Subansiri River

Subansiri
Subansiri
	Subansiri
	Map of the combined drainage basins of the Ganges (yellow), Brahmaputra (violet) and Meghna (green) including the Subansiri River
Physical characteristics
Source	Mount Porom
Mouth	Brahmaputra

The Subansiri River (Chinese: 西巴霞曲; pinyin: xībā xiá qǔ) is a trans-Himalayan river and a tributary of the Brahmaputra River that flows through Tibet's Lhünzê County, Shannan Prefecture and the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. The Subansiri is 442 kilometres (275 mi) long, with a drainage basin 32,640 square kilometres (12,600 sq mi).^[1] It is the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra contributing 7.92% of the Brahmaputra's total flow.^[2]

Name[]

1954 map of the North-East Frontier Agency

The name is derived from a Sanskrit word 'swarn' meaning gold.^[3]

Originally the name applied to the river only after the confluence of the Chayul Chu and Tsari Chu rivers at Gelensiniak.^[3] In early maps of independent India, Tsari Chu was marked as the main Subansiri river. However, over time, the name has been transferred to Chayul Chu. Within Tibet, the rivers are named after the locations they flow from such as Loro Chu, Nye Chu, Char Chu and Chayul Chu, all of which apply to the Subansirir or its tributaries.

Course[]

The Subansiri River originates in the Himalayas near Mount Porom in the Tibet .^[3]

It enters India near the town of Taksing and flows east and southeast through Miri Hills,^[3] then south to the Assam Valley at Dulangmukh in Dhemaji district,^[4] where it joins the Brahmaputra River at Jamurighat in Lakhimpur district. Small tributaries of the Subansiri include Rangandi, Dikrong and Kamala.^[3]

The Subansiri lends its name to two districts in Arunachal Pradesh: Upper Subansiri and Lower Subansiri.

The observed discharge of Subansiri is a maximum of 18,799 cubic metres per second (663,900 cu ft/s), and minimum of 131 m³/s (4,600 cu ft/s). It contributes 7.92% of the Brahmaputra's total flow.^[2]

Tsari Chu[]

Tsari Chu marked in cyan

Tsari Chu (Chinese: 洛河; pinyin: Luò hé, lit. "Lo River"; Gelen Bung for the Assam Himalayan tribes) rises near the village of in Tibet and flows east for about 25 miles till the town of Migyitun, where it turns south. It merges with the Subansiri at Gelensiniak.^[5]^[6] The district of Tsari, consisting of the Tsari Chu valley and its vicinity, is considered holy ground by the Tibetans. No animals are killed and no food is grown in these areas, with the exception of Migyitun.^[7] The holiness comes from the Dakpa Sheri mountian peak at the centre of the Tsari district, considered the home of the Buddhist Tantric deity Demchok (Chakrasamvara) and his consort Dorje Phagmo (Vajravārāhī). The pious Tibetans used to carry out a wide circumabulation (called rongkor or "ravine circuit") around the mountain once every 12 years, during the monkey year. They traversed the valley of the Tsari Chu river until its junction with Subansiri, and returned via the Subansiri and Yume Chu valleys.^[8] The last such circumambulation took place in 1956, after which the Sino-Indian border conflict has put an end to the practice.

History[]

The 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake caused landslides blocking the flow of Subansiri at Gerukamukh. After three days the blockade broke causing a massive flash flood. Over the years flooding of the river has caused loss to livelihood and life.^[9]

Lower Subansiri Dam[]

The Lower Subansiri Dam or The Lower Subansiri Hydro-Electric Project is an under construction dam gravity dam on the river.^[10] The dam is seen as a problem and many organisations are protesting against it.^[11] The River is a fiction book based on the issue and displays the issue as viewed by common Assamese people through its imaginary dolphins, fishes, and human characters.^[12]

References[]

^ Rao, K.L. (1979). India's Water Wealth. Orient Blackswan. p. 78. ISBN 978-81-250-0704-3. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Singh, Vijay P.; Sharma, Nayan; Ojha, C. Shekhar P. (2004). The Brahmaputra basin water resources. Springer. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-4020-1737-7. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Goyal et al. 2017, p. 523.
^ Barman, Swapnali; Bhattacharya, R.K.; Sharma, S.K.; Tirkey, G. (February 2020), Future flow scenario of Subansiri River and its Impact on Power Potential of Subansiri Lower Hydro Electric Project (PDF), IIT Roorkee and NIH Roorkee
^ Kapadia, Harish (2006). "Secrets of Subansiri: Himalayan Journal vol.62/7". Himalayan Journal. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
^ Bhat, Col Vinayak (22 June 2018). "Despite Modi-Xi bonhomie, China moves into Arunachal Pradesh, builds new road and barracks". ThePrint. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
^ Bailey, F. M. (1914), Report on an Exploration on the North-East Frontier, 1913, Simla: Government Monotype Press, p. 10 – via archive.org
^ Krishnatray 2005, pp. 2–3.
^ Goyal et al. 2017, p. 530.
^ http://www.nhpcindia.com/Projects/english/Scripts/Prj_Introduction.aspx?Vid=23
^ http://www.easternpanorama.in/index.php/component/content/article/60-2010/august/1103-anti-mega-dam-protests-vs-hydro-dollar-dream
^ http://www.bubok.com/books/205665/THE-RIVER

Bibliography[]

Goyal, Manish; Gupta, Shivam; Sarma, Arup; Singh, Dhruv (2017). "Subansiri: Largest Tributary of Brahmaputra River, Northeast India.". In Dhruv Sen Singh (ed.). The Indian Rivers: Scientific and Socio-economic Aspects. Springer. pp. 523–535. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2984-4. ISBN 9789811029844. LCCN 2017940312. S2CID 187246753.
Krishnatry, S. M. (2005), Border Tagins of Arunachal Pradesh: Unarmed Expedition 1956, National Book Trust, ISBN 978-81-237-4460-5

External links[]

Subansiri Basin Study – Another Chapter of Environment Subversion in Northeast, South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People, 25 September 2013.

[1] Rao, K.L. (1979). India's Water Wealth. Orient Blackswan. p. 78. ISBN 978-81-250-0704-3. Retrieved 1 May 2011.

[SinghSharma2004-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b Singh, Vijay P.; Sharma, Nayan; Ojha, C. Shekhar P. (2004). The Brahmaputra basin water resources. Springer. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-4020-1737-7. Retrieved 1 May 2011.

[FOOTNOTEGoyalGuptaSarmaSingh2017523-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Goyal et al. 2017, p. 523.

[4] Barman, Swapnali; Bhattacharya, R.K.; Sharma, S.K.; Tirkey, G. (February 2020), Future flow scenario of Subansiri River and its Impact on Power Potential of Subansiri Lower Hydro Electric Project (PDF), IIT Roorkee and NIH Roorkee

[5] Kapadia, Harish (2006). "Secrets of Subansiri: Himalayan Journal vol.62/7". Himalayan Journal. Retrieved 23 January 2021.

[6] Bhat, Col Vinayak (22 June 2018). "Despite Modi-Xi bonhomie, China moves into Arunachal Pradesh, builds new road and barracks". ThePrint. Retrieved 23 January 2021.

[7] Bailey, F. M. (1914), Report on an Exploration on the North-East Frontier, 1913, Simla: Government Monotype Press, p. 10 – via archive.org

[FOOTNOTEKrishnatray20052–3-8] Krishnatray 2005, pp. 2–3.

[FOOTNOTEGoyalGuptaSarmaSingh2017530-9] Goyal et al. 2017, p. 530.

[10] ttp://www.nhpcindia.com/Projects/english/Scripts/Prj_Introduction.aspx?Vid=23

[11] ttp://www.easternpanorama.in/index.php/component/content/article/60-2010/august/1103-anti-mega-dam-protests-vs-hydro-dollar-dream

[12] ttp://www.bubok.com/books/205665/THE-RIVER

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