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Six Flags

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Six Flags Entertainment Corporation
FormerlySix Flags, Inc. (2000–2010)
TypePublic
IndustryTheme parks
FoundedAugust 5, 1961; 60 years ago (1961-08-05)
FounderAngus G. Wynne
HeadquartersArlington, Texas, U.S.
Number of locations
27
Area served
  • United States
  • Mexico
  • Canada
Key people
Mike Spanos (President & CEO)
Laura W. Doerre (Executive Vice President, General Counsel)
Leonard A. Russ (Interim CFO)
RevenueIncrease US$1.487 billion (2019)[1]
Increase US$411.86 million (2018)[2]
Decrease US$179 million (2019)[1]
Number of employees
1,900 full-time; 27,000 seasonal
Websitesixflags.com

Six Flags Entertainment Corporation, more commonly known as Six Flags or as Six Flags Theme Parks, is an American amusement park corporation, headquartered in Arlington, Texas. It has properties in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Six Flags owns more theme parks and waterparks combined than any other amusement park company in the world, and has the seventh-highest attendance in the world.[3] The company operates 27 properties throughout North America, including theme parks, amusement parks, water parks and a family entertainment center. In 2019, Six Flags properties hosted 32.8 million guests.[4][1]

Six Flags was founded in the 1960s and derived its name from its first property, Six Flags Over Texas. The company maintains a corporate office in Midtown Manhattan, while its headquarters are in Arlington, Texas. On June 13, 2009, the corporation filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection due to crippling debt, which it successfully exited after corporate restructuring on May 3, 2010.[5][6][7]

History[]

Origin[]

The Six Flags & Texas Railroad at Six Flags Over Texas (2007)

The name "Six Flags" originally referred to the flags of the six different nations that have governed Texas: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of Texas, the United States (Union) and the Confederate States of America.[8] Six Flags parks are still divided into different themed sections, although many of the original areas from the first three parks have been replaced.

Six Flags Theme Parks originated in 1957 with the creation of The Great Southwest Corporation by Angus G. Wynne and other investors. Construction of Six Flags Over Texas started in 1960 and the park opened the next year for a short (45-day) season. The park initially featured a Native American village, a gondola ride, a railroad, some Wild West shows, a stagecoach ride and "Skull Island", a pirate-themed adventure attraction. There was also an excursion, inspired by the historical La Salle Expeditions in the late 1600s, called "LaSalle's River Adventure", aboard French riverboats through a wilderness full of animated puppets.[9][10] Over the years, all of those attractions, except the railroad, were replaced by others, such as roller coasters, swing rides, log flumes and shoot-the-chute rides, as well as an observation tower.

Growth and acquisitions[]

The original Six Flags park, Six Flags Over Texas in Arlington (between Dallas and Fort Worth), was sold in 1966 to a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which was actively pursuing non-railroad investments in an effort to diversify its sources of income (in 1968, the Pennsylvania Railroad merged with the New York Central Railroad to form Penn Central Corp which was absorbed into Conrail in 1976.) With the new owners came a more abundant supply of capital for geographic expansion and park additions. Six Flags opened Six Flags Over Georgia in 1967 and Six Flags Over Mid-America in 1971, which were the last two original parks constructed by the company.

Six Flags continued to grow by acquiring independent parks. Six Flags purchased AstroWorld in Houston, Texas, in 1975; Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey, in 1977; and Magic Mountain in Valencia, California, in 1979. These purchases were followed by Penn Central selling assets to Bally Manufacturing in 1982.

In 1984, the Great America theme park in Gurnee, Illinois, was acquired from the Marriott hotel chain.[11]

Also in 1984, as a result of its acquisition of Great America, Six Flags acquired the rights to Time Warner/Warner Bros.' Looney Tunes animated characters for use in Six Flags properties. Bally surrendered control of the chain to Wesray Capital Corporation in a 1987 leveraged buyout. Time Warner quickly began to gain more leverage in the company, gaining a 19.5% stake in Six Flags in 1990 and then 50% in 1991, with the remaining shares of the company being split by Blackstone Group and Wertheim Schroder & Company. Time Warner purchased the remaining stake in Six Flags in 1993, changing the company's name from Six Flags Corp. to Six Flags Theme Parks, Inc. In 1995, in an effort to reduce its debt load, Time Warner sold 51% of Six Flags for $200 million in cash to an investment group led by Boston Ventures, shifting $800 million in debt to Six Flags.[12][13]

In 1996, Six Flags began to manage Fiesta Texas theme park in San Antonio, Texas, with a ten-year option to buy,[14] and purchased the park (as Premier) from USAA in 1998.[15]

History of Premier Parks[]

Premier Parks originally operated as the Tierco Group, Inc., an Oklahoma-based real estate company. The company purchased the Frontier City theme park in Oklahoma City in 1982 for $1.2 million, although Tierco had no intention of entering the amusement park business. Company officials described Frontier City as "beat up" and "run down"; they planned to demolish it, subdivide the land and build a shopping center. However, given an oil bust in Oklahoma, developers lost interest in converting the park into a shopping center. In 1984, Tierco hired Gary Story as general manager of Frontier City and invested about $13 million into improving the park. As the new head of Frontier City, he quadrupled the park's attendance and revenues. Under his leadership, two rides, a ticket booth, sales office, and a petting zoo were added to the park. Food service improved.

In 1988, Tierco shifted its strategic direction to amusement parks. It sold much of its property in the late 1980s, generating capital to reinvest in Frontier City. As this reinvestment paid off, more capital became available, creating further growth. By 1991, Tierco opened White Water waterpark in Oklahoma City (the name later became Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Oklahoma City). The company realized the key to boosting a park's attendance was to add new and exciting rides and make it family-friendly.

Tierco acquired the financially troubled Wild World in Largo, Maryland, in 1992 and later changed that park's name to Adventure World. With a $500,000 investment, Tierco expanded Wild World's kiddie section and remodeled its buildings to give the park a tropical look and feel. Story was promoted to executive vice president after the purchase of Wild World. In 1994, he was promoted again to president and chief operating officer (COO). More flat rides and two roller coasters were added to that park.

Since Tierco was on its way to becoming a "premier" regional theme park operator, in 1994 it changed its name to Premier Parks, Inc. Kieran E. Burke, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO), noted that the new name signified the beginning of a new era for the company.

In the second half of the 1990s, Premier picked up speed. In 1995, the company acquired these Funtime, Inc. properties: Geauga Lake near Cleveland, Ohio, Wyandot Lake in Powell, Ohio and Darien Lake near Buffalo, New York. In 1996, Premier added to its portfolio, buying Elitch Gardens in Denver, Colorado, the Waterworld USA waterparks in Sacramento and Concord, California, Riverside Park in Agawam, Massachusetts, and Great Escape and Splashwater Kingdom in Lake George, New York.

Geauga Lake, Wyandot Lake and Adventure World included water parks, while Frontier City was 14.8 miles away from White Water Bay that required separate admission. Riverside added one just before being sold. Premier Parks, in 1995 and 1996, added water parks to Darien Lake, Lake Compounce (immediately before the Kennywood sale), Elitch Gardens, and Great Escape.

Premier went public in 1996 and raised nearly $70 million through an initial offering at $18 per share. The company planned to use the money to expand its ten parks and acquire others. On September 26, 1997, Premier announced that they would purchase Kentucky Kingdom in Louisville for $64 million, the deal finalized on November 7.[16] Also that year, the company purchased Marine World near San Francisco. A second public offering, at $29 per share, raised an additional $2 million. In December 1997, Premier entered a definitive agreement to purchase a controlling 94 percent interest in Walibi Family Parks in Europe. The deal was finalized in March 1998 adding five Walibi Parks and Bellewaerde to the chain.[17] In 1997, almost 11 million people visited parks owned Premier.[18]

Premier added amusement park rides and roller coasters to Marine World in 1998.

Acquisition of Six Flags by Premier Parks[]

Premier Parks purchased Six Flags Theme Parks, Inc. from Time Warner on April 1, 1998, for $1.86 billion.[19] Premier began to apply the Six Flags name to several smaller parks that the company had already owned: Darien Lake, Elitch Gardens, Kentucky Kingdom and Marine World. Adventure World was rebranded as Six Flags America.

In 1999, Premier Parks purchased Warner Bros. Movie World Germany and the yet-to-be-built Warner Bros. Movie World Madrid from Warner Bros. As part of the acquisition, Premier Parks had the opportunity to open more European theme parks with Warner Bros. Movie World branding. Warner Bros. Movie World on the Gold Coast, Australia was not part of the deal. The same transaction saw Premier Parks obtain exclusive rights for Warner Bros. licensing in Europe and Latin America, in addition to their existing rights for the United States and Canada.[20] In March 1999, Premier Parks purchased Reino Aventura for an estimated $59 million.[21]

In 2000, Premier Parks assumed the Six Flags Theme Parks, Inc. name and continued re-branding its parks, including Geauga Lake park into Six Flags Ohio and Riverside Park to Six Flags New England. The company also rebranded one of the recently acquired Walibi parks — Walibi Flevo as Six Flags Holland, and Mexico's Reino Aventura as Six Flags Mexico.

In 2001, Six Flags acquired the former SeaWorld Ohio from Anheuser-Busch, merged it with the adjacent Six Flags Ohio and re-branded the combined park as Six Flags Worlds of Adventure.[22] The park was positioned to compete against northern Ohio's Cedar Point. In May 2001, Six Flags negotiated with the city of Montreal to operate La Ronde in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Six Flags acquired the assets of the park and has a long-term contract to lease the land from the city. Walibi Wavre was rebranded as Six Flags Belgium.

Asset sales and shareholder revolt[]

On August 29, 2005, Six Flags New Orleans was severely damaged by Hurricane Katrina, leading to its closure.

In 2004, Six Flags began to close and sell properties in an effort to help alleviate the company's growing debt. On March 10, Six Flags sold its European parks, with the exception of the Movie World park in Madrid, Spain, to Star Parks, a division of Palamon Capital Partners.[23] The Madrid park was sold back to Time Warner and renamed "Parque Warner Madrid".[24] In April, Six Flags determined that the investment required to keep Worlds of Adventure competitive with Cedar Point in Ohio would be too great, leading to that park being sold to Cedar Fair. All Looney Tunes and DC Comics character branding was removed upon sale to Cedar Fair, since the latter owns the licensing rights to neither franchise.[25] These sales raised $345 million in an effort to relieve Six Flags' massive debt.[26]

In 2005, Six Flags endured even more turmoil. Some of the company's largest investors, notably Bill Gates's Cascade Investments (which then owned about 11% of Six Flags) and Daniel Snyder's Red Zone, LLC (which owned 12%), demanded change. On August 17, 2005, Red Zone began a proxy battle to gain control of Six Flags' board of directors. On August 29, 2005, Six Flags New Orleans was severely damaged by Hurricane Katrina, and has since sat abandoned.[27]

On September 12, Six Flags Chief Executive Officer Kieran Burke announced that Six Flags AstroWorld would be closed and demolished at the end of the 2005 season. The company cited issues such as the park's performance, and parking issues involving the Houston Texans football team, Reliant Stadium, and the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, leveraged with the estimated value of the property which included the park. Company executives were expecting to receive upwards of $150 million for the real estate but ended up receiving $77 million when the bare property (which cost $20 million to clear) was sold to a development corporation in 2006.[28]

On November 22, Red Zone announced it had gained control of the board. Kieran Burke was removed on December 14 and replaced by Mark Shapiro, former executive vice president of programming at ESPN. Six Flags then named former Representative Jack Kemp, entertainment mogul Harvey Weinstein and Michael Kassan, the former president of the Interpublic Group of Companies Incorporated, to their newly revamped board of directors.

Even with the new management team, the sell-off would continue into 2006. On January 27, Six Flags announced the sale of Frontier City and White Water Bay after the 2006 operating season. At the same time, Six Flags announced it would close corporate offices in Oklahoma City, moving its headquarters to New York City. Six Flags CEO Mark Shapiro said he expected the parks to continue operation after the sale, a lesson the company learned after its public relations debacle with the closure of AstroWorld. In June, Six Flags announced it was considering closing or selling up to six of its parks, including Elitch Gardens, Darien Lake, WaterWorld in Concord, California, Wild Waves and Enchanted Village in Federal Way, Washington, Splashtown in Houston, Texas and, most notably, Six Flags Magic Mountain.[29] In addition, Six Flags announced the sale of Wyandot Lake in Powell, Ohio to the neighboring Columbus Zoo and Aquarium.[30] Ultimately, Six Flags Magic Mountain was spared, with the remaining six parks sold on January 11, 2007, to CNL Lifestyle Properties for $312 million: $275 million cash and a note for $37 million.[31]

Bankruptcy[]

The company's cash flow had decreased by over $120 million annually during the Shapiro years. In October 2008, Six Flags was warned its stock value had fallen below the required minimums to remain listed on the New York Stock Exchange.[32] With the financial crisis of 2007–2008 weighing both on consumer spending and the ability to access credit facilities, Six Flags was believed to be unable to make a payment to preferred stockholders due in August 2009.[33] Management saw the business as a sound one, noting that attendance across the company's parks increased slightly in 2008 compared to 2007.[32] Six Flags CEO Mark Shapiro said that the company's problem was the declining attendance and cash flow created by his new management initiatives.[32] If not resolved, the company warned in its 2008 annual report[34] that the situation might require a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing, with Six Flags already retaining counsel should that occur.[33] The company stated at the time that it expected business to continue as normal in the event of such a filing,[32] although one analyst believed attendance at the company's parks would decrease by six percent, suggesting parents would be leery of letting their children ride a roller coaster operated by a bankrupt company.[33] In April 2009, the New York Stock Exchange announced it would delist Six Flags' stock on April 20, a decision that the company did not intend to appeal.[35] On June 1, 2009, Six Flags announced they would delay their $15 million debt payment further using a 30-day grace period. Less than two weeks later, on June 13, the firm filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection,[6][36] but issued a statement that the parks would continue to operate normally while the company restructured.[37] On August 21, 2009, Six Flags' Chapter 11 restructuring plan was announced in which lenders would control 92% of the company in exchange for cancelling $1.13 billion in debt.[38]

Six Flags closed Kentucky Kingdom in 2010, after failing to negotiate a lease agreement for the park

One component of the restructuring was negotiating a new lease agreement with the Kentucky State Fair Board, which owned much of the land and attractions for Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom.[39] Six Flags had asked to forgo rent payments for the remaining nine years of its current lease agreement in exchange for profit-sharing from the park's operations.[40] When it appeared that the offer had been rejected, Six Flags announced in February 2010 that it would not re-open the park.[39] However, the Kentucky State Fair Board stated at the time that they were still open to negotiating a revised lease agreement.[41]

On April 28, 2010, the company's bondholders reached an agreement on a reorganization plan.[42] Junior note holders, including hedge funds Stark Investments and Pentwater Capital Management,[7] assumed control of the company, while senior note holders were paid in cash.[42] Despite objections from some parties who stood to gain nothing,[42] the bankruptcy judge approved the plan on April 30, 2010.[43] As part of the settlement, chairman of the board Dan Snyder was removed, while chief executive officer Mark Shapiro briefly remained in his post.[43]

Emergence from bankruptcy[]

Six Flags officially emerged from bankruptcy protection as Six Flags Entertainment Corp. on May 3, 2010, and announced plans to issue new stock on the New York Stock Exchange.[7] Amid suspected disagreements regarding the future of the company with the board, Shapiro left the company and Al Weber, Jr. was brought in as interim president and CEO.[44] The company announced that several corporate positions as well as the corporate headquarters would be relocated from New York City to Grand Prairie, Texas. The building that served as the new headquarters, was located in the Great Southwest Industrial District and was a converted warehouse that had been in use by Six Flags for office space as well as a corporate operations center. Six Flags kept a portion of the Midtown Manhattan office and currently maintains a presence in New York City at that same location.[45]

2010–present[]

Six Flags announced that Jim Reid-Anderson would replace Weber and become chairman, president and chief executive officer (CEO) on August 13, 2010.[46] John Duffey also joined the company in 2010,[47] taking the role of chief financial officer (CFO).[48] As of October 1, 2012, Al Weber, Jr. had retired as chief operating officer (COO) with no immediate successor.

On April 10, 2014, Six Flags announced a strategic partnership with Meraas Leisure and Entertainment (now known as DXB Entertainments) to build a Six Flags-branded theme park in Dubai, reviving the project.[49]

On June 23, 2014, Six Flags also announced a strategic partnership with Riverside Investment Group to build multiple Six Flags-branded theme parks in China over the decade.[50]

On February 18, 2016, Six Flags announced that Jim Reid-Anderson had been promoted as executive chairman and John M. Duffey succeeded him as president and CEO.[47][48]

On January 11, 2016, Six Flags announced Six Flags Zhejiang, then named Six Flags Haiyan, in China. On the same day, a website was created along with concept art for the property.[51] A month later on February 2, 2016. Six Flags announced Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Oaxtepec.[52] The water park, originally named Parque Acuatico Oaxtepec, is a 76-acre park located in Morelos that went bankrupt in 2011.[53]

On March 21, 2016, Six Flags announced a partnership with NaVi Entertainment to build a Six Flags-branded theme park and a Six Flags Hurricane Harbor-branded water park in Vietnam.[54]

On March 29, 2016, Six Flags announced the revival of its previously canceled Six Flags Dubai. As part of the second phase of the Dubai Parks and Resorts project in Jebel Ali, the park was expected to open in 2019.[55]

On July 20, 2016, Six Flags announced an agreement with Riverside Investment Group Co. Ltd. for the development of a second Six Flags-branded theme park in China together with a water park. The two parks will be located in Bishan District, a district of Chongqing.[56]

On April 27, 2017, the company announced it would take over operations of Waterworld California in Concord, California making it Six Flags' 20th property.

On July 18, 2017, Six Flags announced that president and CEO John M. Duffey had retired from the company and Jim Reid-Anderson had re-assumed the roles of chairman, president and CEO.[47][57]

On March 22, 2018, Six Flags and Riverside Group announced a partnership with Turner Asia Pacific to bring Tuzki and other Turner-owned IPs to its theme parks in China.[58]

On May 22, 2018, Six Flags announced the purchase of operating leases for five parks owned by EPR Properties. The parks are Darien Lake, Frontier City, Wet'n'Wild Phoenix, Wet'n'Wild SplashTown and White Water Bay.[59]

On October 9, 2018, Six Flags and Rockford Park District announced a lease agreement allowing Six Flags to operate Magic Waters Waterpark beginning Spring 2019.[60]

On October 24, 2018, Six Flags announced that the future of its Six Flags Dubai theme park was "uncertain" following losses at the company and its partner DXB Entertainments.[61]

On April 24, 2019, DXB Entertainments canceled Six Flags Dubai, stating that the development and establishment of a Six Flags theme park was not in the best interest of the company or its shareholders. Plans were made to direct the available proceeds to enhance the existing theme parks of Motiongate and Bollywood Parks.[62]

West Coast Racers opened on January 9, 2020

On October 2, 2019, Reuters reported that Six Flags Entertainment Corporation had approached competitor Cedar Fair with an acquisition offer. Sources said that Cedar Fair was considering Six Flags' cash-and-stock offer, but there was no certainty that a deal would be reached.[63] On October 4, 2019, Cedar Fair rejected Six Flags’ offer to purchase.[64]

On October 24, 2019, Six Flags Entertainment Corporation announced that Jim Reid-Anderson would retire and Mike Spanos would be president and CEO of the company on November 18, 2019.[65]

On January 10, 2020, Six Flags indicated that its projects in China have not progressed as expected and could be canceled due to debt problems with its partner Riverside Investment Group.[66]

In January 2020, Six Flags finalized plans to move its corporate headquarters to the Centerfield Office Building at Globe Life Park in Arlington, Texas.[67] The offices were remodeled over the summer and Six Flags personnel moved in during the last few months of the year.

On March 13, 2020, with only a few parks already opened for the 2020 season, Six Flags announced that all its properties will suspend operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[68][69] During the closure, parks donated supplies and food to their local communities.[70][71]

As of August 2020, some Six Flags operations were still currently suspended. On May 13, Six Flags announced that when the parks reopen guests will be required to reserve their place online to enter the park, including purchasing their tickets to the park and parking.[72][73] Six Flags Great Adventure opened its drive-through safari to the public on May 30.[74][75] Frontier City became the first park of the company to reopen on June 5, with new health and safety protocols.[76][77] Soon after Frontier City's announcement, several other parks in the company announced their reopening dates.[78][79][80][81]

On March 22, 2021, Six Flags announced the 27th park in the Six Flags chain would be Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Chicago in Gurnee, Illinois, which was attached to Six Flags Great America.[82]

Marketing efforts[]

TV commercials[]

In 2004, although DC Comics and Looney Tunes as well as Scooby-Doo still had a major presence at the parks, Six Flags began a new series of commercials for the parks. The commercials introduced a new mascot: "Mr. Six", a seemingly feeble old man in a tuxedo and red bow tie. In many of the commercials, Mr. Six would slowly exit a multi-colored bus, only to start frenetically dancing to the Vengaboys' "We Like to Party". The commercials were an immediate hit and Mr. Six almost instantly became the de facto mascot and his presence was felt for years after the character was retired. These ads have become widely parodied on the Internet, with faces from other Internet memes being superimposed over Mr. Six's face.

From 2008 to 2010, Six Flags' TV ads consisted of a "Fun-O-Meter" in which the beginning of the ad showed something boring or embarrassing and a man's face judges it "One Flag!" or sometimes " Oh! Two Flags!" Then roller coasters and attractions of Six Flags are shown and says "Six Flags! More Flags, More Fun!" for Six Flags parks. However, the thick accent of the Asian man in the original commercials had drawn criticism for being an offensive caricature.[83] In 2009, the Mr. Six character came back from retirement and replaced the Asian man in Six Flags' ads, still using the Fun-O-Meter. In 2011, Six Flags' TV ads got a brand-new slogan "Go Big! Go Six Flags!" for its theme parks.

Licensing with other brands and companies[]

Six Flags has licensed its name and its theme park creations to other companies, who have used these assets to create licensed products. One notable example is the theme park simulation game Roller Coaster Tycoon 2, which featured recreations of Six Flags parks and rides that could be expanded and operated at the player's discretion.

Six Flags has approximately 18 known partners.[citation needed] These partners include Dole, Armitron, Mike and Ike, Barcel, Good Humor, Nathan's Famous, Coca-Cola, Icee, Ortega, Cold Stone Creamery, J&J Snack Foods, Red Gold, Coppertone, Johnny Rockets, Samsung, Dasani, Mars and Tyson Foods.[citation needed] These businesses help the park generate more income. Most importantly it provides more jobs for prospective employees. For example, Barcel USA expanded its partnership in 2013.[84] This helps to import food and beverages to increase sponsorships within the United States.

In 2008, Six Flags partnered with Brash Entertainment to create a video game based on the Six Flags parks named Six Flags Fun Park.[85] The game was first released on the Nintendo DS on October 28, 2008. The Wii version was delayed while the PC and PlayStation 2 versions were canceled after Brash Entertainment went out of business. On February 24, 2009, the rights to the Wii version were taken over by Ubisoft, who released it on March 3, 2009.[86] The game allows players to explore the themed areas and mini-games representative of a visit to a Six Flags park. In the game, players are tasked with quests that encourage them to explore the park's universe. After creating a unique custom character, Six Flags Fun Park patrons can win prizes and compete with other players in 40 mini-games. Although the video game is called Six Flags Fun Park, it lacks any major reference of Six Flags outside of the names of the different areas. This caused some to speculate that the video game was created separately, then the rights to the name of the game were sold as a way to pay for the game's development.[citation needed] When the game was released, it eventually ended up getting abysmal ratings across the board. IGN gave the Wii version a 4.5 out of 10, saying "The quests are uninteresting and the game's '40 Thrilling Games' (as touted by the box) are far from entertaining."[87]

In late 2010, Six Flags began the process of removing non-Warner Bros. licensed theming from attractions. They terminated licenses with Thomas the Tank Engine, The Wiggles, Tony Hawk, Evel Knievel, and Terminator.[88][89] However, since then there has been an expansion of licensing agreements with Warner Bros., with whom the company has had a long-standing relationship. The expansion lies specifically with Warner Bros.' DC Comics brand, where the two teamed up to create the innovative Justice League: Battle for Metropolis as well as many other roller coasters and other rides.

On May 18, 2017, Six Flags and Riverside Group signed an agreement with Paws, Inc. to use Garfield in children's areas in Six Flags-branded theme parks in China.[90]

Other assets[]

On June 19, 2007, Six Flags announced it had purchased 40% of Dick Clark Productions, which owns rights to American Bandstand and other shows and productions.[91]

In 2012, Jim Reid-Anderson stated that the company would sell its stake in Dick Clark Productions.

Current properties[]

Amusement parks[]

Name Location Year Opened Year Acquired Notes
Frontier City Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 1958 2018 Originally owned by Six Flags during Premier Parks era. Owned by EPR Properties; operated by Six Flags since 2018.
La Ronde Montreal, Quebec, Canada 1967 2001 Built for Expo 67
Emphyteutic lease from the City of Montreal through 2065.
Six Flags America Largo, Maryland 1973 1999 Acquired in Premier Parks deal. Formerly known as Adventure World, and before that Wild World.
Six Flags Darien Lake Darien, New York 1981 2018 Owned by Six Flags from 1999 to 2007. Owned by EPR Properties; operated by Six Flags since 2018.
Six Flags Discovery Kingdom Vallejo, California 1968 1997 Acquired in Premier Parks deal. Initially re-branded as Six Flags Marine World, it received its current name in 2007.
Six Flags Fiesta Texas San Antonio, Texas 1992 1998 Originally owned by USAA and managed by Gaylord Entertainment from 1992 to 1995. Six Flags took over park management in 1996 and the park was purchased mid-season 1998.
Six Flags Great Adventure Jackson, New Jersey 1974 1977 Safari Off-Road Adventure is attached to the park, making Great Adventure the second-largest theme park in the world.
Six Flags Great America Gurnee, Illinois 1976 1984 Acquired from Marriott Corporation. By acquiring this park, Six Flags gained the rights to the Warner Bros. licenses.

Purchase price $114.5M[92]

Six Flags Magic Mountain Valencia, California 1971 1979 Acquired from Newhall Land and Farming Company. Purchase price $51M[93]
Six Flags México Mexico City, Mexico 1982 1999 Acquired from Reino Aventura. Purchase price $59M[94]
Six Flags New England Agawam, Massachusetts 1870 1997 Oldest park in the Six Flags chain, predating the founding of the first Six Flags Park by nearly a century. Acquired in Premier Parks deal, formerly Riverside Park.
Six Flags Over Georgia Austell, Georgia 1967 Built by
Six Flags 		Like Six Flags Over Texas, the park is owned by a limited partnership and is managed and operated by Six Flags.
Six Flags Over Texas Arlington, Texas 1961 Built by
Six Flags 		The first Six Flags park. The park is owned by a limited partnership and is managed and operated by Six Flags.
Six Flags St. Louis Eureka, Missouri 1971 Built by
Six Flags 		Last park built by Six Flags. Originally opened as Six Flags Over Mid-America (name changed in 1996). The only original park completely owned by Six Flags.
The Great Escape and Hurricane Harbor Queensbury, New York 1954 1996 Acquired in Premier Parks deal.

Water parks[]

Outdoor[]

Included with admission[]
Name Location Year Opened Year Acquired Notes
Hurricane Harbor Queensbury, New York 1995 1996 Located within Great Escape. Was originally known as Splashwater Kingdom until 2019.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Largo, Maryland 1982 1992 Located within Six Flags America.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Darien, New York 2010 2018 Located within Six Flags Darien Lake.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Agawam, Massachusetts 1997 1998 Located within Six Flags New England.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Austell, Georgia 2014 N/A Located within Six Flags Over Georgia.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Eureka, Missouri 1999 N/A Located within Six Flags St. Louis.
White Water Bay San Antonio, Texas 1992 1998 Located within Six Flags Fiesta Texas.
Separate admission/property[]
Name Location Year Opened Year Acquired Notes
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Los Angeles Valencia, California 1995 N/A Located adjacent to Six Flags Magic Mountain.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Arlington Arlington, Texas 1983 1995 Acquired from Wet 'n Wild. Located across Interstate 30 from Six Flags Over Texas.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor New Jersey Jackson, New Jersey 2000 N/A Located adjacent to Six Flags Great Adventure.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Oaxtepec Oaxtepec, Mexico 2017 2016 Reopened in the former Parque Acuatico Oaxtepec location. One hour from Six Flags Mexico
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Concord Concord, California 1995 2017 This water park was built by Premier Parks prior to its purchase of Six Flags. It was sold to PARC Management in the 2007 property sell-off. On April 27, 2017, Six Flags announced it had entered into an agreement with EPR Properties to manage the park. On February 22, 2018, Six Flags announced that the park would be renamed Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Concord.[95] Located about 15 miles from Six Flags Discovery Kingdom.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Phoenix Phoenix, Arizona 2009 2018 Owned by EPR Properties; operated by Six Flags.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor SplashTown Spring, Texas 1984 2018 Owned by EPR Properties; operated by Six Flags.
Six Flags White Water Marietta, Georgia 1983 1999 Located about 15 miles from Six Flags Over Georgia.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Oklahoma City Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 1981 2018 Located about 15 miles from Frontier City, the park is owned by EPR Properties and is operated by Six Flags.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Rockford Cherry Valley, Illinois 1984 2019 Owned by Rockford Park District, will be operated by Six Flags under a ten-year lease agreement ($425,000/year) beginning April 1, 2019.
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Chicago Gurnee, Illinois 2005 N/A Located adjacent Six Flags Great America. In 2021, it became a separate gate from Great America, making it the company's 27th amusement park.[82]

Indoor[]

Name Location Year Opened Year Acquired Notes
Six Flags Great Escape Lodge & Indoor Waterpark Queensbury, New York 2006 N/A Located across from Great Escape. It includes a resort. Water park is named Six Flags White Water Bay

Upcoming properties[]

Amusement parks[]

Name Location Year Opening Year Acquired Notes Source
Six Flags Zhejiang Haiyan, China Unknown N/A First Six Flags theme park in China in partnership with Riverside Group [96][66]
Six Flags Kids World Zhejiang Haiyan, China Unknown N/A Six Flags theme park designed especially for families with young children. Located adjacent to Six Flags Zhejiang [97][66]
Six Flags Chongqing Bishan, China Unknown N/A This will be the second Six Flags-branded theme park in China. [98][66]
Six Flags Kids World Chongqing Bishan, China Unknown N/A Six Flags theme park designed especially for families with young children. Located adjacent to Six Flags Chongqing [97][66]
Six Flags Adventure Park Chongqing Bishan, China Unknown N/A Adjoining the Six Flags Chongqing complex [97][66]
Six Flags Nanjing Nanjing, China Unknown N/A This will be the third Six Flags theme park in China. [99]
Six Flags Kids World Nanjing Nanjing, China Unknown N/A Six Flags theme park designed especially for families with young children. 4th park announced in Six Flags Nanjing complex. Eleventh Six Flags theme park in China. [100][66]
Six Flags Adventure Park Nanjing Nanjing, China Unknown N/A Adjoining the Six Flags Nanjing complex [99][66]
Six Flags Qiddiya Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2023 N/A This will be the first Six Flags-branded theme park in Saudi Arabia. [101]

Water parks[]

Name Location Year Opening Year Acquired Notes Source
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Zhejiang Haiyan, China Unknown N/A Located within Six Flags Zhejiang [102]
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor Nanjing Nanjing, China Unknown N/A Part of four park Six Flags Nanjing complex [99]

Former and abandoned properties[]

These properties are listed in alphabetical order by the final name of the park while under Six Flags control.

Park Location Year opened Fate Year closed/Sold Notes
American Adventures Marietta, Georgia 1990 Closed 2008 This park was located adjacent to Six Flags White Water, and was marketed to families with young children. Six Flags leased the park to Zuma Holdings in 2008, who then separated the park from White Water, and was permanently closed in 2010. Six Flags purchased back the lease after the closure and now uses the site as an employee area.
Bellewaerde Park Ypres, Belgium 1954 Sold 2004 This park was acquired in 1998 alongside the other Walibi-owned properties. The property was sold alongside the other European Six Flags parks to StarParks in 2004. The park remains in operation as simply Bellewaerde under the ownership of Compagnie des Alpes.
Movieland Wax Museum Buena Park, California 1962 Sold 1985 Six Flags purchased this wax museum in 1970. They sold it in 1985, and later sold all of its holdings and moved many of the sets and wax figures to California, but sold the original clothing and props to the American Musical Academy of Arts Association. The venue eventually closed down in 2005.
Six Flags AstroWorld Houston, Texas 1968 Closed 2005 AstroWorld was acquired in 1974. The park closed on October 30, 2005, and was demolished between late 2005 and 2006.
Six Flags Atlantis Hollywood, Florida 1982 Destroyed 1989 Six Flags purchased this water park in 1984. Six Flags sold off the property in 1989 and was renamed to "Atlantis the Water Kingdom". It was closed in 1992 after the events of Hurricane Andrew and was demolished in 1994.
Six Flags AutoWorld Flint, Michigan 1984 Closed 1985 This indoor entertainment venue closed after only six months by its investors. The park did reopen, but only operated scarcely until 1994, when it was closed permanently and was demolished in 1997.
Six Flags Belgium Wavre, Belgium 1975 Sold 2004 This park was acquired as Walibi Wavre in 1998 alongside the other Walibi-owned properties. It was renamed to Six Flags Belgium in 2001, and was sold alongside the other European Six Flags parks to StarParks in 2004 and reverted to the Walibi brand, being renamed to Walibi Belgium, which is how it remains to this day under ownership of Compagnie des Alpes.
Six Flags Dubai Dubai, U.A.E. 2009 Never opened 2019 Located in the second phase of Dubai Parks and Resorts. Was in development for more than ten years. Originally scheduled to open in 2011, then 2019, however, the developer had financial issues and the project was cancelled.[62]
Six Flags Elitch Gardens Denver, Colorado 1995 Sold 2007 This park was owned by Premier Parks when it purchased the Six Flags chain. It was sold to PARC Management in the 2007 property sell-off.
Six Flags Holland Biddinghuizen, Netherlands 1971 Sold 2004 This park was acquired as Walibi Flevo in 1998 alongside the other Walibi-owned properties. It was renamed to Six Flags Holland in 2000, and was sold alongside the other European Six Flags parks to StarParks in 2004 and reverted to the Walibi brand, being renamed to Walibi World and currently as Walibi Holland, under the ownership of Compagnie des Alpes.
Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom Louisville, Kentucky 1987 Lease ended 2010 This park was purchased by Premier Parks in 1997 prior to its purchase of the entire Six Flags chain. In February 2010, Six Flags announced it would close the park due to a dispute with the Kentucky State Fair Board, from which Six Flags leased much of the park's land area and attractions.[40] In 2014, Kentucky Kingdom reopened under new management.
Six Flags New Orleans New Orleans 2000 Destroyed 2005 Originally opened as Jazzland, this park was bought in 2002 and re-branded as Six Flags New Orleans in 2003.

It was closed after severe damage from Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The city of New Orleans sued Six Flags in 2009 for not making progress to re-open and for not making required lease payments;[103] ultimately, the site was turned over to the city along with a cash payment.[104] In 2011, the city made plans to auction the site and all remaining rides and equipment.[105]

Six Flags Power Plant Baltimore 1985 Closed 1990 Located in the Inner Harbor district of Baltimore, This was Six Flags' second attempt at an indoor amusement park after AutoWorld. It was a little more successful, but it too closed down eventually. The site of the park was redeveloped into a Hard Rock Cafe, Barnes & Noble, Gold's Gym (closed 2010) and the world's first ESPN Zone location (closed 2010).
Six Flags Stars Hall of Fame Orlando, Florida 1975 Sold
(Closed by purchaser) 		1984 This wax museum was located near SeaWorld Orlando. It was acquired by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich alongside SeaWorld, but was closed almost immediately after the sale.
Six Flags Waterworld Houston, Texas 1983 Closed 2005 This water park was adjacent to Six Flags AstroWorld. Much like AstroWorld, Waterworld was closed and demolished in 2005–06.
Six Flags Ohio/Six Flags Worlds of Adventure Aurora, Ohio 1887 Sold 2004 Geauga Lake park was purchased by Premier Parks in 1995 prior to its purchase of the entire Six Flags chain. Re-branded as Six Flags Ohio for its opening season in 2000. It was then renamed Six Flags Worlds of Adventure when Six Flags annexed the adjacent SeaWorld Ohio marine park in 2001. In 2004, the entire property was sold to competing amusement park operator Cedar Fair. The park was closed after the 2007 season, but the attached water park remained open until the end of the 2016 season.
Warner Bros. Movie World Germany Bottrop, Germany 1967 Sold 2004 Premier Parks purchased Warner Bros.'s European theme park chain in 1999, which included this park and the yet-unbuilt Movie World Madrid (see below). The property was sold alongside the other European Six Flags parks to StarParks in 2004, which caused the park to lose its Warner Bros. license. The park reopened as Movie Park Germany in 2005, featuring themes from other movie companies and is now owned by Parques Reunidos.
Warner Bros. Movie World Madrid Madrid, Spain 2002 Sold 2004 This park was built in a joint venture, to be managed by Six Flags. The property was sold alongside the other European Six Flags parks in 2004, but unlike them, this park was instead sold back to Time Warner, and being renamed as Warner Bros. Park Madrid that year, and then again to its current name Parque Warner Madrid in 2006. The park is currently owned and operated by Parques Reunidos, with Warner Bros. holding a 5% minority stake.
Walibi Aquitaine Bordeaux, France 1992 Sold 2004 This park was acquired in 1998 alongside the other Walibi-owned properties. It was sold alongside the other European Six Flags parks to StarParks in 2004. The park was renamed to Walibi Sud-Ouest (Walibi South-West) in 2010, which is how it remains to this day under ownership of Compagnie des Alpes.
Walibi Lorraine Metz, France 1989 Sold 2004 This park was acquired as Walibi Schtroumpf in 1998 alongside the other Walibi-owned properties. The license to The Smurfs characters expired in 2003 and was renamed to Walibi Lorraine. It was sold alongside the other European Six Flags parks to StarParks in 2004, who sold the park to Claude and Didier Le Douarin in 2006, who renamed it under its current name Walygator Parc in 2007. Today, the park is owned by Aspro Parks.
Walibi Rhône-Alpes Lyon, France 1979 Sold 2004 This park was acquired in 1998 alongside the other Walibi-owned properties. It was sold alongside the other European Six Flags parks to StarParks in 2004 and is currently owned by Compagnie des Alpes.
Wild Waves and Enchanted Village Federal Way, Washington 1977 Sold 2007 This combination water park and amusement park was sold in 2007 and is currently owned by Premier Parks, LLC.
Wyandot Lake Columbus, Ohio 1896 Lease ended 2006 Was purchased by Premier Parks in 1995 prior to its purchase of the entire Six Flags chain. The property was sold to the adjacent Columbus Zoo and Aquarium in 2006 and reopened under zoo management on May 26, 2008, as Zoombezi Bay.

The Flash Pass[]

See also: List of Flash Pass attractions

The Flash Pass is an optional, pay-per-person virtual queue system offered at Six Flags amusement parks. The system, named after DC Comics character The Flash, allows guests to reserve places in line at participating attractions, and access must be purchased for a nominal fee in addition to the general park admission price. The first iteration, called Q-bot, was designed by Lo-Q and was first implemented at Six Flags Over Georgia in 2001. Guests are given handheld devices, which are then used to make reservations and receive notifications when it is their turn to ride.[106]

A water park version of the virtual system called Q-band was first tested at Six Flags White Water in 2011.[107][108] Guests wear waterproof RFID wristbands that can be scanned at kiosks near participating water park attractions.[109]

See also[]

  • Incidents at Six Flags parks

Notes and references[]

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  5. ^ "Six Flags Chapter 11 Petition" (PDF). PacerMonitor. PacerMonitor. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b "Six Flags Enters Final Phase of Financial Restructuring". businesswire.com. June 13, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c Tom Hals (May 3, 2010). "Six Flags emerges from bankruptcy". Reuters. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
  8. ^ Wolcott, Victoria W. (August 16, 2012). Race, Riots, and Roller Coasters: The Struggle Over Segregated Recreation in America. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-8122-0759-0.
  9. ^ Shaw, Gregory B. C. "Six Flags Timeline The Lands of Screams and Dreams". California State University, Sacramento. Self. Archived from the original on July 6, 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2013., California.
  10. ^ "La Salle's River Adventure 1961 – 1982", ParkTimes.com, August 15, 2010
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  12. ^ Fabrikant, Geraldine (April 18, 1995). "COMPANY REPORTS; Time Warner to Sell Control Of Six Flags for $1 Billion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
  13. ^ "Company Town : Time Warner to Wave Goodby to 51% of Six Flags : Deals: But the agreement with Boston Ventures doesn't include the theme parks' CEO". Los Angeles Times. April 18, 1995. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
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