Page semi-protected

Radiohead

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Radiohead
A montage of the members' faces
Radiohead in the mid-2010s. From left to right: Thom Yorke, Jonny Greenwood, Colin Greenwood, Ed O'Brien, and Philip Selway
Background information
OriginAbingdon, Oxfordshire, England
Genres
Years active1985–present
Labels
Associated acts
Websitewww.radiohead.com
Members
  • Thom Yorke
  • Jonny Greenwood
  • Colin Greenwood
  • Ed O'Brien
  • Philip Selway

Radiohead are an English rock band formed in Abingdon, Oxfordshire, in 1985. The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals) and Philip Selway (drums, percussion). They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994. Radiohead's experimental approach is credited with advancing the sound of alternative rock.

After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single, "Creep", in 1992. It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, Pablo Honey (1993). Their popularity and critical standing rose in the UK with the release of their second album, The Bends (1995). Radiohead's third album, OK Computer (1997), brought them international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is acclaimed as a landmark record and one of the best albums in popular music. Kid A (2000) marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from electronic music, jazz, classical music and krautrock. Though Kid A divided listeners, it later attracted wide acclaim. It was followed by Amnesiac (2001), recorded in the same sessions.

Hail to the Thief (2003), with lyrics inspired by the War on Terror, was Radiohead's final album for EMI. Their subsequent releases have pioneered alternative release platforms such as pay-what-you-want and BitTorrent; Radiohead self-released their seventh album, In Rainbows (2007), as a download for which customers could set their own price, to critical and chart success. Their eighth album, The King of Limbs (2011), an exploration of rhythm, was developed using extensive looping and sampling. A Moon Shaped Pool (2016) prominently featured Jonny Greenwood's orchestral arrangements. Yorke, Jonny Greenwood, Selway, and O'Brien have released solo albums; in 2021, Yorke and Greenwood debuted a new band, the Smile.

As of 2011, Radiohead have sold more than 30 million albums worldwide. Their awards include six Grammy Awards and four Ivor Novello Awards. They have achieved seven top 10 hits on the UK Singles Chart: "Creep" (1992), "Street Spirit (Fade Out)" (1996), "Paranoid Android" (1997), "Karma Police" (1997), "No Surprises" (1998), "Pyramid Song" (2001) and "There There" (2003). They have also achieved two top 40 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100. Rolling Stone named Radiohead one of the 100 greatest artists of all time, and Rolling Stone readers voted them the second-best artist of the 2000s. Five Radiohead albums have been included in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time lists, and the band are the most nominated act in Mercury Prize history, with five nominations. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2019.

History

1985–1992: Formation and first years

Abingdon School, where the band formed

The members of Radiohead met while attending Abingdon School, an independent school for boys in Abingdon, Oxfordshire.[1] Guitarist and singer Thom Yorke and bassist Colin Greenwood were in the same year, guitarist Ed O'Brien and drummer Philip Selway the year above, and multi-instrumentalist Jonny Greenwood, brother of Colin, two years below. In 1985, they formed On a Friday, the name referring to their usual rehearsal day in the school's music room.[2] Jonny was the last to join, first on harmonica and then keyboards, but soon became lead guitarist;[2] he had previously been in another band, Illiterate Hands, with musician Nigel Powell and Yorke's brother Andy Yorke.[3] According to Colin, the band members picked their instruments because they wanted to play together, rather than through any particular interest: "It was more of a collective angle, and if you could contribute by having someone else play your instrument, then that was really cool."[4] At one point, On a Friday featured a saxophone section.[5]

The band disliked the school's strict atmosphere—the headmaster once charged them for using a rehearsal room on a Sunday—and found solace in the school's music department. They credited their music teacher for introducing them to jazz, film scores, postwar avant-garde music, and 20th-century classical music.[6] Oxfordshire and the Thames Valley had an active independent music scene in the late 1980s, but it centred on shoegazing bands such as Ride and Slowdive.[7] On the strength of an early demo, On a Friday were offered a record deal by Island Records, but they decided they were not ready and wanted to go to university first.[8]

Advertisement placed in Oxford music magazine Curfew announcing On a Friday's change of name[9]

Although all but Jonny had left Abingdon by 1987 to attend university, On a Friday continued to rehearse on weekends and holidays.[10] At the University of Exeter, Yorke played with the band Headless Chickens, performing songs including future Radiohead material.[11] He also met artist Stanley Donwood, who later created artwork for Radiohead.[12] In 1991, On a Friday regrouped, sharing a house on the corner of Magdalen Road and Ridgefield Road, Oxford.[13]

As On a Friday continued to perform in Oxford, record labels and producers became interested. Chris Hufford, Slowdive's producer and co-owner of Oxford's Courtyard Studios, attended an early On a Friday concert at the Jericho Tavern. Impressed, he and his partner Bryce Edge produced a demo tape and became On a Friday's managers;[10] they remain Radiohead's managers today.[14] In late 1991, after a chance meeting between Colin and A&R representative Keith Wozencroft at Our Price, the record shop where Colin worked,[9] On a Friday signed a six-album recording contract with EMI.[10] At EMI's request, the band changed their name; "Radiohead" was taken from the song "Radio Head" on the Talking Heads album True Stories (1986).[10]

1992–1994: "Creep", Pablo Honey and early success

Radiohead recorded their debut release, the Drill EP, with Hufford and Edge at Courtyard Studios. Released in May 1992, its chart performance was poor. The band enlisted Paul Kolderie and Sean Slade, who had worked with US indie bands Pixies and Dinosaur Jr., to produce their debut album, recorded quickly in an Oxford studio in 1992.[2] With the release of the "Creep" single later that year, Radiohead began to receive attention in the British music press, not all of it favourable; NME described them as "a lily-livered excuse for a rock band",[15] and "Creep" was blacklisted by BBC Radio 1 because it was deemed "too depressing".[16]

Radiohead released their debut album, Pablo Honey, in February 1993. It stalled at number 22 in the UK charts, as "Creep" and its follow-up singles "Anyone Can Play Guitar" and "Stop Whispering" failed to become hits. "Pop Is Dead", a non-album single, also sold poorly; O'Brien later called the track "a hideous mistake".[18] Some critics compared the band's early style to the wave of grunge music popular in the early 1990s, dubbing them "Nirvana-lite",[19] and Pablo Honey failed to make a critical or a commercial impact upon its initial release.[15]

In early 1993, Radiohead began to attract listeners elsewhere. "Creep" had been played frequently on Israeli radio by influential DJ Yoav Kutner, and in March, after the song became a hit in that country, Radiohead were invited to Tel Aviv for their first gig overseas.[20] Around the same time, "Creep" began receiving airplay in US radio stations and rose to number two on the US modern rock chart. By the time Radiohead began their first North American tour in June 1993, the music video for "Creep" was in heavy rotation on MTV.[10] The song entered the lower reaches of the top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and hit number seven in the UK Singles Chart when EMI rereleased it in September.[21]

1994–1995: The Bends, critical recognition and growing fanbase

Radiohead began work on their second album in 1994 with veteran Abbey Road Studios producer John Leckie. Tensions were high, with mounting expectations to match the success of "Creep".[22] Recording felt unnatural in the studio, with the band having over-rehearsed the material.[23] Seeking a change of scenery, they toured the Far East, Australasia and Mexico and found greater confidence performing their new music live.[23] However, troubled by his new fame, Yorke became disillusioned with being "at the sharp end of the sexy, sassy, MTV eye-candy lifestyle" he felt he was helping to sell to the world.[24] The My Iron Lung EP and single, released in 1994, was Radiohead's reaction, marking a transition towards the greater depth they aimed for on their second album.[25] It was Radiohead's first collaboration with their future producer Nigel Godrich, then working under Leckie as an audio engineer,[26] and artist Stanley Donwood, who has produced all of Radiohead's artwork since.[12] Promoted through alternative radio stations, My Iron Lung's sales were better than expected, and suggested that the band had found a loyal fanbase and were not one-hit wonders.[27]

Having introduced more new songs on tour, Radiohead finished recording their second album by the end of 1994, and released The Bends in March 1995. The album was driven by dense riffs and ethereal atmospheres from the three guitarists, with greater use of keyboards than their debut.[2] It received stronger reviews for its songwriting and performances.[15] While Radiohead were seen as outsiders to the Britpop scene that dominated music media at the time, they were finally successful in their home country with The Bends,[7] as singles "Fake Plastic Trees", "High and Dry", "Just", and "Street Spirit (Fade Out)" made their way to chart success; "Street Spirit" placed Radiohead in the top five for the first time.[citation needed] "High and Dry" became a modest hit, but Radiohead's growing fanbase was insufficient to repeat the worldwide success of "Creep". The Bends peaked at No. 88 on the US album charts, which remains Radiohead's lowest showing there.[28] Jonny Greenwood said The Bends had been a "turning point" for Radiohead: "It started appearing in people's [best-of] polls for the end of the year. That's when it started to feel like we made the right choice about being a band."[29] In later years, The Bends appeared in many publications' lists of the best albums of all time,[30] including Rolling Stone's 2012 edition of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" at No. 111.[31]

In 1995, Radiohead again toured North America and Europe, this time in support of R.E.M., one of their formative influences and at the time one of the biggest rock bands in the world.[32] The buzz generated by such famous fans as R.E.M. singer Michael Stipe, along with distinctive music videos for "Just" and "Street Spirit", helped to sustain Radiohead's popularity outside the UK.[33] The night before a performance in Denver, Colorado, Radiohead's tour van was stolen, and with it their musical equipment. Yorke and Jonny Greenwood performed a stripped-down acoustic set with rented instruments and several shows were cancelled.[34][nb 1] Their first live video, Live at the Astoria, was released in 1995.[35]

1995–1998: OK Computer and critical acclaim

Yorke performing with Radiohead in 1998

By late 1995, Radiohead had already recorded one song that would appear on their next record. "Lucky", released as a single to promote the War Child charity's The Help Album,[36] was recorded in a brief session with Nigel Godrich, the young audio engineer who had assisted on The Bends and produced a 1996 B-side, "Talk Show Host". Radiohead decided to self-produce their next album with Godrich, and began work in early 1996. By July they had recorded four songs at their rehearsal studio, Canned Applause, a converted apple shed in the countryside near Didcot, Oxfordshire.[37] In August 1996, Radiohead toured as the opening act for Alanis Morissette.[38] They resumed recording not at a studio but at St. Catherine's Court, a 15th-century mansion near Bath.[39] The sessions were relaxed, with the band playing at all hours of the day, recording in different rooms, and listening to the Beatles, DJ Shadow, Ennio Morricone and Miles Davis for inspiration.[2][29]

Radiohead released their third album, OK Computer, in May 1997. It found the band experimenting with song structures and incorporating ambient, avant-garde and electronic influences, prompting Rolling Stone to call the album a "stunning art-rock tour de force".[40] Radiohead denied being part of the progressive rock genre, but critics began to compare their work to Pink Floyd, whose early 1970s work influenced Jonny Greenwood's guitar parts at the time. Some compared OK Computer thematically to Floyd's bestseller The Dark Side of the Moon (1973),[41] although Yorke said the album's lyrics were inspired by observing the "speed" of the world in the 1990s. Yorke's lyrics, embodying different characters, had expressed what one magazine called "end-of-the-millennium blues"[42] in contrast to the more personal songs of The Bends. According to journalist Alex Ross, Radiohead had become "the poster boys for a certain kind of knowing alienation—as the Talking Heads and R.E.M. had been before".[43] OK Computer received critical acclaim. Yorke said he was "amazed it got the reaction it did. None of us fucking knew any more whether it was good or bad. What really blew my head off was the fact that people got all the things, all the textures and the sounds and the atmospheres we were trying to create."[44]

OK Computer was Radiohead's first number-one UK chart debut, and brought them commercial success around the world. Despite peaking at number 21 in the US charts, the album eventually met with mainstream recognition there, earning Radiohead their first Grammy Awards recognition, winning Best Alternative Album and a nomination for Album of the Year.[45] "Paranoid Android", "Karma Police" and "No Surprises" were released as singles, of which "Karma Police" was most successful internationally.[21] OK Computer went on to become a staple of "best-of" British album lists.[46][47] In the same year, Radiohead became one of the first bands in the world to have a website, and developed a devoted online following; within a few years, there were dozens of fansites devoted to them.[48]

OK Computer was followed by the year-long Against Demons world tour, including Radiohead's first headline Glastonbury Festival performance in 1997.[49] Despite technical problems that almost caused Yorke to abandon the stage, the performance was acclaimed and cemented Radiohead as a major live act.[50] Grant Gee, the director of the "No Surprises" video, filmed the band on tour for the 1999 documentary Meeting People Is Easy.[51] The film portrays the band's disaffection with the music industry and press, showing their burnout over the course of the tour.[2] Since its release, OK Computer is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s[52] and the Generation X era, and one of the greatest albums in recording history.[53][54]

1998–2002: Kid A, Amnesiac and change in sound

In 1998, Radiohead performed at a Paris Amnesty International concert[55] and the Tibetan Freedom Concert.[56] In March, they and Godrich entered Abbey Road Studios to record a song for the 1998 film The Avengers, "Man of War", but were unsatisfied with the results and the song went unreleased.[57] Yorke described the period as a "real low point";[58] he developed depression, and the band came close to splitting up.[59]

Jonny Greenwood has used a variety of instruments, such as this glockenspiel, in live concerts and recordings.

In early 1999, Radiohead began work on their next album. Although the success of OK Computer meant there was no longer pressure from their record label,[43] tensions were high. Band members had different visions for Radiohead's future, and Yorke suffered from writer's block, influencing him toward more abstract, fragmented songwriting.[59] Radiohead secluded themselves with Godrich in studios in Paris, Copenhagen, and Gloucester, and in their new studio in Oxford.[19] O'Brien kept an online diary, reporting their progress.[60] After nearly 18 months, Radiohead's recording sessions were completed in April 2000.[59]

Radiohead's fourth album, Kid A, was released in October 2000. A departure from OK Computer, Kid A featured a minimalist and textured style with more diverse instrumentation, including the ondes Martenot, programmed electronic beats, strings, and jazz horns.[59] It debuted at number one in many countries, including the US, where it became the first Radiohead album to debut atop the Billboard chart and the first US number-one album by any UK act since the Spice Girls in 1996.[61] This success was attributed variously to marketing, to the album's leak on the file-sharing network Napster a few months before its release, and to advance anticipation based, in part, on the success of OK Computer.[62] Although Radiohead released no singles from Kid A, promos of "Optimistic" and "Idioteque" received radio play, and a series of "blips", short videos set to portions of tracks, were played on music channels and released free online.[63] Inspired by Naomi Klein's anti-globalisation book No Logo, Radiohead continued a 2000 tour of Europe in a custom-built tent free of advertising; they also promoted Kid A with three sold-out North American theatre concerts.[63]

Kid A received a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Album and a nomination for Album of the Year in early 2001. It won both praise and criticism in independent music circles for appropriating underground styles of music; some British critics saw Kid A as a "commercial suicide note" and "intentionally difficult", and longed for a return to Radiohead's earlier style.[7][15] Fans were similarly divided; along with those who were appalled or mystified, many saw it as the band's best work.[24][64] Yorke denied that Radiohead had set out to eschew expectations, saying: "We're not trying to be difficult ... We're actually trying to communicate but somewhere along the line, we just seemed to piss off a lot of people ... What we're doing isn't that radical."[7] The album was ranked one of the best of all time by publications including Time and Rolling Stone;[65] Pitchfork, the Times and Rolling Stone named it the best album of the decade.[66][67]

Radiohead's fifth album, Amnesiac, was released in May 2001. It comprised additional tracks from the Kid A sessions, including "Life in a Glasshouse", featuring the Humphrey Lyttelton Band.[68] Radiohead stressed that they saw Amnesiac not as a collection of B-sides or outtakes from Kid A but an album in its own right.[69] It topped the UK Albums Chart and reached number two in the US, and was nominated for a Grammy Award and the Mercury Music Prize.[15][61] Radiohead embarked on a world tour, visiting North America, Europe and Japan. "Pyramid Song" and "Knives Out", Radiohead's first singles since 1998, were modestly successful. I Might Be Wrong: Live Recordings, released in November 2001, features performances of seven songs from Kid A and Amnesiac, plus a performance of the unreleased track "True Love Waits".[70]

2002–2004: Hail to the Thief and solo work

In July and August 2002, Radiohead toured Portugal and Spain, playing a number of new songs. For their next album, they sought to explore the tension between human and machine-generated music[71] and capture a more immediate, live sound.[72][73] They and Godrich recorded most of the material in two weeks at Ocean Way Recording in Los Angeles. The band described the recording process as relaxed, in contrast to the tense sessions for Kid A and Amnesiac.[1] Radiohead also composed music for "Split Sides", a dance piece by the Merce Cunningham Dance Company, which debuted in October 2003 at the Brooklyn Academy of Music.[74]

Radiohead's sixth album, Hail to the Thief, was released in June 2003.[75] Its lyrics were influenced by what Yorke called "the general sense of ignorance and intolerance and panic and stupidity" following the 2000 election of US President George W. Bush.[76] The album was promoted with a website, radiohead.tv, where short films, music videos, and studio webcasts were streamed.[77] Hail to the Thief debuted at number one in the UK and number three on the Billboard chart, and was eventually certified platinum in the UK and gold in the US. The singles "There There", "Go to Sleep" and "2 + 2 = 5" achieved heavy circulation on modern rock radio. At the 2004 Grammy Awards, Radiohead were again nominated for Best Alternative Album, and producer Godrich and engineer Darrell Thorp received the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album.[78] In May 2003, Radiohead embarked on a world tour and headlined Glastonbury Festival for the second time. The tour finished in May 2004 with a performance at the Coachella Festival in California.[79] A compilation of Hail to the Thief B-sides, remixes and live performances, Com Lag (2plus2isfive), was released in April 2004.[80]

Radiohead at the 2004 Coachella Music Festival

Hail to the Thief was Radiohead's final album with EMI; in 2006, the New York Times described Radiohead as "by far the world's most popular unsigned band".[79] Following the Hail to the Thief tour, Radiohead went on hiatus to spend time with their families and work on solo projects. Yorke and Jonny Greenwood contributed to the Band Aid 20 charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?", produced by Godrich.[81] Greenwood composed soundtracks for the films Bodysong (2004) and There Will Be Blood (2007); the latter was the first of several collaborations between Greenwood and director Paul Thomas Anderson.[82][83]

In July 2006, Yorke released his debut solo album, The Eraser, comprising mainly electronic music.[84] He stressed it was made with the band's blessing, and that Radiohead were not breaking up. Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood said: "He had to get this stuff out, and everyone was happy [for Yorke to make it] ... He'd go mad if every time he wrote a song it had to go through the Radiohead consensus."[85]

2004–2009: Departure from EMI, In Rainbows, and "pay what you want"

Radiohead began work on their seventh album in February 2005.[83] Instead of involving Godrich, Radiohead hired producer Spike Stent, but the collaboration was unsuccessful.[86] In September 2005, Radiohead contributed "I Want None of This", a piano dirge,[87] for the War Child charity album Help: A Day in the Life. The album was sold online, with "I Want None of This" the most downloaded track, though it was not released as a single.[88] In late 2006, after touring Europe and North America with new material, Radiohead re-enlisted Godrich and resumed work in London, Oxford and rural Somerset, England.[89] Recording ended in June 2007 and the recordings were mastered the following month.[90]

Radiohead's seventh album, In Rainbows, was released through the band's website in October 2007 as a download for any amount users wanted, including £0. The landmark pay-what-you-want release, the first for a major act, made headlines worldwide and sparked debate about the implications for the music industry.[91] According to Mojo, the release was "hailed as a revolution in the way major bands sell their music", and the media's reaction was "almost overwhelmingly positive";[92] Time called it "easily the most important release in the recent history of the music business".[93] However, it drew criticism from musicians such as Lily Allen[94] and Kim Gordon,[95] who felt it undercut less successful acts.

In Rainbows was downloaded an estimated 1.2 million times on the day of release,[96] but Radiohead's management did not release sales figures, claiming that the distribution was intended to boost later retail sales.[97] Colin Greenwood explained the internet release as a way of avoiding the "regulated playlists" and "straitened formats" of radio and TV, ensuring fans around the world could all experience the music at the same time, and preventing leaks in advance of a physical release.[98] O'Brien said the self-release strategy sold fewer records, but made more money for the band as there was no middleman.[99] A special "discbox" edition of In Rainbows, containing the record on vinyl, a book of artwork, and a CD of extra songs, was also sold from Radiohead's website and shipped in late 2007.[100]

The retail version of In Rainbows was released in the UK in late December 2007 on XL Recordings and in North America in January 2008 on TBD Records,[100] charting at number one in the UK and in the US.[101] The success – after having been legally available for months as a free download – was Radiohead's highest chart placement in the US since Kid A. It became their fifth UK number-one album and sold more than three million copies in one year.[102] The album received acclaim for its more accessible sound and personal lyrics.[103] It was nominated for the Mercury Music Prize[104] and won the 2009 Grammy awards for Best Alternative Music Album and Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package. It was nominated for five other Grammy awards, including Radiohead's third nomination for Album of the Year.[105] Yorke and Jonny Greenwood performed "15 Step" with the University of Southern California Marching Band at the televised award show.[106]

Radiohead performing at the 2008 Main Square Festival in Arras, France

The first single from In Rainbows, "Jigsaw Falling into Place", was released in January 2008.[107] It was followed by "Nude" on 31 March,[108] which debuted at number 37 in the Billboard Hot 100; it was Radiohead's first song to enter the chart since "High and Dry" (1995) and their first US top 40 since "Creep".[21] In July, they released a digitally shot video for "House of Cards".[109] "House of Cards" and "Bodysnatchers" also received a single release on radio. In September, Radiohead announced a fourth single, "Reckoner".[110] Radiohead held remix competitions for "Nude" and "Reckoner", releasing the separated stems for fans to remix.[111] In April 2008, Radiohead launched W.A.S.T.E. Central, a social networking service for Radiohead fans.[112] In May, VH1 broadcast In Rainbows – From the Basement, a special episode of the music television show From the Basement in which Radiohead performed songs from In Rainbows. It was released on iTunes in June.[113] From mid-2008 to early 2009, Radiohead toured North America, Europe, Japan and South America to promote In Rainbows, and headlined the Reading and Leeds Festivals in August 2009.[96][114][115]

In 2007, EMI was acquired by the private equity firm Terra Firma. Radiohead were critical of the new management and no deal was agreed.[116] The Independent reported that EMI had offered Radiohead a £3 million advance, but had refused to relinquish rights to the band's back catalogue. An EMI spokesman stated that Radiohead had demanded "an extraordinary amount of money".[117] Radiohead's management and Yorke released statements denying that they had asked for a large advance, but had instead wanted control over their back catalogue.[117][118]

Days after Radiohead signed to XL, EMI announced a box set of Radiohead material recorded before In Rainbows, released in the same week as the In Rainbows special edition. Commentators including the Guardian saw the move as retaliation for the band choosing not to re-sign with EMI.[119] In June 2008, EMI released a greatest hits album, Radiohead: The Best Of.[120] It was made without Radiohead's involvement and contains only songs recorded under their contract with EMI. Yorke was critical of the release, calling it a "wasted opportunity".[121] In August 2008, EMI reissued "special editions" of Radiohead's back catalogue as part of its "From the Capitol Vaults" series.[122]

2009–2012: Singles, side projects, and The King of Limbs

As social media expanded around the turn of the decade, Radiohead gradually withdrew their public presence, with no promotional interviews or tours to promote new releases. Pitchfork wrote that around this time Radiohead's "popularity became increasingly untethered from the typical formalities of record promotion, placing them on the same level as Beyoncé and Kanye West".[48]

In May 2009, Radiohead began new recording sessions with Godrich.[123] In August, they released "Harry Patch (In Memory Of)", a tribute song to Harry Patch, the last surviving British soldier to have fought in World War I, with proceeds donated to the British Legion.[124][125] The song has no conventional rock instrumentation, and instead comprises Yorke's vocals and a string arrangement composed by Jonny Greenwood.[126] Later that month, another new song, "These Are My Twisted Words", featuring krautrock-like drumming and guitars,[127] was leaked via torrent, possibly by Radiohead themselves.[128][129] It was released as a free download on the Radiohead website the following week.[130] Commentators saw the releases as part of Radiohead's new unpredictable release strategy, without the need for traditional marketing.[131]

That year, Yorke formed a new band to perform The Eraser live, Atoms for Peace, with musicians including Godrich and Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea. The band played eight North American shows in 2010.[132] In January 2010, Radiohead played their only full concert of the year in the Los Angeles Henry Fonda Theater as a benefit for Oxfam. Tickets were auctioned, raising over half a million US dollars for the NGO's 2010 Haiti earthquake relief.[133] In September 2010, Radiohead released the soundboard recording of their 2009 Prague performance for use in a fan-made concert video, Live in Praha.[134] In December, a fan-made video of Radiohead's Oxfam benefit performance, Radiohead for Haiti, was released via YouTube and torrent with Radiohead's support and a "pay-what-you-want" link to donate to Oxfam.[135] The videos were described as examples of Radiohead's openness to fans and positivity toward non-commercial internet distribution.[136][137] In June 2010, Yorke and Jonny Greenwood performed a surprise set at Glastonbury Festival, performing Eraser and Radiohead songs, while Selway released his debut solo album, Familial in August.[138][139]

Drummer Clive Deamer has joined Radiohead on tour since 2012. He also performed on the "Staircase / The Daily Mail" single and A Moon Shaped Pool.

Radiohead released their eighth album, The King of Limbs, on 18 February 2011 as a download from their website.[140] Following the protracted recording and more conventional rock instrumentation of In Rainbows, Radiohead developed The King of Limbs by sampling and looping their recordings with turntables.[141][142][143] It was followed by a retail release in March through XL, and a special "newspaper album" edition in May.[144] The King of Limbs sold an estimated 300,000 to 400,000 copies through Radiohead's website;[145] the retail edition debuted at number six on the US Billboard 200[146] and number seven on the UK Albums Chart.[147] It was nominated for five categories in the 54th Grammy Awards.[148] Two tracks not included on The King of Limbs, "Supercollider" and "The Butcher", were released as a double A-side single for Record Store Day in April.[149] A compilation of King of Limbs remixes by various artists, TKOL RMX 1234567, was released in September.[150]

To perform the rhythmically complex King of Limbs material live, Radiohead enlisted a second drummer, Clive Deamer, who had worked with Portishead and Get the Blessing.[151] Deamer has joined Radiohead on subsequent tours.[152] In June, Radiohead played a surprise performance on the Park stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival, performing songs from The King of Limbs for the first time.[153] With Deamer, Radiohead recorded The King of Limbs: Live from the Basement, released online in August 2011.[154] It was also broadcast by international BBC channels and released on DVD and Blu-ray in January 2012.[155] The performance included two new songs, "The Daily Mail" and "Staircase", released as a double A-side download single in December 2011.[156] In February 2012, Radiohead began their first extended North American tour in four years, including dates in the United States, Canada and Mexico.[157] On tour, they recorded material at Jack White's studio Third Man Records,[158] but discarded the recordings.[159]

On 16 June 2012, an hour before gates were due to open at Toronto's Downsview Park for the final concert of Radiohead's North American tour, the roof of the venue's temporary stage collapsed, killing drum technician Scott Johnson and injuring three other members of Radiohead's road crew.[160] After rescheduling the tour, Radiohead paid tribute to Johnson at their next concert, in Nîmes, France, in July.[161] In June 2013, Live Nation Canada Inc, two other organisations and an engineer were charged with 13 charges under Ontario health and safety laws.[162][163] In September 2017, after several delays, the case was dropped under the Jordan ruling, which sets strict time limits on trials.[162] Radiohead released a statement condemning the decision.[164] A 2019 inquest returned a verdict of accidental death.[165]

2012–2014: Hiatus and move to XL

Radiohead performing on the 2012 King of Limbs tour

After the King of Limbs tour, the band entered hiatus again and the members worked on side projects. In February 2013, Yorke and Godrich's band Atoms for Peace released a studio album, Amok.[166] The pair made headlines that year for their criticism of the free music streaming service Spotify; Yorke accused Spotify of only benefiting major labels with large back catalogues, and encouraged artists to build their own "direct connections" with audiences instead.[167][168]

In February 2014, Radiohead released the Polyfauna app for smartphones, a collaboration with the British digital arts studio Universal Everything using music and imagery from The King of Limbs.[169] In May, Yorke contributed a soundtrack, Subterranea, to The Panic Office, an installation of Radiohead artwork in Sydney, Australia.[170] Yorke and Selway released their solo albums Tomorrow's Modern Boxes and Weatherhouse in late 2014.[171][172] Jonny Greenwood scored his third Anderson film, Inherent Vice; it features a new version of an unreleased Radiohead song, "Spooks", performed by Greenwood and members of Supergrass.[173] Junun, a collaboration between Greenwood, Godrich, Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur and Indian musicians, was released in November 2015,[174] accompanied by a documentary directed by Anderson.[175]

In April 2016, Radiohead's back catalogue was acquired by XL Recordings, which had released the retail editions of In Rainbows and The King of Limbs and most of Yorke's solo work.[176] XL reissued Radiohead's back catalogue on vinyl in May 2016.[177]

2014–2017: A Moon Shaped Pool and OKNOTOK

Radiohead began work on their ninth studio album in September 2014.[178] In 2015, they resumed work in the La Fabrique studio near Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France.[179] The sessions were marred by the death of Godrich's father[180] and Yorke's separation from his wife, Rachel Owen, who died from cancer in 2016.[181] Work was interrupted when Radiohead were commissioned to write the theme for the 2015 James Bond film Spectre;[180] after their song, "Spectre", was rejected, Radiohead released it on the audio streaming site SoundCloud on Christmas Day 2015.[182]

Radiohead's ninth studio album, A Moon Shaped Pool, was released in May 2016 on Radiohead's website and online music stores, followed by retail versions in June via XL Recordings.[183] It was promoted with music videos for the singles "Burn the Witch" and "Daydreaming", the latter directed by Anderson.[184][183] The album includes several songs written years earlier, including "True Love Waits",[185] and strings and choral vocals performed by the London Contemporary Orchestra.[186] It was Radiohead's sixth UK number-one album[187] and reached number three in the US.[188] It was the fifth Radiohead album nominated for the Mercury Prize, making Radiohead the most shortlisted act in the award's history,[189] and was also nominated for Best Alternative Music Album and Best Rock Song (for "Burn the Witch") at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards.[190] It appeared on several publications' lists of the best albums of the year.[191][192][193][194][195]

Radiohead performing on the 2016 Moon Shaped Pool tour

In 2016, 2017, and 2018, Radiohead toured Europe, Japan, and North and South America,[152][196][197] including headline shows at the Coachella and Glastonbury festivals.[49] The tours included a performance in Tel Aviv in July 2017, disregarding the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign for an international cultural boycott of Israel. The performance was criticised by artists including musician Roger Waters and filmmaker Ken Loach, and a petition urging Radiohead to cancel it was signed by more than 50 prominent figures.[198] Yorke responded in a statement: "Playing in a country isn't the same as endorsing the government. Music, art and academia is about crossing borders not building them, about open minds not closed ones, about shared humanity, dialogue and freedom of expression."[199]

In June 2017, Radiohead released a 20th-anniversary OK Computer reissue, OKNOTOK 1997 2017, comprising a remastered version of the album, B-sides, and three previously unreleased tracks: "I Promise", "Man of War" and "Lift".[200] Radiohead promoted the reissue with music videos for the three new tracks.[201][202][203] OKNOTOK debuted at number two on the UK Album Chart,[204] boosted by Radiohead's televised Glastonbury performance that week,[205] and reached number 23 on the US Billboard 200.[206] Yorke and Jonny Greenwood performed a benefit concert in Le Marche, Italy, in August 2017 following the August 2016 Central Italy earthquake.[207] In September, the nature documentary series Blue Planet II premiered featuring a new version of the King of Limbs track "Bloom", created with composer Hans Zimmer.[208]

2017–present: Hiatus and side projects

In November 2017, Selway released his third solo work, the soundtrack to the film Let Me Go.[209] Jonny Greenwood scored his second film by Lynne Ramsay, You Were Never Really Here (2018),[210] and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score for his fifth collaboration with Anderson, Phantom Thread (2017).[211] Yorke released his first feature film soundtrack, Suspiria (2018),[212] followed in 2019 by his third album, Anima, backed by a short film directed by Anderson.[213] O'Brien released his debut solo album, Earth, in April 2020.[214] He had been writing songs for years, but felt they had a "distinct energy" that would be lost with Radiohead.[215]

Radiohead were nominated for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2017, their first year of eligibility.[216] They were nominated again in 2018 and inducted the following March.[217] In June 2019, several hours of recordings made by Radiohead during the OK Computer period leaked online. In response, Radiohead made the recordings available to purchase online as MiniDiscs [Hacked], with all proceeds to the environmentalist group Extinction Rebellion.[218]

In December, Radiohead made their discography available free to stream on YouTube.[219] On 19 January 2020, they launched the Radiohead Public Library, an online archive of their work, including music videos, television performances, artwork, newsletters, old versions of their website and the 1998 documentary Meeting People Is Easy.[220] Radiohead suspended their online content for Blackout Tuesday on 2 June, protesting racism and police brutality.[221]

In a livestream event held by Glastonbury Festival on May 22, 2021, Yorke and Jonny Greenwood debuted a new band, the Smile, a collaboration with Godrich and drummer Tom Skinner.[222] Guardian critic Alexis Petridis said the Smile "sound like a simultaneously more skeletal and knottier version of Radiohead", with unusual time signatures, complex riffs and "hard-driving" motorik psychedelia.[223]

Style and songwriting

Radiohead's musical style has been described as art rock,[28] alternative rock,[230] electronica,[233] experimental rock,[236] progressive rock,[227] Britpop,[227] grunge,[227] art pop,[237] and electronic rock.[238] Joe Taysom of Far Out referred to Radiohead technically as a stadium rock band.[239] Among Radiohead's earliest influences were Queen,[240] Bob Dylan,[240] Pink Floyd and Elvis Costello, post-punk acts such as Joy Division,[240] Siouxsie and the Banshees[240][241] and Magazine, and significantly 1980s alternative rock bands such as R.E.M.,[240] U2, the Pixies, the Smiths and Sonic Youth.[242] By the mid-1990s, Radiohead began to adopt recording methods from hip hop, inspired by the sampling work of DJ Shadow,[2] and became interested in using computers to generate sounds.[243] Other influences include the soundtracks of Ennio Morricone, 1960s rock groups such as the Beatles and the Beach Boys, and Phil Spector's "wall of sound" production.[2][29]

Radiohead have cited 60s and 70s jazz artists such as Miles Davis, Charles Mingus and Alice Coltrane as influences.[244] According to Jonny Greenwood, “We bring in our favourite jazz albums, and say: we want to do this. And we enjoy the sound of our failing!"[244] He likened their jazz influence to 1950s English bands imitating American blues records.[244] Drummer Clive Deamer, who has recorded and performed with Radiohead since 2011, said Radiohead do not see themselves as a rock band and that their methodology had closer parallels with jazz: "They deliberately try to avoid cliché and standard forms for the sake of the song ... Rock bands don't do that. It's far more like a jazz mentality."[245]

The electronic music of Kid A and Amnesiac was inspired by Yorke's admiration for Warp Records artists such as Aphex Twin;[246] in 2013, Yorke named Aphex Twin as his biggest influence.[247] Kid A also samples early computer music.[19] 1970s krautrock bands such as Can and Neu!, were other major influences during this period.[248] Jonny Greenwood's interest in 20th-century classical music also had a role, as the influence of composers Krzysztof Penderecki[29] and Olivier Messiaen was apparent. Since the recording of Kid A, Greenwood has played the ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument popularised by Messiaen.[10] Recording In Rainbows, Radiohead mentioned rock, electronic, hip hop and experimental musicians as influences, including Björk, M.I.A, Liars, Modeselektor and Spank Rock.[249][250] In 2011, Yorke denied that Radiohead had set out to make "experimental music", saying they were "constantly absorbing music" and that a variety of musicians are always influencing their work.[251]

Yorke is Radiohead's principal songwriter and lyricist. Songs usually begin with a sketch by Yorke, which is harmonically developed by Jonny Greenwood before the rest of the band develop their parts.[43] Arrangement is a collaborative effort, with all members having roles in the process.[59] While Greenwood plays most lead guitar parts, O'Brien often creates ambient effects, making extensive use of effects units.[252] The band often try several approaches to songs, and may develop them over years; for example, Radiohead first performed "True Love Waits" in 1995 before releasing it in a different arrangement on A Moon Shaped Pool in 2016.[253] Greenwood said he saw Radiohead as "just a kind of an arrangement to form songs using whatever technology suits the song. And that technology can be a cello or it can be a laptop. It's all sort of machinery when looked at in the right way."[181]

The Kid A and Amnesiac sessions brought a change in Radiohead's music and working methods.[59][254] Since their shift from conventional rock music instrumentation toward an emphasis on electronic sound, the members have gained flexibility and now regularly switch instruments depending on the particular song requirements.[59] On Kid A and Amnesiac, Yorke played keyboard and bass, while Jonny Greenwood often played ondes Martenot, bassist Colin Greenwood worked on sampling, and O'Brien and Selway branched out to drum machines and digital manipulation, also finding ways to incorporate their primary instruments into the new sound.[59] The relaxed 2003 sessions for Hail to the Thief led to a different dynamic, with Yorke saying his power in the band had been "absolutely unbalanced" and that he would "subvert everybody else's power at all costs. But ... it's actually a lot more healthy now, democracy-wise."[255]

Legacy and influence

See also: List of awards and nominations received by Radiohead

Radiohead had sold more than 30 million albums worldwide by 2011.[256] Their work places highly in both listener polls and critics' lists of the best music of the 1990s and 2000s.[257] In 2005, they were ranked 73rd in Rolling Stone's list of "The Greatest Artists of All Time"; Jonny Greenwood[258] and O'Brien[259] were both included in Rolling Stone's list of the best guitarists, and Yorke in their list of the best singers.[260] In 2009, Rolling Stone readers voted Radiohead the second-best artist of the 2000s, behind Green Day.[261] Five Radiohead albums have been nominated for the Mercury Prize, making Radiohead the most nominated act in the prize's history.[189] They have been listed among the greatest bands of all time by Spin (15th)[262] and among the greatest artists by VH1 (29th).[263] They were also ranked as the third best British band in history by Harry Fletcher of the Evening Standard.[264] Radiohead were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2019.[217]

Radiohead are sometimes cited as one of the foremost rock bands of the 21st century.[265][266][267][268][269][270][271] Their 90s albums The Bends and OK Computer[nb 2] influenced a generation of British acts,[272] including Coldplay, Keane, James Blunt[273] and Travis.[273] Their experimental approach has been credited with expanding alternative rock.[274] According to AllMusic journalist Stephen Thomas Erlewine, in the early 21st century, Radiohead became "a touchstone for everything that is fearless and adventurous in rock", succeeding David Bowie, Pink Floyd, and Talking Heads.[274] Gavin Haynes of NME described Radiohead in 2014 as "our generation's Beatles".[275] In 2020, academic Daphne Brooks described Radiohead as "the blackest white rock band to emerge over the past 30 years", citing their black jazz influences, influence on black artists, and their "introspective other worlds", which parallel the work of radical black artists.[276]

Speaking at Radiohead's induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Talking Heads singer David Byrne praised their musical and release innovations, which he said had influenced the entire music industry.[277] Kid A is credited for pioneering the use of the internet to stream and promote music.[278][279] The pay-what-you-want release for In Rainbows is credited as a major step for music distribution.[280][93][281] Forbes wrote that it "helped forge the template for unconventional album releases in the internet age", ahead of artists such as Beyoncé and Drake.[279]

Collaborators

"Modified bear" logo by Yorke and artist Stanley Donwood

Nigel Godrich first worked with Radiohead as an audio engineer on their second album, The Bends. He has produced all their studio albums since their third album, OK Computer.[282] He also plays Chieftain Mews, a long-running character appearing in Radiohead's promotional material.[283] Godrich has been dubbed the band's "sixth member", an allusion to George Martin being called the "Fifth Beatle".[282] In 2016, Godrich said: "I can only ever have one band like Radiohead who I've worked with for this many years. That's a very deep and profound relationship. The Beatles could only have ever had one George Martin; they couldn't have switched producers halfway through their career. All that work, trust, and knowledge of each other would have been thrown out of the window and they'd have to start again."[284]

Graphic artist Stanley Donwood met Yorke when they were art students. Together, they have produced all of Radiohead's album covers and visual artwork since 1994.[12] Donwood works in the studio with the band as they record, allowing the music to influence the artwork.[285] He and Yorke won a Grammy in 2002 for the special edition of Amnesiac packaged as a library book.[12]

Dilly Gent has commissioned all Radiohead music videos since OK Computer, working with the band to find directors.[286] Since Radiohead's formation, Andi Watson has been their lighting and stage director, designing the visuals of live concerts, such as the carbon-neutral "LED forest" of the In Rainbows tour.[287] Backline Chief and Technician Peter "Plank" Clements has worked with Radiohead since before The Bends, overseeing the technical management of studio recordings and live performances.[2] Jim Warren has been Radiohead's live sound engineer since their first tour in 1992, and recorded early demos and studio tracks including "High and Dry" and "Pop Is Dead".[288] Drummer Clive Deamer was enlisted in 2011 to help perform the complex rhythms of The King of Limbs, and has performed and recorded with Radiohead since.[151][152][186] Paul Thomas Anderson has directed several music videos for Yorke and Radiohead, and has collaborated with Jonny Greenwood on several film scores and the 2015 documentary Junun.[289]

Song catalogue

Radiohead recorded their first six albums under contract with Parlophone, a subsidiary of EMI.[290] For their seventh album, In Rainbows (2007), they did not renew the contract, as they did not trust the new management under Guy Hands[291][292] and EMI would not give them control over their back catalogue.[293] Instead, Radiohead's later albums were released by XL Recordings.[176] In October 2015, Radiohead sued Parlophone for deductions made from downloads of their back catalogue.[294]

In September 2012, EMI was bought by Universal Music. The European Commission approved the deal on the condition that Universal Music divest Parlophone, which controlled the Radiohead records.[295] In February 2013, Parlophone, along with Radiohead's back catalogue, was bought by Warner Music Group (WMG).[296] As a condition of the purchase, WMG made an agreement with the Merlin Network and trade group Impala to divest 30% of the Parlophone catalogues to independent labels, with artist approval.[176] As a result of the Impala agreement, in April 2016, WMG transferred Radiohead's back catalogue to XL.[176] The Best Of and the reissues released by EMI in 2008 without Radiohead's approval were removed from streaming services.[176][297]

Band members

  • Thom Yorke – vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards
  • Jonny Greenwood – guitar, keyboards, ondes Martenot, orchestral arrangements
  • Colin Greenwood – bass guitar
  • Ed O'Brien – guitar, effects, backing vocals
  • Philip Selway – drums, percussion

Additional live members

  • Clive Deamer – drums, percussion (2011–present)

Discography

Main articles: Radiohead discography and List of songs recorded by Radiohead
  • Pablo Honey (1993)
  • The Bends (1995)
  • OK Computer (1997)
  • Kid A (2000)
  • Amnesiac (2001)
  • Hail to the Thief (2003)
  • In Rainbows (2007)
  • The King of Limbs (2011)
  • A Moon Shaped Pool (2016)

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Radiohead

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Greenwood was reunited with one of the stolen guitars in 2015 after a fan recognised it as one they had purchased in Denver in the 1990s.[34]
  2. ^ Specifically, critics have cited OK Computer's influence on Muse, Coldplay, Snow Patrol, Keane, Travis, Doves, Badly Drawn Boy, Editors and Elbow. See:
    • Aza, Bharat (15 June 2007), "Ten years of OK Computer and what have we got?", The Guardian, archived from the original on 6 August 2011
    • Eisenbeis, Hans (July 2001), "The Empire Strikes Back", Spin
    • Richards, Sam (8 April 2009), "Album review: Radiohead Reissues – Collectors Editions", Uncut, archived from the original on 6 December 2010, retrieved 29 August 2011

References

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b McLean, Craig (14 July 2003). "Don't worry, be happy". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2007.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Mac Randall (1 April 1998). "The Golden Age of Radiohead". Guitar World. Archived from the original on 3 September 2017.
  3. ^ Lewis, Luke (24 March 2013). "This Is What Radiohead Looked Like In The '80s". Buzzfeed. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
    Jones, Lucy (26 March 2013). "9 Photos Of Artists Before They Hit The Big Time". NME. Archived from the original on 6 April 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  4. ^ Kelly, John (15 September 2001). "Taking Music To Strange Places". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2007.
  5. ^ "On A Friday: Radiohead In The '80s – Stereogum". 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  6. ^ Ross, Alex (21 August 2001). "The Searchers: Radiohead's unquiet revolution". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 25 May 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kent, Nick (1 June 2001). "Happy now?". Mojo.
  8. ^ "BBC Radio 4 - Desert Island Discs - Ten things we learned from Thom Yorke's Desert Island Discs". BBC. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b "Radiohead, Foals and 25 years of discovering Oxford music – BBC News". 13 March 2016. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Ross, Alex (20 August 2001). "The Searchers". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 14 February 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  11. ^ Minsker, Evan (13 July 2015). "Rare Footage Surfaces of Thom Yorke Performing "High and Dry" With Pre-Radiohead Band". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Stanley Donwood". Eyestorm. Archived from the original on 16 May 2007. Retrieved 29 May 2007.
  13. ^ "Radiohead Reconnect". Rolling Stone. 26 April 2012. Archived from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  14. ^ Marshall, Alex (15 April 2016). "Radiohead have not yet decided whether to stream new album, says man from their management firm". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Radiohead: The right frequency". BBC News. 22 February 2001. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
  16. ^ "Creepshow". Melody Maker. 19 December 1992.
  17. ^ Randall, Mac (12 September 2000). Exit Music: The Radiohead Story. Delta. pp. 71–73. ISBN 0-385-33393-5.
  18. ^ Randall, Mac (2011). Exit Music – The Radiohead Story: The Radiohead Story. Omnibus. ISBN 978-0857126955.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b c Smith, Andrew (1 October 2000). "Sound and Fury". The Observer. London. Archived from the original on 26 December 2003. Retrieved 17 March 2007.
  20. ^ Rubinstein, Harry (20 January 2009). "The Radiohead — Israel connection". israelity.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Radiohead: Artist Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  22. ^ Black, Johnny (1 June 2003). "The Greatest Songs Ever! Fake Plastic Trees". Blender. Archived from the original on 9 April 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b Randall, Mac (12 September 2000). Exit Music: The Radiohead Story. Delta. pp. 127–134. ISBN 0-385-33393-5.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b c Reynolds, Simon (June 2001). "Walking on Thin Ice". The Wire.
  25. ^ Mallins, Steve (1 April 1995). "Scuba Do". Vox.
  26. ^ "Everything In Its Right Place". www.cbc.ca. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  27. ^ Randall, Mac (12 September 2000). Exit Music: The Radiohead Story. Delta. pp. 98–99. ISBN 0-385-33393-5.
  28. ^ Jump up to: a b [224][225][226]
  29. ^ Jump up to: a b c d DiMartino, Dave (2 May 1997). "Give Radiohead to Your Computer". LAUNCH.
  30. ^ "Beatles, Radiohead albums voted best ever", CNN.com, 4 September 2000, archived from the original on 22 May 2008, retrieved 8 October 2008
    "Q Readers All Time Top 100 Albums". Q (137). February 1998.
    "Q Magazine's Q Readers Best Albums Ever (2006 Readers Poll) Archived by Lists of Bests". Q. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  31. ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 31 May 2012. Archived from the original on 17 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  32. ^ Harding, Nigel (1995). "Radiohead's Phil Selway". consumable.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
  33. ^ Randall, p. 127
  34. ^ Jump up to: a b "Radiohead's Jonny Greenwood reunited with guitar stolen in Denver in 1995". Denver Post. 23 February 2015. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  35. ^ Skinner, Tom (27 May 2020). "Radiohead to stream classic Live at the Astoria show in full". NME. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  36. ^ Courtney, Kevin (17 May 1997). "Radiohead calling". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2007.
  37. ^ Glover, Adrian (1 August 1997). "Radiohead — Getting More Respect". Circus.
  38. ^ Moran, Caitlin (July 1997). "Everything was just fear". Select: 84.
  39. ^ "The All-Time 100 albums". Time. 13 November 2006. Archived from the original on 7 March 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
  40. ^ Mark Kemp (10 July 1997). "OK Computer | Album Reviews". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 17 January 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  41. ^ Reising 2005, pp. 208–211
    Griffiths 2004, p. 109
    Buckley 2003, p. 843
  42. ^ "Subterranean Aliens". Request Magazine. 1 September 1997.
  43. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ross, Alex (20 August 2001). "The Searchers: Radiohead's unquiet revolution". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 14 February 2008. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  44. ^ "Renaissance Men". Select. December 1997.
  45. ^ "Screen Source presents: The 40th Annual Grammy Awards". Screen Source. amug.com. 27 February 1998. Archived from the original on 1 December 1998. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
  46. ^ Letts, Marianne Tatom (2010). Radiohead and the Resistant Concept Album: How to Disappear Completely. Indiana University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0253004918. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  47. ^ "Radiohead's OK Computer named best album of the past 25 years". Telegraph.co.uk. 22 December 2010. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  48. ^ Jump up to: a b Jeremy, Gordon (12 May 2016). "Internet Explorers: The Curious Case of Radiohead's Online Fandom". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  49. ^ Jump up to: a b Hann, Michael (20 October 2016). "Radiohead are confirmed as first headliners for Glastonbury 2017". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  50. ^ White, Adam (23 June 2017). "Radiohead's Glastonbury 1997 set was 'like a form of hell', according to guitarist Ed O'Brien". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
  51. ^ Deming, Mark (2008). "Meeting People is Easy (1999)". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
  52. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "OK Computer Archived 21 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine" Allmusic. Retrieved 31 January 2012
  53. ^ Rose, Phil (22 April 2019). Radiohead: Music for a Global Future. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-7930-8.
  54. ^ "Q Magazine: The 100 Greatest British Albums of All Time – How many do you own? (Either on CD, Vinyl, Tape or Download)". List Challenges. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  55. ^ "Art for Amnesty". Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2007.
  56. ^ Greene, Andy (17 March 2015). "Flashback: Michael Stipe Fronts Radiohead at Tibet Concert". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  57. ^ Mejia, Paula. "The Secret History of Radiohead's OK Computer". Vulture. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  58. ^ "Radiohead's 'Man of War': Everything You Need to Know About the 'OK Computer' Bonus Tracks". Diffuser.fm. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  59. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Eccleston, Danny (1 October 2000). "Q Magazine – October 2000 – By Danny Eccleston". Q.
  60. ^ "Radiohead Guitarist's Online Diary Gives Glimpse Of New LP". MTV News. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  61. ^ Jump up to: a b "US Success for Radiohead". BBC News. 14 June 2001. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
  62. ^ Evangelista, Benny (12 October 2000). "CD Soars After Net Release: Radiohead's 'Kid A' premieres in No. 1 slot". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2007.
    Menta, Richard (28 October 2000). "Did Napster Take Radiohead's New Album to Number 1?". MP3 Newswire.
    Oldham, James (24 June 2000). "Radiohead — Their Stupendous Return". NME.
  63. ^ Jump up to: a b Zoric, Lauren (22 September 2000). "I think I'm meant to be dead". The Guardian.
  64. ^ "Kid A by Radiohead". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
  65. ^ "The All-Time 100 Albums". Time. 13 November 2006. Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
  66. ^ "The Top 200 Albums of the 2000s: 20–1 – Page 2 | Pitchfork". pitchfork.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  67. ^ "The 100 best pop albums of the Noughties". The Times. 21 November 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
  68. ^ "The chairman – Humphrey Lyttelton". BBC. 31 January 2001. Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  69. ^ Greenwood, Colin; O'Brien, Ed (25 January 2001). "Interview with Ed & Colin". Ground Zero (Interview). Interviewed by Chris Douridas. KCRW.
  70. ^ LeMay, Matt (17 December 2001). "Radiohead: I Might Be Wrong: Live Recordings EP". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
  71. ^ Fricke, David (27 June 2003). "Bitter Prophet: Thom Yorke on 'Hail to the Thief'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  72. ^ "Radiohead Hail to the Thief – Interview CD" (Interview). 2003. Promotional interview CD sent to British music press.
  73. ^ "Exclusive: Thom on new Radiohead album". NME. 5 October 2002.
  74. ^ "Radiohead Dances With Sigur Ros". Billboard. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  75. ^ "Radiohead: Hail to the Thief (2003): Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2007.
  76. ^ "Recording 'Hail to the Thief' in Los Angeles". Xfm London. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  77. ^ "Radiohead TV goes on air". BBC. 10 June 2003. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  78. ^ "46th Annual Grammy Awards". Rock on the Net. 8 February 2004. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  79. ^ Jump up to: a b Pareles, Jon (2 July 2006). "With Radiohead, and Alone, the Sweet Malaise of Thom Yorke". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  80. ^ Allmusic review
  81. ^ Godrich, Nigel (29 November 2009). "Flashback: making Band Aid 20". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  82. ^ "Radiohead retooled". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  83. ^ Jump up to: a b O'Brien, Ed (21 August 2005). "Here we go". Dead Air Space. Radiohead. Archived from the original on 31 October 2005. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
  84. ^ Powers, Ann (28 June 2006). "Thom Yorke, free agent". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  85. ^ Paytress, Mark (February 2008). "CHASING RAIN_BOWS". Mojo. pp. 75–85.
  86. ^ Vozick-Levinson, Simon; Vozick-Levinson, Simon (27 April 2012). "The Making of Radiohead's 'In Rainbows'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  87. ^ Plagenhoef, Scott (11 September 2005). "Various Artists: Help: A Day in the Life Album Review | Pitchfork". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  88. ^ "Rush to download War Child album". BBC News. 12 September 2005. Retrieved 19 October 2007.
  89. ^ Marshall, Julian (2 October 2007). "Radiohead: Exclusive Interview". NME.
  90. ^ "Radiohead mastering seventh album in New York". NME. 16 July 2007. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  91. ^ Pareles, Jon (9 December 2007). "Pay What You Want for This Article". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2007.
  92. ^ Paytress, Mark (1 January 2008). "Chasing Rainbows". Mojo.
  93. ^ Jump up to: a b Tyrangiel, Josh (1 October 2007). "Radiohead Says: Pay What You Want". Time. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  94. ^ Kreps, Daniel (14 November 2007). "Lily Allen, Oasis, Gene Simmons Criticize Radiohead's 'Rainbows'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 25 April 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  95. ^ Thill, Scott (8 July 2009). "Sonic Youth Slams Radiohead's In Rainbows Model". Wired. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  96. ^ Jump up to: a b Brandle, Lars (18 October 2007). "Radiohead Returning to the Road in 2008". Billboard.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2008. Retrieved 21 December 2007.
  97. ^ Edgecliffe-Johnson, Andrew (11 October 2007). "Radiohead MP3 release a tactic to lift CD sales". Financial Times.
  98. ^ Greenwood, Colin (13 September 2010), "Set Yourself Free Archived 5 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine", Index on Censorship. Retrieved 31 October 2010
  99. ^ "The Colbert Report". The Colbert Report. New York City. 26 September 2011. Comedy Central.
  100. ^ Jump up to: a b Grossberg, Josh (6 November 2007). "Fans Shortchanging Radiohead's Rainbows?". E! Online. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  101. ^ Griffiths, Peter (6 January 2008). "Radiohead top album chart". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
    Cohen, Jonathan (9 January 2008). "Radiohead Nudges Blige From Atop Album Chart". Billboard. Archived from the original on 12 February 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
  102. ^ "Radiohead: In Rainbows (2007): Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 6 November 2007.
  103. ^ Kreps, Daniel (15 October 2008). "Radiohead Publishers Reveal "In Rainbows" Numbers". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 18 October 2008. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
  104. ^ "Radiohead News – 2008 Mercury Music Prize Nominees Announced". Idiomag.com. 24 July 2008. Archived from the original on 2 January 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2008.
  105. ^ Hedley, Caroline (9 February 2009). "Grammy Awards 2009: British artists dominate Los Angeles ceremony". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  106. ^ Singh, Amrit (9 September 2009). "The 2009 Grammys: Just The Good Parts". Stereogum. Archived from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  107. ^ "Radiohead's 'In Rainbows' to be released on CD this year". NME. 8 November 2007. Archived from the original on 21 November 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
  108. ^ "Radiohead announce new single details". NME. 12 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 March 2008. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
  109. ^ Dodson, Sean (17 July 2008). "Is Radiohead the latest band to go open source?". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 9 February 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
  110. ^ Dead Air Space (23 September 2008). "Reckoner remix". Radiohead.com. Archived from the original on 25 September 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
  111. ^ "Radiohead Launches Easier, Less Expensive Remix Contest". WIRED. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  112. ^ Hannaford, Katherine (7 April 2008). "Radiohead launches social networking site for gossip about Thom's hair, Waste-Central". Tech Digest. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  113. ^ "Radiohead Rake in Praise From Bono, Release "From the Basement" : Rolling Stone : Rock and Roll Daily". 2 July 2008. Archived from the original on 2 July 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  114. ^ "Reading and Leeds 2009 line-up". NME.COM. 30 March 2009. Archived from the original on 9 February 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  115. ^ "Radiohead, por primera vez en Buenos Aires". La Nación. 13 November 2008. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2009.
  116. ^ McLean, Craig (9 December 2007). "Caught in the flash". The Observer. London. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
  117. ^ Jump up to: a b "EMI split blamed on Radiohead's £10m advance demands". The Independent. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  118. ^ "'Nude' Radiohead Video Hits Web, EMI Airs Dirty Laundry". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  119. ^ Nestruck, Kelly (8 November 2007). "EMI stab Radiohead in the back catalogue". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  120. ^ "Radiohead to release 'Best Of' compilation". NME. UK. 3 April 2008. Archived from the original on 4 April 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
  121. ^ Reynolds, Simon (9 May 2008). "Yorke slams Radiohead 'Best Of' LP". Digital Spy. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
  122. ^ Capitol/EMI. "Capitol/EMI's 'From The Capitol Vaults' Vinyl Campaign Continues June 16 With 11 Classic, Standout Albums". www.prnewswire.com. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  123. ^ Lindsay, Andrew (18 May 2009). "Radiohead begin recording new album". Stereokill.net. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009. Retrieved 18 May 2009.
  124. ^ "Harry Patch (In Memory Of)". Radiohead.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
  125. ^ Harris, John (6 August 2009). "Radiohead's farewell to old first world war soldier in song". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  126. ^ Jones, Lucy (6 August 2009). "Radiohead's tribute to Harry Patch strikes the right note". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2009.
  127. ^ Daniel Kreps (13 August 2009). "New Radiohead Song "These Are My Twisted Words" Leaks". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
  128. ^ Sean Michaels (14 August 2009). "Was the new Radiohead song leaked by the band?". guardian.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
  129. ^ Daniel Kreps (13 August 2009). "New Radiohead Song "These Are My Twisted Words" Leaks". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
  130. ^ Jonny Greenwood (17 August 2009). "These Are My Twisted Words". Dead Air Space (radiohead.com). Archived from the original on 19 August 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
  131. ^ Wallace, Wyndham (11 August 2009). "Radiohead Versus The Release Schedule". The Quietus. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  132. ^ "Q&A: Thom Yorke on Atoms for Peace's 'Mechanistic' New Album". Rolling Stone. 5 November 2012. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  133. ^ Kramer, Anna (8 February 2010). "Musicians for Oxfam: Radiohead, will.i.am, and more". oxfamamerica.org. Archived from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
  134. ^ "Radiohead-Approved, Fan-Shot Concert Movie Released". Pitchfork.com. 2 September 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2010. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
  135. ^ Roberts, Randall (28 December 2010). "Video: View the full Radiohead for Haiti benefit concert online, compiled from fan footage". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
  136. ^ Michaels, Sean (1 September 2010). "Radiohead lend their music to fan-made live DVD". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
  137. ^ "Radiohead help fans 'bootleg' their own gig". NME. UK. 3 September 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2010. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
  138. ^ Fox, Killian (28 August 2010). "Philip Selway: Familial". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  139. ^ Fitzmaurice, Larry (25 June 2010). "Thom Yorke and Jonny Greenwood Play Surprise Glastonbury Set". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  140. ^ Swash, Rosie (19 February 2011). "Radiohead release The King of Limbs". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
  141. ^ "The King of Limbs Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  142. ^ Alexis Petridis (25 February 2011). "Radiohead: The King of Limbs review". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  143. ^ "Snap Judgment: Radiohead's The King of Limbs". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 5 March 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  144. ^ Swash, Rosie (14 February 2011). "Radiohead to release new album this Saturday" Archived 25 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. The Guardian. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
  145. ^ 'David Fricke (26 April 2012). "Radiohead Reconnect – How the most experimental band in music learned to rock again". Rolling Stone. No. 115.
  146. ^ Caulfield, Keith (6 April 2011). "Britney Spears Snares Sixth No. 1 on Billboard 200 with 'Femme Fatale'". Billboard. Los Angeles. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  147. ^ Jones, Alan (3 April 2011). "Adele claims album record but loses to Lopez in singles". Music Week. United Business Media. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  148. ^ "Nominess and Winners". Grammy.com. 1 December 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  149. ^ "Record Store Day – Exclusive Product". Archived from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
  150. ^ Hyden, Steven (9 September 2011). "Radiohead remix album set for release in September". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 22 October 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  151. ^ Jump up to: a b "Phil Selway and the evolution of rock drumming in the digital age". Mono. 9 November 2014. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  152. ^ Jump up to: a b c Monroe, Jazz (20 May 2016). "Radiohead in Amsterdam: a tour opener live blog". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  153. ^ "Radiohead play 'surprise' Glastonbury show with sixth member". NME. 24 June 2011. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  154. ^ "Watch Radiohead's 'From The Basement' session in full on NME.COM – video – NME". NME. 18 August 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  155. ^ "Radiohead's The King of Limbs: Live from the Basement to Be Released on DVD". pastemagazine.com. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  156. ^ "Radiohead to release new singles The Daily Mail and Staircase". Metro. 13 December 2011. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
  157. ^ "Touring 2012 – RADIOHEAD | Dead Air Space". Radiohead. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  158. ^ Battan, Carrie; Snapes, Laura (5 July 2012). "Radiohead Did Record At Third Man, Jack White Confirms". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  159. ^ "Radiohead's Ed O'Brien to release carnival-inspired solo album". The Guardian. 10 October 2016. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  160. ^ "Radiohead stage collapse 'kills one' in Canada". BBC News. 17 June 2012. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  161. ^ Rolling Stone (11 July 2012). "Radiohead Honor Late Drum Tech at First Show Since Stage Collapse | Music News". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  162. ^ Jump up to: a b "'I feel so let down by Canada': Radiohead and drum tech's parents demand answers in his Toronto death". CBC News. Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  163. ^ "Live Nation, engineer charged in Radiohead stage collapse". CBC News. 7 June 2013. Archived from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  164. ^ "Radiohead on Stalled Stage Collapse Case: "We Are Appalled" | Pitchfork". pitchfork.com. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  165. ^ "Radiohead Share Statement Following Stage Collapse Inquest". Pitchfork. Condé Nast. 11 April 2012. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  166. ^ Petridis, Alexis (21 February 2013). "Atoms for Peace: Amok – review". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  167. ^ "Thom Yorke pulls albums from Spotify". BBC News. 15 July 2013. Archived from the original on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
  168. ^ Stuart Dredge (7 October 2013). "Thom Yorke calls Spotify 'the last desperate fart of a dying corpse'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  169. ^ Battan, Carrie (11 February 2014). "Radiohead Release PolyFauna App". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  170. ^ "Thom Yorke produces new music for Australian exhibition of Radiohead artwork | Music News | triple j". www.abc.net.au. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  171. ^ Gordon, Jeremy (26 September 2014). "Thom Yorke Announces New Album Tomorrow's Modern Boxes | News". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 26 September 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  172. ^ Stevens, Jenny (24 June 2014). "Radiohead drummer Philip Selway announces new album Weatherhouse". NME. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  173. ^ Michaels, Sean (7 October 2014). "Radiohead's Jonny Greenwood hires Supergrass to cover Inherent Vice track". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
  174. ^ Colter Walls, Seth (19 November 2015). "Shye Ben Tzur / Jonny Greenwood / The Rajasthan Express: Junun Album Review | Pitchfork". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  175. ^ "Film Review: 'Junun'". Variety. 8 October 2015. Archived from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  176. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Christman, Ed (4 April 2016). "Radiohead's Early Catalog Moves From Warner Bros. to XL". Billboard. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
  177. ^ Spice, Anton (6 May 2016). "Radiohead to reissue entire catalogue on vinyl". The Vinyl Factory. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  178. ^ Langham, Matt (4 February 2015). "DiS Meets Radiohead's Philip Selway: "If it means something to some people then that is success"". Drowned in Sound. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  179. ^ Thorpe, Adam (18 May 2016). "In a room with Radiohead". The Times Literary Supplement. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  180. ^ Jump up to: a b Greene, Andy (8 June 2017). "19 Things We Learned Hanging Out With Radiohead". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  181. ^ Jump up to: a b Greene, Andy (1 June 2017). "Inside 'OK Computer': Radiohead Look Back on Their Paranoid Masterpiece". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  182. ^ "Radiohead reveal rejected theme for James Bond film Spectre". BBC News. 25 December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
  183. ^ Jump up to: a b Philips, Amy. "Radiohead Announce New Album Release Date, Share "Daydreaming" Video". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  184. ^ Hogan, Marc (3 May 2016). "Decoding the Politics in Radiohead's "Burn the Witch" Video". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  185. ^ Reilly, Dan (10 May 2016). "The 21-Year History of Radiohead's 'True Love Waits,' a Fan Favorite Two Decades in the Making". Vulture. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
  186. ^ Jump up to: a b "Hear Radiohead's New Album "A Moon Shaped Pool" at 11pm tonight on the FTW New Music Show". 91X FM. 8 May 2016. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  187. ^ "Radiohead score sixth Number 1 album with A Moon Shaped Pool". officialcharts.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  188. ^ Caulfield, Keith (13 October 2016). "Billboard 200 Chart Moves: Radiohead's 'A Moon Shaped Pool' Returns After Special Edition's Release". Billboard. Archived from the original on 9 February 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  189. ^ Jump up to: a b Leight, Elias (4 August 2016). "David Bowie, Radiohead and more nominated for Mercury Prize". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
  190. ^ "Here Is the Complete List of Nominees for the 2017 Grammys". Billboard. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  191. ^ "The A.V. Club's Top 50 Albums of 2016". The A.V. Club. 12 December 2016. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  192. ^ "The best albums of 2016". The Guardian. 30 November 2016. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  193. ^ "The 50 Best Albums of 2016". Pitchfork. 13 December 2016. Archived from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  194. ^ "50 Best Albums of 2016". Rolling Stone. 29 November 2016. Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  195. ^ "The Top 10 Best Albums". Time. 22 November 2016. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  196. ^ "Radiohead Announce World Tour". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  197. ^ Wicks, Amanda; Monroe, Jazz (20 February 2018). "Radiohead Announce North American Tour | Pitchfork". pitchfork.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  198. ^ Kreps, Daniel (16 July 2017). "Roger Waters Criticizes 'Whining' Thom Yorke Over Radiohead's Israel Gig". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  199. ^ Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (12 July 2017). "Radiohead's Thom Yorke responds as Ken Loach criticises Israel gig". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  200. ^ Althea, Legaspi (2 June 2017). "Hear Radiohead's Previously Unreleased Song 'I Promise'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  201. ^ Monroe, Jazz (2 June 2017). "Watch Radiohead's New "I Promise" Video | Pitchfork". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  202. ^ Leight, Elias (23 June 2017). "See Radiohead's Paranoia-Inducing 'Man of War' Video". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  203. ^ "Video: Radiohead – "Lift"". Spin. 12 September 2017. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  204. ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  205. ^ Beech, Mark. "The Glastonbury Effect: Radiohead Back At Top Of U.K. Chart, Foo Fighters Follow". Forbes. Archived from the original on 27 June 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  206. ^ "Billboard 200 Chart Moves: Ed Sheeran's 'Divide' Tracks Surpass 1 Billion U.S. Streams". Billboard. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  207. ^ "Radiohead Announce Italian Earthquake Benefit Show | Pitchfork". pitchfork.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  208. ^ Association, Press (14 September 2017). "The ultimate chill out song? Radiohead record new music for David Attenborough's Blue Planet 2". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  209. ^ Garratt, John (3 November 2017). "Philip Selway: Let Me Go Original Soundtrack". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  210. ^ Lyttelton, Oliver (2 May 2017). "Jonny Greenwood Scoring Lynne Ramsay's 'You Were Never Really Here' With Joaquin Phoenix". IndieWire. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  211. ^ Young, Alex (23 January 2018). "Jonny Greenwood earns first-ever Oscar nomination". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  212. ^ Young, Alex (4 September 2018). "Thom Yorke details Suspiria soundtrack, shares "Suspirium": Stream". Consequence of Sound. Archived from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  213. ^ Bloom, Madison (20 June 2019). "Thom Yorke Announces New Album ANIMA". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  214. ^ Schatz, Lake (2 December 2019). "Radiohead's Ed O'Brien to release debut solo album in 2020, new single "Brasil" coming this week". Consequence of Sound. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  215. ^ Daniell, Mark (17 April 2020). "Radiohead's Ed O'Brien on going solo: 'Something was missing'". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  216. ^ Young, Alex (5 October 2017). "Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame 2018 nominees: Radiohead, Rage Against the Machine, Kate Bush". Consequence of Sound. Archived from the original on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  217. ^ Jump up to: a b Greene, Andy; Wang, Amy X. (30 March 2019). "Read the Heartfelt Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Speeches by (Some of) Radiohead". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  218. ^ Ben Beaumont-Thomas, 'Radiohead release hours of hacked MiniDiscs to benefit Extinction Rebellion' Archived 11 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian 11 June 2019.
  219. ^ "Radiohead puts every official album on YouTube, making them all free to stream". Open Culture. 21 December 2019. Archived from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  220. ^ Kaufman, Gil. "Radiohead Open 'Public Library' With Rarities, Videos, Hard-to-Find Merch & More". Billboard. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  221. ^ Savage, Mark (2 June 2020). "TV, radio and music stars mark 'Blackout Tuesday'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  222. ^ "Radiohead's Thom Yorke and Jonny Greenwood form new project, the Smile". The Guardian. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  223. ^ Petridis, Alexis (23 May 2021). "Live at Worthy Farm review – beautiful music marred by technical meltdown". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  224. ^ "Radiohead: Biography". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2009. ...the biggest art-rock act since Pink Floyd...
  225. ^ "Radiohead - British rock group". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 August 2015. ...arguably the most accomplished art-rock band of the early 21st century...
  226. ^ Lahann, Michael (2 May 2016). "All Surprises: Radiohead and the Art of Unconventional Album Releases". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  227. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Radiohead biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  228. ^ Young, Alex (21 January 2016). "Radiohead will tour in 2016". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  229. ^ Robinson, Will (12 January 2016). "Sam Smith Hasn't Heard Radiohead's Spectre Theme". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  230. ^ [227][228][229]
  231. ^ "Ranked: Radiohead". Under the Radar. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  232. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Kid A – Radiohead". AllMusic. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  233. ^ [231][232]
  234. ^ Iadarola, Alexander. "Why We're Happy Holly Herndon Is Touring with Radiohead". Thump. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  235. ^ "True Love Waits—Christopher O'Riley Plays Radiohead". Billboard. 21 June 2003. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  236. ^ [234][235]
  237. ^ "Exit Music: How Radiohead's OK Computer Destroyed the Art-Pop Album in Order to Save It". Pitchfork. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  238. ^ "Radiohead started a sonic revolution 25 years ago, and is still leading it". 23 April 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  239. ^ Taysom, Joe (10 July 2021). "Watch Radiohead give a beautiful acoustic performance of 'No Surprises' from 2003". Far Out. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  240. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "WTF with Marc Maron [Thom Yorke audio interview]". youtube. 25 May 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2015. I love Queen, they are great when I was really small [...] and then as I hit as a teenager, the band that really changed my life was R.E.M. and Siouxsie and the Banshees, Joy Division and Bob Dylan
    Klingman, Jeff (22 July 2013). "10 Bullet Points from the Thom Yorke Interview on WTF with Marc Maron". TheLmagazine.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  241. ^ "Ed O'Brien about John McGeoch". Ed O'Brien Official website. 18 September 2020. Archived from the original on 11 December 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  242. ^ [2][10][24]
  243. ^ Gillespie, Ian (17 August 1997). "It all got very surreal". London Free Press. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 21 April 2007.
  244. ^ Jump up to: a b c Varga, George. "Radiohead's Jazz Frequencies". Jazz Times. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  245. ^ "How jazz secretly invaded pop music". 11 April 2012. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  246. ^ Zoric, Lauren (22 September 2000). "I think I'm meant to be dead ..." The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
  247. ^ "Splitting Atoms". Dazed. February 2013.
  248. ^ Zoric, Lauren (1 October 2000). "Fitter, Happier, More Productive". Juice.
  249. ^ "Radiohead's Secret Influences, from Fleetwood Mac to Thomas Pynchon". Rolling Stone. 24 January 2008. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2008.
  250. ^ Kent, Nick (1 August 2006). "Ghost in the Machine". Mojo. pp. 74–82.
  251. ^ "Radiohead: Everything In Its Right Place". NPR. 6 October 2011. Archived from the original on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  252. ^ "Ed O'Brien – 100 Greatest Guitarists: David Fricke's Picks". 3 December 2010. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  253. ^ Pareles, Jon (8 May 2016). "Review: In Radiohead's 'A Moon Shaped Pool,' Patient Perfectionism". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  254. ^ "Radiohead: Biography". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  255. ^ Dalton, Stephen (1 April 2004). "Are we having fun yet?". The Age. Melbourne. Archived from the original on 12 January 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2007.
  256. ^ Jonathan, Emma. "BBC Worldwide takes exclusive Radiohead performance to the world" Archived 7 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine (press release). BBC. 3 May 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
  257. ^ "Radiohead gun for Beatles' Revolver". BBC News. 3 September 2000. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2008.
    "Radiohead — In Rainbows Is Overwhelming Critics Choice for Top Album". Contact Music. 18 December 2007. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2009.
  258. ^ "100 Greatest Guitarists: Jonny Greenwood". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  259. ^ "Ed O'Brien – 100 Greatest Guitarists: David Fricke's Picks". Rolling Stone. 3 December 2010. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  260. ^ "100 Greatest Singers: Thom Yorke". Rolling Stone. 7 October 1968. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  261. ^ "Green Day Named Top Artists Of The Decade By Rolling Stone Readers". MTV News. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  262. ^ "NPR : The All-Time Greatest Rock Bands". www.npr.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  263. ^ "VH1 100 Greatest Artists Of All Time". Stereogum. 3 September 2010. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  264. ^ "The 20 greatest British rock bands of all time". Evening Standard. 7 November 2017. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  265. ^ "How Radiohead Became The Beatles Of The 21st Century | NME". NME. 7 October 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  266. ^ "Why Radiohead Is One Of The Best Bands Of Our Era". The Odyssey Online. 21 November 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  267. ^ Pollard, Matthew (17 April 2020). "Radiohead Albums Ranked". ClassicRockHistory.com. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  268. ^ Clément, Guillaume (15 June 2017). "Activism and Environmentalism in British Rock Music: the Case of Radiohead". Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique. French Journal of British Studies. 22 (XXII-3). doi:10.4000/rfcb.1499. ISSN 0248-9015.
  269. ^ "Radiohead | Members, Albums, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  270. ^ Andrew Harrison (12 October 2016). "How Radiohead Changed Music Forever". Esquire. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  271. ^ "NME names Radiohead most influential act in music". EW.com. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  272. ^ "The 50 albums that changed music". The Observer. 16 July 2006. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  273. ^ Jump up to: a b "The 50 Best Britpop Albums". Pitchfork. 29 March 2017. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  274. ^ Jump up to: a b "Radiohead | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  275. ^ Haynes, Gavin (7 October 2014). "How Radiohead Became The Beatles Of The 21st Century". NME. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  276. ^ Brooks, Daphne A. (2 October 2020). "Why Radiohead are the Blackest white band of our times". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  277. ^ Blistein, Jon; Wang, Amy X. (30 March 2019). "Read David Byrne's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Tribute to Radiohead". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  278. ^ Hyden, Steven (29 September 2015). "How Radiohead's 'Kid A' Kicked Off the Streaming Revolution". Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  279. ^ Jump up to: a b DeSantis, Nick. "Radiohead's Digital Album Sales, Visualized". Forbes. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  280. ^ Paytress, Mark (1 January 2008). "Chasing Rainbows". Mojo.
  281. ^ Pareles, Jon (9 December 2007). "Pay What You Want for This Article". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2007.
  282. ^ Jump up to: a b McKinnon, Matthew (24 July 2006). "Everything in Its Right Place". CBC. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
  283. ^ Yoo, Noah. "Radiohead Join TikTok, Reveal New Chieftain Mews Video". Pitchfork. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  284. ^ "Nigel Godrich interview: Radiohead and I have a profound relationship". 6 July 2016. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  285. ^ "Inside the artwork: Radiohead art collaborator Stanley Donwood talks 'In Rainbows' and LP9". DIY. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  286. ^ "Dilly Gent videography". mvdbase.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2007.
  287. ^ Fischer, Jonathan L. (14 March 2011). "Strobe Lights and Blown Speakers: Radiohead's Light Design". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  288. ^ Emerick, Donny (October 2008). "Tour Profile: Radiohead". Mixonline. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  289. ^ White, James (20 June 2019). "Paul Thomas Anderson And Thom Yorke Tease Short Film Anima". Empire. Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  290. ^ Tyrangiel, Josh (1 October 2007). "Radiohead Says: Pay What You Want". Time. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  291. ^ Forde, Eamonn (18 February 2019). "Chasing rainbows: inside the battle between Radiohead and EMI's Guy Hands". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  292. ^ McLean, Craig (9 December 2007). "Caught in the flash". The Observer. London. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
  293. ^ "EMI split blamed on Radiohead's £10m advance demands". The Independent. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  294. ^ "Radiohead sue Parlophone, lawyers debate possible impact | Complete Music Update". www.completemusicupdate.com. Archived from the original on 1 November 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  295. ^ Sweney, Mark (21 September 2012). "Universal's £1.2bn EMI takeover approved – with conditions". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  296. ^ Knopper, Steve (8 February 2013). "Pink Floyd, Radiohead catalogs change label hands". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018.
  297. ^ Trendell, Andrew. "Here's why so many Radiohead songs disappeared from Spotify + streaming". Gigwise. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.

Sources

  • Buckley, Peter (2003), The Rough Guide to Rock, Rough Guides, ISBN 1-84353-105-4
  • Clarke, Martin. Radiohead: Hysterical and Useless. 2000. ISBN 0-85965-332-3
  • Griffiths, Dai (2004), OK Computer, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 0-8264-1663-2
  • Randall, Mac. Exit Music: The Radiohead Story. 2000. ISBN 0-385-33393-5
  • Reising, Russell (2005), Speak to Me, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, ISBN 0-7546-4019-1

Further reading

  • Doheny, James. Radiohead: Back to Save the Universe. 2002. ISBN 0-8264-1663-2
  • Forbes, Brandon W. and Reisch, George A. (eds). Radiohead and Philosophy: Fitter Happier More Deductive. 2009. ISBN 0-8126-9664-6
  • Hale, Jonathan. Radiohead: From a Great Height. 1999. ISBN 1-55022-373-9
  • Johnstone, Nick. Radiohead: An Illustrated Biography. 1997. ISBN 0-7119-6581-1
  • Letts, Marianne Tatom. Radiohead and the Resistant Concept Album. 2010. ISBN 978-0-253-22272-5
  • Paytress, Mark. Radiohead: The Complete Guide to their Music. 2005. ISBN 1-84449-507-8
  • Tate, Joseph (ed). The Music and Art of Radiohead. 2005. ISBN 0-7546-3979-7.

External links

Retrieved from ""