SP1900 EMU

SP1900 EMU (IKK Train)
SP1900 / SP1950 / KRS991 / 1151
港鐵近畿川崎列車
SP1900 EMU (IKK Train); SP1900 / SP1950 / KRS991 / 1151; 港鐵近畿川崎列車
	E217 at Kowloon Tong
	The interior of a Tuen Ma line SP1900 EMU
In service	2001-present
Manufacturer	Kinki Sharyo, Kawasaki
Order no.	SP1900, SP1950, KRS991, 1151
Built at	Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
Constructed	1999-2000 (East Rail line) ; 2002-2003, 2007, 2015, 2016, 2017 (West Rail line); 2003-2004 (Tuen Ma line Phase 1)
Entered service	2001 (East Rail line) ; 2003, 2008, 2016-2018 (After refurbishment) (West Rail line); 2004, 2017-2018 (After refurbishment) (Tuen Ma line Phase 1)
Refurbished	2015-2021/2022
Scrapped	2001/2003/2004/2007/2016
Number in service	80 cars (Awaiting conversion, from East Rail line and Ma On Shan line); 264 cars (West Rail line); 40 cars (Tuen Ma line Phase 1)
Number scrapped	8 cars (driving trailer cars unable to be formed as a complete train)
Formation	8-car
Fleet numbers	D301-396
Capacity	C, H, M, P Cars: 452; D Cars: 430; F Cars: 72 (excluding standing capacity) / 216 (with standing capacity)
Operator(s)	KCR (2001-2007); MTR (2007-present); (Still owned by the KCR Corporation).
Depot(s)	Pat Heung, Tai Wai (SP1950 trains only)
Line(s) served	Tuen Ma line
Specifications
Car body construction	Stainless Steel
Car length	24,820 mm (81 ft 5.2 in) (cars with driver cab) / 23,216 mm (76 ft 2.0 in) (other cars)
Width	3,100 mm (10 ft 2.05 in)
Height	3,990 mm (13 ft 1.09 in) (without pantograph or air conditioner)
Floor height	1,070 mm (3 ft 6.1 in) (ever-so-slightly higher than MLR) (Under the Wires to Lo Wu, The Railway Magazine, November 1983)
Platform height	1,066.8 mm (3 ft 6.0 in) (Under the Wires to Lo Wu, The Railway Magazine, November 1983)
Doors	5 (Standard compartment)
Maximum speed	Design speed 160 km/h (99 mph); ATO limitation 110 km/h (68 mph); 130 km/h (81 mph); (West Rail line); 120 km/h (75 mph); (Tuen Ma line Phase 1)
Weight	37 t (36.4 long tons; 40.8 short tons)
Traction system	3300V-1200A-IPM MAP-242-A25V93A 2-level IGBT-VVVF; (Mitsubishi Electric); 0-200 Hz
Traction motors	MB-5084-A 3-phase AC induction motor; (Mitsubishi Electric)
Power output	240 kW or 321.8 hp per motor; 3,840 kW or 5,149.5 hp; (WRL set); 1,920 kW or 2,574.8 hp; (TML1 set)
Acceleration	1.0 m/s2 (3.3 ft/s2); (3.6 km/(h⋅s) or 2.24 mph/s)
Deceleration	Service: 1.0 m/s2 (3.3 ft/s2); (3.6 km/(h⋅s) or 2.24 mph/s); Emergency: 1.35 m/s2 (4.4 ft/s2); (4.86 km/(h⋅s) or 3.02 mph/s)
Power supply	Mitsubishi Electric ATM5 Transformer, 2610 KVA Capacity, PWM 2-Level control, forced air cooling system
Electric system(s)	25 kV 50 Hz AC Catenary
Current collection method	Pantograph
Braking system(s)	Regenerative and Pneumatic
Safety system(s)	SelTrac
Coupling system	Tightlock coupling (end cars)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Notes
	Door centres: 3,800 mm (12 ft 5.606 in); Door width: 1,400 mm (4 ft 7.118 in)

The SP1900 EMU / SP1950 EMU or IKK Train (formerly KCR EMU SP1900 / SP1950 EMU; 港鐵近畿川崎列車, also known as the Millennium Train during the public promotion) is a model of train that runs on Hong Kong's Tuen Ma line. It was the second model of electric multiple unit rolling stock of the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC) (after the Metro Cammell EMU, introduced in the 1980s).

The trains were delivered in several phases. The phases have different model numbers but an identical appearance. The models numbers include: SP1900, SP1950, KRS991 and 1151. Unless specified, the name SP1900 would apply to describe all the model numbers in this article. Another model, 1141A (MTR CRRC Changchun EMU), is similar in design to the SP1900, but was built by a different manufacturer and has a slightly different appearance. After the rail merger, the KCR logos on the SP1900 EMU were replaced with those of MTR, and a revised route map was introduced in the train interiors.

History[]

On 8 March 1999, a Japanese consortium comprising Itochu, Kinki Sharyo and Kawasaki Heavy Industries (collectively named IKK) won a HK$3.1-billion contract to build a new model of commuter train for the Kowloon��Canton Railway (KCR).^[1] The contract code of these trains is SP1900, based on the technology of JR East E231 series. KCRC has arranged ninety-six cars of 250, in twelve-car configuration, 8 sets of train joining the train fleet of KCR East Rail with the existing Metro Cammell EMU. The SP1900 trains started service on the East Rail line in 2001. It is known for its quiet design compared to former EMUs.

The remaining 154 cars were reserved until the inauguration of West Rail line in December 2003. They had been arranged in seven-car configuration, with 22 sets of trains running on the system.

In December 2000, KCRC reordered 72 cars of the same model, with different contract code, SP1950, prepared for the inauguration of Ma On Shan line in December 2004, totalling 18 sets of train in four-car configuration.

In January 2006, another contract KRS991 was signed by the KCRC, ordering an additional 34 compartments of the same model, in preparation for the Kowloon Southern Link, which was opened in 2009. Twenty-eight of them were formed into four seven-car trains, and the remaining six compartments joined eight existing ones from two trains on Ma On Shan line to form another two seven-car trains. The new trains arrived from October 2007 and now serve the West Rail line.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Design and capacity[]

The SP1900 trains feature a completely difference appearance from the older Metro-Cammell EMU on the East Rail Line. Most notably, the "head" car, D car, presents a slight bullet train-shaped head for better acceleration against air drag at high speeds. Its exterior livery is almost identical to the older trains following refurbishment, with five sliding doors on each side of the standard compartment and two on each side of the first class compartment, of which one is normally unused.

The interior of SP1900 is yellowish with blue flooring, with fully longitudinal seating akin to the M-Trains on the urban lines and a wider gangway connection than the refurbished Metro Cammell EMUs. Each car has six 15-inch LCD monitors mounted on stanchions and broadcasting looping daily TV news provided by Cable TV Hong Kong (Newsline Express), advertisements and safety guidelines when announcements are being broadcast. Two small video cameras are mounted in opposite positions on each car for driver to keep the train under surveillance.

Whereas manufacturer Kinki Sharyo listed capacity (standing and seating) upward of 430 for D-cars and 452 for others, as well as 72 seats for first-class carriages,^[5] MTR's corporate publications specifies that car capacities in the three lines as "52 seated and up to 286 standing", with first-class compartment allowing "72 seated and up to 144 standing".^[6]

In 2007, KCRC introduced customized "Art Unlimited" exterior wraps on one East Rail set and one West Rail set, featuring pro-modern plane art exhibitions dedicated by public volunteers on both the exterior and interior of the train compartments. The wraps were removed right before the operator's merger with MTRC by the end of that year.

Signalling variance on the individual lines resulted in trains on the East Rail line being installed with TBL (enhanced with ATP). Trains on the other two routes has been installed the SelTrac (ATO / ATP). The control and monitor panel inside the driver cab is different between the two controlling systems, in spite of the fact that they're mounted on the same model of train.

Conversion[]

SP1900 seen on the left together with the EWL C-Train on the right, showing the differences between the cab end designs

In 24 January 2014, the MTRC, now operating the West Rail line on KCRC's behalf, ordered another 36 new cars (under contract number 1151) to convert the SP1900 sets on all three lines to 8-car configurations for the future Tuen Ma line (previously known as the East West Corrridor). The newly converted SP1900 trains are also retrofitted with dynamic route map displays to replace the plastic map stickers above the doorways, and received larger 22-inch LCD TVs. They retain the KCR livery with blue bodies and red doors, and will operate solely on the Tuen Ma line. Until the full opening of the line in 2021, the converted trains continue to serve separately on the West Rail and Ma On Shan lines, but will be withdrawn from the East Rail line and be replaced with new Hyundai Rotem EMUs.

A separate order was also made for 136 carriages from Changchun Railway Vehicles to form several new 8-car sets for the East West Corridor, operating alongside the SP1900 sets. Unlike the IKK trains, these new trains (under contract number 1141A) have the same livery as the SIL C-Trains and R-Trains on the North South Corridor, and are essentially facelifted versions of the SP1900 design, with major differences being the cab ends and electrical equipment. These trains are called the TML C-Train and entered service on the Ma On Shan line in 12 March 2017.

The SP1900 EMUs were eventually withdrawn from East Rail line service on 6 February 2021, when the Trainguard MT system was adopted on the line. Apart from 8 carriages that will be removed from revenue service for good due to severe structural cracks on the roof, all other former East Rail line units will undergo conversion works for use on Tuen Ma line.

After the launch of the new signal system, there East Rail SP1900 are storage for two week, so that it can be used again when switching to the old system in the event of a serious accident.

Major incidents[]

At 09:15 on 14 February 2007, a passenger train of West Rail SP1900 (D305/306) broke down when one of the transformers (numbered P306) mounted on the train roof exploded. It is suspected that the overheated transformer caused its insulating oil to vaporise, thus causing the explosion. In addition, the circuit breaker of the transformer apparently failed to cut the power supply to the transformer.

The scene was in the Tai Lam Tunnel southbound track, about 2 km from Tsuen Wan West station. Around 650 passengers had to evacuate through the dark tunnel to the station, and around 340 people returned to the ground through a ventilation shaft at Chai Wan Kok. 11 passengers were sent to the hospital. Train services returned to normal after four hours.^[7]

As a gesture of apology, Mr Michael Tien, the KCRC chairman, announced that the West Rail would be opened for free rides on 9am to 1pm at February 21, 2007, the first working day after the Chinese New Year holiday.^[8]

Train configurations[]

Cars of SP1900 / SP1950 train
car type	driving cab	hostler	motor	pantograph	length (mm)	seats	standing capacity	total
car type	driving cab	hostler	motor	pantograph	length (mm)	seats	standing capacity	WR	TM1	Spare
D car	✓	✗	✗	✗	24820	48	382	66	10	20
P car	✗	✗	✓	✓	23216	50	402	66	10	20
M car	✗	✗	✓	✗	23216	50/52	400/402	66	10	20
H car	✗	✓	✗	✗	23216	50/52	400/402	33	5	10
C car	✗	✗	✗	✗	23216	50	402	33	5	10

The current configuration of SP1900/SP1950/C1151 trains have revenue service of (southbound) D-P-M-H-C-M-P-D (northbound). Formerly, there were different configurations. For East Rail line, a SP1900 train in revenue service is (southbound) D-P-M-H-C-H-M-P-F-M-P-D (northbound). For West Rail line, a SP1900/SP1950 trains have revenue service of (southbound) D-P-M-C-M-P-D (northbound). On Ma On Shan line, a SP1950 train have revenue service of (southbound) D-P-M-D (northbound). Quiet cars are on all D cars (cars 1 and 8, 8-car trains only). Formerly, there were different arranges. East Rail line are cars 1, 4, 11 (southbound) and cars 2, 9, 12 (northbound). For West Rail line, quiet cars are in cars 1, 4 (southbound), cars 4, 7 (northbound, ). For 4-car trains on Ma On Shan line, all M cars (car 2, northbound or car 3, southbound) are quiet cars. The English letter prefix indicates the type of car.