Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft

hideThis article has multiple issues. Please help or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article possibly contains original research. Please by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:  –  ·  ·  · scholar · JSTOR (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) show This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (December 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 6,524 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated page}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation. (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft mbh

Type	Radio network; Television station
Country	Weimar Republic; Nazi Germany
Availability	National and international
Owner	Deutsche Reichspost; Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (from 1933)
Key people	Hans Bredow, Eugen Hadamovsky
Launch date	15 May 1925[1]
Dissolved	1951-1961 (liquidation)[1]
Replaced by	ARD (1950 to now); Rundfunk der DDR (1952-91)

The Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft (RRG; Reich Broadcasting Corporation)^[2] was a national network of German regional public radio and television broadcasting companies active from 1925 until 1945. RRG's broadcasts were receivable in all parts of Germany and were used extensively for Nazi propaganda after 1933.

Historical recordings of RRG broadcasts are today held by the German Broadcasting Archive.^[3]

History[]

The company was established in Berlin on 15 May 1925 with a start capital of 100,000 Reichsmark^[1][4] as an umbrella organisation^[4] by nine regional broadcasters – that is to say, all of the German radio stations other than the Deutsche Stunde in Bayern ^[5] – serving the various states of the Weimar Republic.^[6] From 1926, a majority share was held by the state-owned Deutsche Reichspost authority, represented by RF engineer and Reichspostministerium official Hans Bredow as chairman in the rank of a Reichs-Rundfunk-Kommissar.^[1]

The logo of the RRG was designed by German graphic designer .

An official broadcast receiving licence was required for the reception of radio broadcasts at a monthly fee of 2 Reichsmark.^[7] In 1932 there were four million registered radio users^[8](06:32)​ giving the corporation a revenue of four million Reichsmark ^[1]

Original structure[]

Programming was provided by the following eleven regional broadcasting companies:^[6]

• Funk-Stunde AG, Berlin: the first regular broadcaster in Germany (on the air since 29 October 1923), covering the Prussian provinces of Brandenburg, western Pomerania (Stettin) and the northern Province of Saxony (Magdeburg) as well as the eastern parts of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz^[9] On Air 29 October 1923 as the first Radio Station in Germany ^[8]
• Mitteldeutsche Rundfunk AG (MIRAG), Leipzig (on the air since 2 March 1924), covering the Saxony, Thuringia, and the southern part of the Prussian Province of Saxony (Halle) ^[9]
• Deutsche Stunde in Bayern GmbH, Munich (on the air since 30 March 1924) in Bavaria; renamed Bayerischer Rundfunk GmbH on 1 January 1931, it joined the RRG in 1933 ^[1][9]
• Südwestdeutsche Rundfunkdienst AG (SÜWRAG), Frankfurt am Main (since 31 March 1924) in the People's State of Hesse and the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau^[9]
• Nordische Rundfunk AG (NORAG), Hamburg (since 2 May 1924) and Bremen (on the air since 30 November 1924), covering the Prussian provinces of Schleswig-Holstein and Hanover, as well as the Free State of Brunswick, the Free State of Oldenburg and western Mecklenburg-Schwerin; became Norddeutsche Rundfunk GmbH in November 1932^[6][9]
• Süddeutsche Rundfunk AG (SÜRAG), Stuttgart (on the air since 11 May 1924), covering Württemberg, Baden and the Prussian Province of Hohenzollern^[9]
• Schlesische Funkstunde AG (SFAG), Breslau (on the air since 26 May 1924) and Gleiwitz (from 1 November 1925), in the Prussian provinces of Lower and Upper Silesia^[9]
• Ostmarken Rundfunk AG (ORAG), Königsberg (on the air since 14 June 1924), covering the Prussian provinces of East Prussia and eastern Pomerania (Köslin), as well as the Free City of Danzig (see also Radio Königsberg)^[9]
• Westdeutsche Funkstunde AG (WEFAG), Münster (on the air since 10 October 1924) in the Prussian Rhine Province and the Province of Westphalia, renamed Westdeutsche Rundfunk AG (WERAG) in 1926 and headquarters moved to Cologne) ^[9]
• Reichssender Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken (on the air since 1 March 1935) in the Saarland
• Reichssender Wien, Vienna (on the air since 12 March 1938) in Austria

An additional nationwide programme known as the Deutschlandsender was broadcast on longwave from the Königs Wusterhausen radio transmitter of Deutsche Welle GmbH (a separate company which was, however, 70% owned by the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft)^{[citation needed]}.

Regular television programmes were transmitted from Berlin by the Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow^{[citation needed]}.

Headquarters[]

The Haus des Rundfunks in Berlin

On 22 January 1931 the Haus des Rundfunks ("House of Broadcasting"), on Masurenallee in Berlin-Westend, was inaugurated as the official seat of the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft. Designed in 1929 by the architect Hans Poelzig (1869-1936), it is the world's first self-contained broadcasting centre and includes a large concert hall.

The triangular-shaped building also housed the broadcaster Deutsche Welle GmbH and, from 1935 until its relocation in 1937, the Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow television station.

Nationalization[]

Adolf Hitler making his address to the nation at a Funk-Stunde microphone, following his appointment as Reich Chancellor in 1933

In the Summer of 1932 the German government under Chancellor Franz von Papen started to gain control over the broadcasting companies of the RRG, full control over the corporation was reached in 1934.^[6][10] The regional broadcasters were also made reliant on the RRG, becoming local branches.^[11] The management board had to admit a representative, who supervised programming,^[12] delegated by the Minister of the Interior, Wilhelm von Gayl.^[1]

In the course of the Gleichschaltung process after the Machtergreifung in 1933 the RRG was nationalized by the Nazi government and was used extensively by the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda under Joseph Goebbels^[11] to dictate radio programming.^[13] On 30 January 1933, while the new Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick enforced the live broadcast of the torchlight parades, the RRG chairman Hans Bredow resigned and was replaced by Eugen Hadamovsky. Several former managers were arrested and imprisoned. With effect from 1 April 1934 the regional broadcasting companies were incorporated as Reichssender.

Upon the affiliation of the Saar territory in 1935, the regional broadcaster was incorporated as Reichssender Saarbrücken (see Saarländischer Rundfunk). Likewise, after the Austrian Anschluss in 1938, the former Radio Verkehrs AG at Vienna became the Reichssender Wien. On 1 January 1939 the RRG was renamed Großdeutscher Rundfunk.

After the Invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 upon the staged Gleiwitz incident, the former RRG became a vital instrument of wartime propaganda, especially by the daily Wehrmachtsbericht and the popular request show Wunschkonzert für die Wehrmacht (see Wunschkonzert). From 9 July 1940 onwards all Reichssender aired the same uniform nationwide program, which ended with the occupation of the Haus des Rundfunks by the Red Army during the Battle of Berlin on 2 May 1945.

Technical achievements[]

RRG engineers were responsible for important advances in sound-recording technology.

Walter Weber, while working for Hans Joachim von Braunmühl at the RRG, made many improvements in the field of magnetic tape sound recording. The most widely significant was the discovery of high frequency bias. This provided a major improvement in the fidelity of recordings.^[14] Others made the same discovery of HF bias before and after, but it was Weber's work that became widely used.

See also[]

• Volksempfänger
• Nazi propaganda

References[]