Hua; Li, Zhigang; Xu, Jingwei; Hu, Shaojing (2008-10-03). "An Efficient Ullmann-Type C−O Bond Formation Catalyzed by an Air-Stable Copper(I)−Bipyridyl Complex". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 73 (19): 7814–7817. doi:10.1021/jo801002c. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 18771324.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

Names

Unit cell of tripotassium phosphate.
IUPAC name Potassium phosphate
Systematic IUPAC name Potassium tetraoxidophosphate(3−)
Other names Potassium phosphate, tribasic
Identifiers
CAS Number	7778-53-2^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	56408^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.006
EC Number	231-907-1
E number	E340(iii) (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID	62657
UNII	16D59922JU^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3043994
InChI InChI=1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3^Y Key: LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K^Y
SMILES [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O
Properties
Chemical formula	K₃PO₄
Molar mass	212.27 g/mol
Appearance	White deliquescent powder
Density	2.564 g/cm³ (17 °C)
Melting point	1,380 °C (2,520 °F; 1,650 K)
Solubility in water	90 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility in ethanol	Insoluble
Basicity (pK_b)	1.6
Structure^[1]
Crystal structure	Primitive orthorhombic
Space group	Pnma, No. 62
Lattice constant	a = 1.123772 nm, b = 0.810461 nm, c = 0.592271 nm^[1]
Hazards^[2]
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Irritant
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H319
Precautionary statements	P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS)	MSDS
Related compounds
Other cations	Trisodium phosphate Triammonium phosphate Tricalcium phosphate
Related compounds	Monopotassium phosphate Dipotassium phosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references