Prime Minister of Sweden
Prime Minister of Sweden | |
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Sveriges statsminister | |
Style | Madam Prime Minister (informal) Her Excellency (diplomatic) |
Member of |
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Reports to | Riksdag |
Residence | Sager House Harpsund |
Seat | Rosenbad, Stockholm, Sweden |
Nominator | Riksdag |
Appointer | Speaker |
Term length | No term limit |
Constituting instrument | 1974 Instrument of Government |
Inaugural holder | Louis Gerhard De Geer |
Formation | 20 March 1876 |
Deputy | Deputy Prime Minister |
Salary | 2,112,000 kr annually |
Website | Prime Minister's Office |
Politics of Sweden |
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The prime minister (Swedish: statsminister [ˈstâtsmɪˌnɪstɛr] (listen); literally "Minister of State") is the head of government in Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a prime minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the king, in whom the executive authority was vested. Louis Gerhard De Geer, the architect behind the new bicameral Riksdag of 1866 that replaced the centuries-old Riksdag of the Estates, became the first officeholder in 1876.
Unlike most prime ministers in parliamentary systems, the prime minister is both de jure and de facto chief executive. This is because the Instrument of Government explicitly vest executive power in the government, of which the prime minister is the leader.
Magdalena Andersson, leader of Swedish Social Democratic Party, was installed as the prime minister on 30 November 2021 following the resignation of Stefan Löfven of same party in June. She became the first female prime minister to be elected.
History[]
Before 1876, when the office of a single prime minister was created, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from the King. Historically though, the most senior member of the Privy Council (during the absolute rule this was the Lord High Chancellor) had certain similarities to the office of a head of government. This was most evident during the so-called Age of Liberty from 1718 to 1772, when powers of the Monarch were greatly reduced and the President of the Privy Council became the most powerful political figure in Sweden.
At the adoption of the new Instrument of Government of 1809, the two offices of Prime Minister for Justice (Swedish: justitiestatsminister) and Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs (Swedish: utrikesstatsminister) were created, though their roles were no more than just the heads of their respective ministries. When the office of the prime minister was created in 1876, the prime ministers for justice and foreign affairs were thus subsequently demoted to Minister for Justice and Minister for Foreign Affairs. Unlike the minister for justice, the minister for foreign affairs did however continue to be styled as "Excellency", an honour shared only with the Prime Minister.[1][2] After 1917, it was no longer possible for a monarch to appoint the prime minister and the councillors of state (cabinet ministers) at their own discretion, or keep them in office against the will of the Riksdag.[3] From that time onward, while the king still formally appointed the prime minister, in practice he was required to appoint the leader of the majority party in the Riksdag, or the leader of the senior partner in the majority coalition. While the provision in the Instrument of Government stating that "the King alone shall govern the realm" remained unchanged, it was now understood that the King was required to exercise his powers through the ministers and act on their advice. Over time, the ministers came to de facto exercise the Royal prerogatives. However, the Swedish term used for the Government during this period, still was Kungl. Maj:t, an abbreviation of Kunglig Majestät (English: Royal Majesty).
Until 1974, the executive authority in Sweden had been exercised through the King in Council. Constitutional reform provided a new Instrument of Government which de jure established the parliamentary system and created a cabinet government with constitutional powers not derived from the Crown. At the same time, it stripped the monarchy of even nominal political powers, making the cabinet the country's executive authority in both name and in fact.
Duties[]
The Instrument of Government requires that the prime minister appoint a member of the cabinet as Deputy Prime Minister, to perform the duties of the prime minister if the prime minister cannot. However, if a deputy prime minister is absent or has not been appointed, the senior minister in the cabinet becomes acting head of government. If more than one minister has equal tenure, the eldest assumes the position (see Swedish governmental line of succession for the present governmental line of succession).
Constitutionally, the prime minister's position is stronger than that of his counterparts in Denmark and Norway. Since 1975, the prime minister has been both de jure and de facto chief executive, with powers and duties specifically enumerated in the Instrument of Government. In the two neighboring Scandinavian monarchies, the monarch is the nominal chief executive, but is bound by convention to act on the advice of the ministers. However, the so-called Torekov Compromise reached in 1971 by the major political parties, codified with the Instrument of Government that went into effect in 1975, stripped the Swedish monarch of even a nominal role in governmental affairs, thus codifying actual practices that had been in place since the definitive establishment of parliamentary government in 1917.
Process[]
Appointment[]
To appoint a new prime minister, the speaker of the Riksdag holds consultations with party leaders to propose a candidate to be submitted for approval to the Riksdag.[4]
The speaker's proposed candidate is then elected through negative parliamentarism. In practice, this means that the prime minister nominee is confirmed if fewer than 175 MPs vote 'no', regardless of the number of 'yes' votes or abstentions.[5] This is described as being "tolerated" by a majority of the Riksdag.[6]
After approval by the Riksdag, the new prime minister-designate must inform the Riksdag which ministers he or she has chosen to make up the new government.
The formal change of government, and thus the start of the term for the new Prime Minister takes place at a Council of State at the Royal Palace. This is a government meeting chaired by the King, currently Carl XVI Gustaf. During this meeting, the speaker gives an account of the nomination and election process. The king then announces that a change of government has taken place, finalising the appointment of the new Prime Minister and their government.[7]
Resignation[]
Whenever a prime minister resigns, dies, or is forced from office by the Riksdag, the speaker of the Riksdag asks the prime minister (or their deputy) to keep the government as a caretaker government until the new government takes office. [7]
With the exception of the prime minister, cabinet ministers (Swedish: statsråd [ˈstatsroːd] (listen)) do not need the approval of the Riksdag, but they can be forced to resign by a vote of no confidence.[8] If the prime minister is forced by a vote of no confidence to resign, the entire cabinet falls, and the process of electing a new prime minister starts. The prime minister can dissolve the Riksdag, even after receiving a vote of no confidence, except during the first three months after an election.[7]
Amenities[]
Office and residences[]
The government offices, including the prime minister's office, are located at Rosenbad in central Stockholm, straight across the water from the Riksdag building on Helgeandsholmen.
In 1991 Sager House (or the "Sager Palace" as it was previously called) was acquired, and since 1995 it has served as the private residence of the prime minister.
Harpsund, a manor house in Flen Municipality, Södermanland County, has served as a country residence for the prime minister since 1953. The manor is also frequently used for governmental conferences and informal summits between the government, industry and organisations in Sweden.
Salary[]
The salaries of the cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, is decided by and is the subject of annual review by the Statsrådsarvodesnämnden ("Cabinet Ministers' Salary Committee") of the Riksdag. Since 1 July 2019 the prime minister's monthly salary is 176,000 SEK.[9]
List of prime ministers[]
Living former prime ministers[]
Ingvar Carlsson
born 9 November 1934
served 1986–1991 and 1994–1996Carl Bildt
born 15 July 1949
served 1991–1994Göran Persson
born 20 January 1949
served 1996–2006Fredrik Reinfeldt
born 4 August 1965
served 2006–2014Stefan Löfven
born 21 July 1957
served 2014–2021
Office and residences[]
The Rosenbad building has functioned as the Prime Minister's Office (Statsrådsberedningen) since 1981.
The Sager House is the Prime Minister's official residence.
Harpsund Manor has been used as the Prime Minister's country residence since 1953.
Kanslihuset was where the Prime Minister's Office was located prior to 1981. Nowadays it houses offices of the Riksdag.
See also[]
- Air transports of heads of state and government
- Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden
- Elections in Sweden
- Official state car
- Swedish governmental line of succession
- List of prime ministers of Sweden
- List of cabinets of Sweden
- List of Swedish politicians
- List of spouses of Swedish prime ministers
References[]
- ^ Sveriges statskalender 1915, runeberg.org. Retrieved 12 June 2013.(in Swedish)
- ^ Sveriges statskalender 1964, runeberg.org. Retrieved 12 June 2013.(in Swedish)
- ^ Lewin, Leif (1 May 2007). "Majoritarian and Consensus Democracy: the Swedish Experience". Scandinavian Political Studies. 21 (3): 195–206. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1998.tb00012.x.
- ^ "Forming a government". Sveriges Riksdag. 6 December 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- ^ Regeringskansliet, Regeringen och (5 November 2014). "Så bildas regeringen". Regeringskansliet (in Swedish). Retrieved 18 November 2019.
- ^ "The Constitution of Sweden - The Fundamental Laws and the Riksdag Act" (PDF). Sveriges Riksdag. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Riksdagsförvaltningen. "Forming a government". www.riksdagen.se. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ Riksdagsförvaltningen. "Examines the work of the Government". www.riksdagen.se. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
- ^ "Statsrådsarvoden och ersättningar" (in Swedish). Government of Sweden. 1 July 2019.
Bibliography[]
- The Instrument of Government (PDF). Stockholm: The Riksdag. 2012.
- The Riksdag Act (PDF). Stockholm: The Riksdag. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2013.
- Larsson, Torbjörn; Bäck, Henry (2008). Governing and Governance in Sweden. Lund: Studentlitteratur AB. ISBN 978-91-44-03682-3.
- Petersson, Olof (2010). Den offentliga makten (in Swedish). Stockholm: SNS Förlag. ISBN 978-91-86203-66-5.
External links[]
- Prime Minister's Office, official website
- 1876 establishments in Sweden
- Prime Ministers of Sweden