Symphyotrichum ascendens
| Symphyotrichum ascendens | |
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| Symphyotrichum ascendes | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Symphyotrichum |
| Subgenus: | Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes |
| Species: | S. ascendens
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| Binomial name | |
| Symphyotrichum ascendens | |
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| Native distribution by state and province[2] | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Basionym
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Alphabetical list | |
Symphyotrichum ascendens (formerly Aster ascendens) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names western aster[3] and long-leaved aster.[4] Blooming July–September, it is native to western North America and can be found at elevations of 500–3,200 meters (1,600–10,500 feet) in several habitats.[5]
Description[]
Symphyotrichum ascendens is a rhizomatous, perennial, and herbaceous plant growing a branching, erect stem to heights between 20 and 60 centimeters (8 and 24 inches). Leaves are widely lance-shaped to oblong and pointed, the largest ones near the base of the stem reaching up to 15 centimeters (6 inches) long. The stem and leaves are roughly hairy in places.[5]
The inflorescence is an array of many flower heads with many narrow violet to nearly white ray florets around a center of golden disc florets that open July–September.[6] The fruit is a hairy cypsela with a long pappus.[5]
Stems
Leaves
Involucre and phyllaries
Ray and disk florets
Chromosomes[]
Symphyotrichum ascendens has a chromosome base number of x = 13.[7] There are diploidal individuals (2n = 26) which occur in the western portion of its range, and tetraploidal ones (2n = 52) found eastward.[8]
Taxonomy[]
S. ascendens is a member of the genus Symphyotrichum, sometimes called American-asters,[9] classified in the subgenus Ascendentes.[7] Its basionym (original scientific name) is Aster ascendens Lindl., and it has many taxonomic synonyms. Its name with author citations is Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom.[2] In 1834, English botanist John Lindley formally described the plant that now is named Symphyotrichum ascendens.[10] The letters Lindl followed by a period (or dot), written Lindl., is the standard botanical author abbreviation for John Lindley.[11] Likewise, G.L.Nesom is the abbreviation for American botanist Guy L. Nesom.[12] Lindley's abbreviation is placed in parentheses because his authorship was retained when Guy L. Nesom cited Aster ascendens Lindl. as the basionym when he renamed the species.[13]
This species is allopolyploidal, derived from the hybridization of S. spathulatum (chromosome base number x = 8) with S. falcatum (x = 5),[5] each from a different subgenus, Symphyotrichum and Virgulus, respectively.[14] This produced a plant with a unique base number of x = 13,[7] also written x2 = 13 (8 + 5),[8] and it warranted its own subgenus, Ascendentes, and its own species name. One other species is placed within subgenus Ascendentes: S. defoliatum.[14]
Distribution and habitat[]
Western aster is native to western North America from British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to the United States in Montana and North Dakota then to New Mexico, west to California, north to Washington state, and all states in between.[2] It can be found at elevations of 500–3,200 meters (1,600–10,500 feet) in several habitats including grasslands, sagebrush steppe, and meadows.[5]
Citations[]
- ^ NatureServe 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e POWO 2021.
- ^ USDA, NRCS 2014.
- ^ BSBI 2007.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Brouillet et al. 2006.
- ^ Allen 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Semple 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Semple n.d.a.
- ^ Native Plant Trust 2021.
- ^ IPNI 2021c.
- ^ IPNI 2021a.
- ^ IPNI 2021b.
- ^ Turland et al. 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Semple n.d.b.
References[]
- (2012). "Symphyotrichum ascendens". In Jepson Flora Project (ed.). Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
- Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; ; ; (2006). "Symphyotrichum ascendens". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 20. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 22 July 2021 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- IPNI (2021a). "Lindley, John (1799-1865)". IPNI (www.ipni.org). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; and, Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
- IPNI (2021b). "Nesom, Guy L. (1945-)". IPNI (www.ipni.org). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; and, Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
- IPNI (2021c). "Aster ascendens Lindl., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Hooker) 2(7): 8 (1834)". IPNI (www.ipni.org). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; and, Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
- Native Plant Trust (2021). "Symphyotrichum (American-aster): Go Botany". Go Botany (GoBotany.NativePlantTrust.org). Framingham, Massachusetts: Native Plant Trust. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
- NatureServe (2 July 2021). "Symphyotrichum ascendens Western Aster". NatureServe Explorer (explorer.natureserve.org). Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- POWO (2021). "Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom". Plants of the World Online (www.plantsoftheworldonline.org). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
- Semple, J.C. (n.d.a). "Symphyotrichum ascendens x". University of Waterloo (UWaterloo.ca). Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
- Semple, J.C. (n.d.b). "Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes". University of Waterloo (UWaterloo.ca). Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
- Semple, J.C. (14 May 2021). "Symphyotrichum ascendens — Long-leaved Aster, Intermountain Aster, Western Aster". University of Waterloo (UWaterloo.ca). Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
- Turland, N.J.; Wiersema, J.H.; Barrie, F.R.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Kusber, W.-H.; Li, D.-Z.; Marhold, K.; May, T.W.; McNeill, J.; Monro, A.M.; Prado, J.; Price, M.J.; Smith, G.F., eds. (2018). CHAPTER VI: CITATION - SECTION 1: AUTHOR CITATIONS - ARTICLE 49. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile. 159. Glashütten, Hesse, Germany: Koeltz Botanical Books. doi:10.12705/Code.2018. ISBN 9783946583165. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- USDA, NRCS (2014). "Symphyotrichum ascendens". USDA PLANTS Database (plants.sc.egov.usda.gov). Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
External links[]
- Jepson eFlora, The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley
- Symphyotrichum ascendens in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley
- BONAP distribution map, Biota of North America Program, 2014
show Species of the Symphyotrichum genus |
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- NatureServe secure species
- Symphyotrichum
- Flora of Western Canada
- Flora of the Northwestern United States
- Flora of the Southwestern United States
- Flora of North Dakota
- Flora of New Mexico
- Flora of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
- San Bernardino Mountains
- San Gabriel Mountains
- Plants described in 1834
- Taxa named by John Lindley