Teresa Teng

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In this Chinese name, the family name is Teng.
Teresa Teng
鄧麗君
Teresa Teng.gif
Born
Teng Li-yun (鄧麗筠)

(1953-01-29)29 January 1953
Pao-Chung rural town, Yunlin, (Republic of China) Taiwan
Died8 May 1995(1995-05-08) (aged 42)
Chiang Mai Rum Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Burial placeChin Pao San, New Taipei City, Republic of China
25°15′04″N 121°36′14″E / 25.251°N 121.604°E / 25.251; 121.604
NationalityTaiwanese (Republic of China)
EducationLuzhou Elementary School

Ginling Girls' High School

Taipei American School

University of Southern California

Royal College of Art
OccupationSinger, Actress, TV personality, Philanthropist
Years active1966–1995
Partner(s)Quilery Paul Puel Stephane (1989-1995)
AwardsGolden Melody Awards – Special Award
1996 (awarded posthumously)

Musical career
Also known asTeresa Tang
Teresa Deng
Teng Li-chun
Deng Lijun
GenresC-pop, J-pop, Cantopop, folk, Enka, Kayokyoku, Rock and roll, country, Jazz, Blues, Disco, Pop, Soul
LabelsUniversal Music (present)
Taiwan:
Yeu Jow (1967–71)
Haishan (1971)
Life (1972–76)
Kolin (1977–83)
PolyGram (1984–92)
Hong Kong:
EMI (1971)
Life (1971–76)
PolyGram (1975–92)
Japan:
Polydor K.K. (1974–81)
Taurus (1983–95)
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese鄧麗君
Simplified Chinese邓丽君

Teng Li-chun (traditional Chinese: 鄧麗君; simplified Chinese: 邓丽君; pinyin: Dèng Lìjūn; Jyutping: Dang6 Lai6-gwan1; 29 January 1953 – 8 May 1995), commonly known as Teresa Teng, was a Taiwanese singer, actress, musician and philanthropist. Referred as "Asia's eternal queen of pop," Teng became a cultural icon for her contributions to Mandopop, giving birth to the phrase, "Wherever there are Chinese people, there is the music of Teresa Teng".[1]

With a career spanning almost 30 years, Teng remained widely popular throughout the 1970s and 1980s; she remained popular up to the first half of the 1990s, up until her death in 1995.[2] Teng was known as a patriotic entertainer whose crystalline voice and performances revolutionized Chinese popular culture during the 1970s and 1980s.[3] She is often credited for bridging the cultural barrier across Chinese-speaking nations, and first artist to connect Japan to much of East and Southeast Asia, by singing Japanese pop songs, some of which were later translated to Mandarin.[4][5][6] She was known for her folk songs and ballads, such as "When Will You Return?", "As Sweet as Honey", "Forget Him", "Giving Yourself to the Flow of Time," and "The Moon Represents My Heart".[7]

She recorded more than 1,500 songs throughout her career, starting when she was 14 years old, not only in Mandarin Chinese but also in Hokkien, Cantonese, Japanese, Indonesian, English and Italian. In addition to speaking the most of the languages she sung in, she also spoke French[8] and Thai. To date, her songs have been covered by hundreds of artists all over the world.[9]

According to a report published by Billboard in May 1995, Teng released 25 albums during the last 26 years of her career and sold over 22 million copies, going by her original sales.[10] On May 8, 1995, Teng died from a severe respiratory attack while on vacation in Thailand at the age of 42. She remains a national heroine and a cultural symbol of Taiwan, Hong Kong, mainland China, and Chinese-speaking communities worldwide.[11][12]

Early life[]

Teng performs at her first musical performance at the age of 7 (1960).

Teng was born to a poor family in Baozhong Township, Yunlin County, Taiwan on 29 January 1953,[13] to Waishengren parents. Her father was a soldier in the Republic of China Armed Forces from Daming, Hebei, and her mother was from Dongping, Shandong. The only daughter in the family, with three older brothers and a younger brother, she was educated at Luzhou Elementary School in Luzhou District, Taipei County and then Ginling Girls High School (私立金陵女中) in Sanchong Township, Taipei County, Taiwan.[14]

Teng's talent for music was discovered at age three. According to her brother, their father's friend, an erhu (Chinese two-stringed violin) player, often visited and complimented Teresa's clear, soft, yet powerful voice. This family friend became Teng's first voice teacher and was instrumental in fostering a passion for music in the girl. Teng's perfect pitch and her amiable demeanor won the hearts of judges in various singing competitions.[15] Her first major prize was in 1964 when she sang "Visiting Yingtai" from Shaw Brothers' Huangmei opera movie, The Love Eterne, at an event hosted by Broadcasting Corporation of China.[16] She was soon able to support her family with her singing. With her father's approval, she quit school to pursue singing professionally.[17]

Career[]

Teng after winning the All-Taiwan Huangmei Tuning Singing Competition (1964)

Teng's career commenced in 1967 as a host of the television show One Star a Day and then appeared in television dramas. She played a leading role in the 1967 film Thank You, Boss.[18] She recorded a theme song for the movie and did a promotional concert tour that caught quite an attention on the media. Her first taste of fame came in 1968 when performance on a popular Taiwanese music program led to a record contract. She released several albums within the next few years under the Life Records label.[19] In 1973 she attempted to crack the Japanese market by signing with the Polydor Japan label.[20] Following her success in Japan, Teng recorded several Japanese songs, including original hits such as "Give yourself to the flow of Time" (時の流れに身をまかせ, Toki no Nagare ni Mi wo Makase) which was later covered in Mandarin as "I Only Care About You".[21]

In 1974 the song "Airport" (空港, Kūkō), which was covered in Mandarin as "Lover's Care" (情人的關懷) in 1976, became a hit in Japan. Teng's popularity there continued despite being briefly barred from the country in 1979 for having a fake Indonesian passport she purchased for US$20,000. The subterfuge had seemed necessary due to the official break in relations between Republic of China and Japan that occurred shortly after the People's Republic of China replaced the ROC in the United Nations.[22]

Teresa Teng performing at a concert (1969)

Her popularity boomed in the 1970s after her success in Japan. By now singing in multiple languages, Teng expanded her popularity to the rest of Asia.[23] In Taiwan, she was known not only as the island's most popular export but as "the soldier's sweetheart" because of her frequent performances for servicemen. Teng was herself the child of a military family.[24] Her concerts for troops featured Taiwanese folk songs that appealed to natives of the island as well as Chinese folk songs that appealed to homesick refugees of the civil war. However, after becoming famous, her parents faced criticism from the outside world, believing that they are more concerned about the financial situation of the family than their daughter's future. Faced with these doubts, Teng responded: "It is not the adults who want me to sing, but I want to sing."[25] Teng gave many free concerts throughout most of her career to help the less fortunate or to help raise funds for charities. The funds collected from her concerts were donated to public welfare.[26]

In the early 1980s, continuing political tension between mainland China and Taiwan led to her music, along with that of other singers from Taiwan and Hong Kong, being banned for some years in mainland China describing it as too "bourgeois" and "corrupt" by Chinese authorities. In spite of the ban, Teng's songs continued to be played everywhere, from nightclubs to government buildings and the ban was soon lifted.[27] Teng became almost as well known in mainland China as the country's leader. Her fans nicknamed her "Little Deng" because she had the same family name as Deng Xiaoping; there was a saying that, by day, everyone listened to “old Deng” because they had to. At night, everyone listened to “little Teng” because they wanted to.[28] Shanghai Party Newspaper, "Wen Hui Bao" commented on fearing that her songs may erode the revolutionary spirit of the (Communist) Chinese.[29]

Teng's contract with Polydor ended in 1981, and she signed a contract with Taurus Records in 1983 and made a successful comeback appearance in Japan. In 1983, Teng released her album, Dandan youqing, translated as Light Exquisite Feeling which sets 12 poems from the Tang and Song dynasties into music, blending modern and traditional Oriental and Occidental styles. The most popular single from the album is "Wishing We Last Forever". As of August 2008, the album has sold over 5 million copies in Asia and remains the best-selling Chinese music album to date.[30] Teng apparently felt a deep attachment to the mainland, as she immersed herself in the classics of Tang and Song periods.[31] In the television special, she spoke of her desire to contribute in the transmission of "Chinese" culture. Dressed in her period clothing, she commented:

"I have one small wish. I hope everyone will like these songs so that the flourishing begonias within China's 10 million square kilometers and the treasures of this 5000-year old culture can be handed down generation through song. And through this, I hope our posterity will never forget the happiness, sadness, and glory of being a "Chinese" person."[32]

In 1987, Teng released the album I Only Care About You. After that, she basically stopped participating in commercial activities and gradually entered a semi-retired state.[25] She sang the song "We Are The Stars" in a Japanese TV show in 1988 whose lyrics were written by her.

Teng performed in Paris during the 1989 Tiananmen student protests on behalf of the students and expressed her support. On 27 May 1989, over 300,000 people attended the concert called "Democratic songs dedicated to China" (民主歌聲獻中華) at the Happy Valley Racecourse in Hong Kong. One of the highlights was her rendition of "My Home Is on the Other Side of the Mountain."

Though Teng performed in many countries around the world, she never performed in mainland China. During her 1980 TTV concert, when asked about such possibility, she responded by stating that the day she performs on the mainland will be the day the Three Principles of the People are implemented there – in reference to either the pursuit of Chinese democracy or reunification under the banner of the ROC."[33][34]

Success in Hong Kong[]

Teresa Teng playing drums in Hong Kong (August 1970)

In 1976, Teng held her first Hong Kong concert, which was a tremendous success. She continued performing in concerts for the next 5 years attracting big crowds throughout this time. Her first Cantonese album Antagonist, became a best seller in 1980, and it's single Forget Him became one of the most famous Cantonese pop songs at that time. Her second album The Long Journey of Life, released in 1983 achieved even bigger success than her predecessor. She became a household name in Hong Kong by the early 1980s, when she performed in both the Queen Elizabeth Stadium and Hong Kong Coliseum. Her monumental concert rightly named A Billion Applause concert, was performed in both Taiwan and Hong Kong in 1983, in honor of her 15th year as a performer. One year later, she was awarded a special medal by PolyGram Hong Kong, as a tribute to her success of having sold more than 5 million copies in Hong Kong.[35]

Career in Japan (1973–1987)[]

Teng in the United States, after temporarily being banned from Japan due to passport controversy (1979)

Teng entered the Japanese market in 1973. On March 1, 1974, Teng released her first Japanese single 'No Matter Tonight or Tomorrow,' which marked the beginning of her career in Japan. The single initially received a lukewarm market response and was ranked 75th on the Oricon Chart with sales of approximately 30,000. The Watanabe firm considered giving up using her name.[35] However, considering her success in Asia, the record company decided to release two or three consecutive singles to test the market further. On July 1, 1974, Teng’s second single Airport was released. The sales of 'Airport' were huge, totaling 700,000 copies. Teresa then released a number of successful singles including The Night Ferry and Goodbye, My Love both of which she also covered in Mandarin. In 1979, she was caught with a fake Indonesian passport while entering Japan and was deported and banned from entering the country for one year.[35]:204–214

After a long absence, Teresa returned to the Japanese market on September 21, 1983, and released her first single 'Tsugunai' (Atonement) after her comeback on 21 January 1984.[35] The single had quite a poor response initially; however, after a month, sales started to pick up, and seven months later, 'Atonement' eventually ranked 8th on the Oricon Chart. By the end of the year, sales surpassed 700,000 copies and final sales reached a million copies. Teng won the top award of 'Singer of the year' from Japan Cable Award. 'Tsugunai' won the most popular song category and stayed on the Oricon Chart for nearly a year.[35] The success broke all the sales records of her previous period (1974–1979). On February 21, 1985, her next single, 'Aijin' (Mistress) topped the Oricon Chart and Japan cable broadcasting request chart in the first week of its release. The song remained #1 for fourteen consecutive weeks and sales broke the 1.5 million mark. With 'Aijin' Teresa won the 'Singer of the year' for the second time. Moreover, she was invited to perform in Kouhaku Uta Gassen, which represented the highest honor in the Japanese music world. Her next single "Toki no Nagare ni Mi o Makase" was released on 21 February 1986.[35] The single topped the Oricon Chart and sales of the single reached 2.5 million in Asian market and became one of the most popular singles in Japan the same year. She won the Japan Cable Award for the third time in a row. Teng was again invited to perform in Kouhaku Uta Gassen for the second time. She became the first-ever artist to achieve three consecutive wins of this "Grand Prix", also known as Japan Cable Award. Teng also remains the only foreign singer to win this award for three consecutive years in the history of Japanese music (1984–1986).[35]:216–218 Teng gave her last solo concert at the NHK Hall in Tokyo in 1985 before semi-retiring from entertainment circle.[36]

Philanthropic causes[]

Teresa Teng sang at a charity fair held in Zhongzheng Hall in Taipei, for the relief of the earthquake in the Philippines (Aug 17, 1968)

Teng began charity performances at a very young age. One of her first performances came on August 17, 1968, when she sang at the charity fair in Zhongshan Hall in Taipei, for the relief of the earthquake in the Philippines. The charity sale was donated on the spot. She was invited next year by the wife of the then-President of Singapore Yusof Ishak to a charity performance at the Singapore national opera house. In the same year, she even achieved the honor of performing at the Ten-Star Charity Performance, held by the Singaporean authorities. In 1971, she became the youngest person ever to be awarded the title of the “Charity Queen” of Hong Kong’s Bai Hua You Arts Auction for making charity sales.[37] Teng continued performing for philanthropic causes throughout the 1970s in Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. In 1980, she raised over US$1 million for Yan Chai Hospital in Hong Kong and donated the proceeds of her show in Taiwan to that country's national trust fund.[29] Teng gave her last performance in 1993 & 1994 in Taiwan, one year before her unexpected passing away.[38]

Death and commemorations[]

Tomb of Teresa Teng

Teng died from severe asthma,[39] though doctors and her partner Paul Quilery had speculated that she died from a heart attack due to a side effect of an overdose of unspecified amphetamines while on holiday in Chiang Mai, Thailand at the age of 42 on 8 May 1995. Quilery was buying groceries when the attack occurred. He was aware that Teng relied on the same medication for minor attacks in the two months before her death. Teng had asthma throughout her adult life.[40]

Statue of Teresa Teng in Jinshan District, New Taipei

Teng's death produced unified sense of loss throughout all of Asia.[41] Her funeral in Taiwan became the largest scale state-sponsored funeral in country's history, second to only ROC leader Chiang Kai-shek. Over 200,000 people lined up outside the funeral home, waiting for the singer to make the last farewell.[25] Her funeral was broadcast on television stations across many Asian countries.[42] Teng was given state honors at her funeral with Taiwan's flag draped around her coffin. Hundreds of high-ranking officials and dignitaries, including commanders from three branches of the military attended the funeral who carried her coffin to her grave. A day of national mourning were declared and president Lee Teng-hui was among the thousands in attendance.[43] Teng was posthumously awarded the Ministry of Defense's highest honor for civilians, the KMT's "Hua-hsia Grade One Medal", the Overseas Chinese Affairs' Commission's "Hua Guang Grade one Medal," and the president's commendation.[44] She was buried in a mountainside tomb at Chin Pao San, a cemetery in Jinshan, New Taipei City (then Taipei County) overlooking the north coast of Taiwan.

According to her real name, the cemetery was named "Yun Yuan".[25] The gravesite features a Teng's golden life-size statue and a large electronic piano keyboard set in the ground that can be played by visitors who step on the keys. On the tombstone, the head of Teresa Teng is carved. The coffin lid behind the tombstone is polished with black marble. Behind the coffin lid is a stone sculpture. The upper half is a lying portrait of the singer, and the right side of the lower half is inlaid with a color photo of her, with the words "Deng Lijun, 1953-1995" written on the left side. On the right side of the coffin lid, there is a huge stone with the words "Yunyuan" inscribed by James Soong, chairman of the People First Party. On the left side of the coffin lid, there is a stone stele on which is engraved with the epitaph - "Here lies a superstar who dedicated her life to singing."[25] The memorial is often visited by her fans.[45]

In May 1995, Shanghai Radio host Dalù dedicated the Sunday morning broadcast to the Taiwanese singer, who died a few days earlier. Spreading her songs was banned in mainland China and the journalist was formally warned for this act.[46]

In 1995, a tribute album A Tribute to Teresa Teng was released, which contained covers of Teng's songs by prominent Chinese rock bands.[47]

In May 2002, a wax figure of Teng was unveiled at Madame Tussauds Hong Kong.[48] A house she bought in 1986 in Hong Kong at No. 18 Carmel Street, Stanley also became a popular fan site soon after her death. Plans to sell the home to finance a museum in Shanghai were made known in 2002,[49] and it subsequently sold for HK$32 million. It closed on what would have been her 51st birthday on 29 January 2004.[50]

To commemorate the 10th anniversary of her death, the Teresa Teng Culture and Education Foundation launched a campaign entitled "Feel Teresa Teng". In addition to organizing an anniversary concert in Hong Kong and Taiwan, fans paid homage at her shrine at Chin Pao San Cemetery. Additionally, some of her dresses, jewellery and personal items were placed on exhibition at Yuzi Paradise, an art park outside Guilin, China.[51] The foundation also served as her wishes to set up a school or educational institute.

In April 2015, a set of four stamps featuring Teng were released by the Chunghwa Post.[52]

Personal life[]

Teresa Teng with her mother in Los Angeles

In 1971, Teresa met her first boyfriend, Lin Zhenfa, a Malaysian paper tycoon. Lin liked Teng's music very much, often accompanying her to snack at night and write poems for her. Within a few years, they fell in love. In 1976, Lin died of a heart attack. Later Teresa recorded the song "Goodbye, My Love," dedicated to her boyfriend who had just died.[53]

In 1980, while studying as an auditor of classes at UCLA in the United States after her deportation from Japan, Teng met Jackie Chan, who was filming in Hollywood; however, due to their personality differences, they parted ways but remained friends.[54]

In 1981, Teng met , a Malaysian businessman and son of multi-billionaire Robert Kuok. They were engaged in 1982, but Teng called off the engagement due to prenuptial agreements which stipulated that she had to quit and sever all ties with the entertainment industry, as well as fully disclose her biography and all her past relationships in writing. Teresa was still willing to accept the second and third conditions, only to keep the chance to release her own records. However, the Guo family declined her request, and the marriage was canceled.[55]

In 1998, Paul Quilery revealed that Teng was engaged to him, and they were due to get married in August 1995.

Discography[]

Main article: Teresa Teng discography

Awards[]

Teng received the following awards in Japan:[56]

  • The New Singer Award for "Kūkō" (空港) in 1974.
  • The Gold Award in 1986 for "Toki no Nagare ni Mi o Makase" (時の流れに身をまかせ).
  • The Grand Prix for "Tsugunai" (つぐない) in 1984: "Aijin" (愛人) in 1985; and "Toki no Nagare ni Mi o Makase" (時の流れに身をまかせ) in 1986. This was the first time anyone had won the Grand Prix three years in a row. Teng's fourth Grand Prix for "Walare no Yokan" in 1988 was only for the All Japan Wired Cable Awards' year first-half award show (上半期)
  • The Outstanding Star Award for "Wakare no Yokan" (別れの予感) in 1987.
  • The Cable Radio Music Award for "Wakare no Yokan" in 1987 and 1988.
  • The Cable Radio Special Merit Award (有線功労賞) in 1995 for three consecutive Grand Prix wins.

Legacy[]

She left suddenly, and I was so frustrated that I always felt that the friendship between us shouldn’t end like this. Over the years, she often appeared in my dreams. Here, she is the same as the real woman—a mysterious woman. The amazing thing is that in the dream, the world thinks she has gone to heaven, but I know that she is still in the world.

Brigitte Lin[57]

In the course of her 30 years career and until now, Teng is widely acknowledged as one of the most successful and influential figures in Asian music and pop culture of all time, considering her deep impact on Asian music scene, particularly the Chinese-speaking world where her influence goes far beyond the music circle, to include the both political and cultural spheres; and her ability to sing in multiple languages made her an icon in all of Asia that helped birth to the era of region-wide pop superstardom that became today's norm.[58][59][60][61][62]

Cultural impact[]

Teresa Teng in Los Angeles (1980)

Teng is widely accepted as Asia's singing queen [63] and one of the most influential Asian entertainers of the 20th century.[61][64] She is credited by some as the enlightener and a pioneer of Chinese vocal performance art and modern popular music,[65] Her profound influence on the Asian music scene and the Chinese cultural sphere during the second half of the 20th century led her to being recognized as the Far East's first International singing star[66] whose music swept to all of Asia, having a lasting effect on Asian diaspora and beyond.[31]

Teresa Teng bronze statue near Luzhou station, Taipei, Taiwan

Until the late 1970s, for three decades foreign music and art had not allowed into mainland China, and love songs were virtually unknown. To appeal her music to the audiences in China, Teng blended traditional Chinese folk sound with western-style pop and jazzy tunes, which inspired the musical creations of later generations.[6][67] Her songs were more related to romance, personal emotions for one's hometown and loved ones, and sometimes social issues in society, a striking contrast to the then state-sponsored propaganda songs in China – often revolutionary songs praising the ruling party, lacking in a wide range of human emotions and modes of expression. , one of China's prominent music critics characterized the musical style during the revolutionary period as "lacking in yin and abundant in yang", meaning the overly masculine and lacking in femininity.[68] Personal relationships were deemed "taboo" and too "unimportant" to be openly discussed.[69][70] By early 1970s, as rates of radio ownership, especially of cheap and portable transistor models begun to increase, listening to Teng's music became the primary attraction. A typical account from a man who was a young police officer in Beijing at the time, describes the sensation of hearing her music for the first time in 1975 as a kind of intoxication: even with the sound so low that he and his friends would have to press their ears to the wooden frame of an old shortwave radio, their bodies would begin to tremble in response to the beauty of her songs, in a paroxysm of pleasure but also out of terror of the enormity of the transgression.[71] In 1977, when Teng's popular romantic song "The Moon Represents My Heart," was released, it became one of the first foreign songs to break into the country. Teng's songs over the following decade further revolutionized Chinese music scene and culture that marked the end of extremely tight control exercised in preceding 3 decades by communist party over Chinese society and culture.[72][73]

Chinese writer Ah Cheng account of his internal exile in the mountains of Yunnan is another representative of this phenomenon:

"Yunnan was endowed with a magnificent geographical gift: you could hardly hear central people's radio, and the newspaper would take days to make its way into the mountains and then be collected at the party's secretary's house, where you could ask him to tear off a strip when you wanted to roll up a cigarette. For people who listen to enemy radio, radio from the center or the official newspaper was merely a supplemental reference. But listening to enemy radio was not about political news so much as entertainment. I remember that whenever the Australian national station broadcast a radio play of the Taiwanese film The Story of a Small Town everyone would bring their own radio because the shortwave signal would tend to drift and that way we could cover the entire frequency range and make sure we had continuous sound from at least one receiver at a time. The boys and girls sitting around that grass hut would be in tears! Especially when Teresa Teng's voice rang out, emotions would rise to a fever pitch – her voice was to die for."[74]

Ching-Cheng Chen, a professor at The University of Edinburgh interviews Wu'erkaixi in 2010, one of the leaders of the democracy movement in 1989, and now living under political refuge in Taiwan. He indicated that the students who listened to Deng Lijun's songs in the 1980s actually discovered the desire for the pursuit of freedom through her singing voice. Therefore, when Deng Lijun died in 1995, they felt sad not only for the loss of a singer but felt regret for the disappearance of an era of ideals. What made them feel truly sad was their desire for better living space and political freedom brought by Deng Lijun's singing voice had now completely vanished with her death. Not only was her death, an end of pursuit for an 'ideal era', it was also the termination of a rebellious attitude.[75] He further adds: "To Chinese people, Deng Lijun was a great person. If Deng Xiao-ping brought economic freedom to China, Deng Lijun brought liberation of [the] body and [free] thinking to China. We can now see the rise of China. However, Chinese people do not enjoy more freedom. Until now, we've really understood that the liberation of body and spirit is more important than economic freedom."[76]

Miss Teng performing at concert in Lincoln Center, NY (1980)

Teng enjoyed overwhelming popularity in Japan and Southeast Asia throughout most of her career, and to some extent South Asia during the early and mid '80s,[77] achieving a "cult status" in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mainland China, and Japan, where she became a "barometer of cross-strait relations," in rising geopolitical tensions at the time,[78] and one of the first artists to break through language barrier and gain acceptance and accolades among various cultures. This paved the way for other Asian musicians and opened the door for artists in Asia to international success that were previously confined to national boundary.[6][79][58] Her songs have been covered by several hundreds of singers all over the world; among them few notable ones are Faye Wong, Andy Lau, Leslie Cheung, Jon Bon Jovi, Siti Nurhaliza, Shila Amzah, Katherine Jenkins, Im Yoon-ah, David Archuleta, Agnez Mo, Korean girl group f(x) (group), English vocal group Libera (choir), Jewish singer Noa (singer), Grammy award-winning American musician Kenny G, legendary Kiwi pianist Carl Doy, Cuba's leading a cappella musical band Vocal Sampling, and among others. Her songs are also featured in various International films, such as Rush Hour 2, The Game, Prison On Fire, Year of the Dragon, Formosa Betrayed, Gomorrah, and Crazy Rich Asians. In 1980, Teng became the first singer of Chinese descent to perform at the Lincoln Centre in New York City, and first Asian to stage at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, United States in 1983, two of the reputed musical venues in US.[27][80]

Teresa Teng in 1979

To the Chinese who grew up with her music, Teng was way more than just a pop singer. She became a symbol of unity between mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong in the 1970s and 1980s when politics were pushing the three of them apart.[81] Her music activated personal freedom, eliciting individual emotions, transcended ideological barriers, and bridged relationships between states.[82][83] In Taiwan, she remains a highly revered figure where she is regarded as a national heroine due to her dedication to music for everyone.[84]

Peter Chan, a Hong Kong filmmaker states in his interview with Michael Berry, a professor of Chinese cultural studies at University of California, Los Angeles: "Teresa Teng... is such an icon for all three China's i.e Hong Kong, Taiwan and the mainland. She is really the one who pulled everyone together. If you were from China in 1985, there was nobody else but Teresa Teng. She also herself represent that through her own diasporic background. She herself is the incarnation of the rootless Chinese."[85]

A literary critic Cai Xiang, in an essay on the Chinese 1970s, states: "Against the prohibitions of an "overly rigid, even prohibitive" system, Teng's music provided a "transgressive thrill" by opening a window to a curious new world beyond socialist normativity. All it took was one Teresa Teng to bring 'The East Is Red' to an end."[71]

In 1974, Teng entered the Japanese market, two years after Japan severed diplomatic ties with Taiwan. She was extremely popular in Japan throughout the 1970s and 1980s, having lived off her royalties in the country after semi-retiring in the late '80s. During this tenure, Teng recorded and performed Japanese pop songs, often termed as Kayokyoku by Japanese media, and helped connect Japan to much of East Asia, particularly Taiwan, China, and some of Southeast Asia, helping bridge the gap between them, some of which were later translated in Mandarin, as reported by Nippon.com[5] and Billboard.[86]

Minoru Funaki, the then chairman of the Board of the Taurus Recording Company spoke on this regard at the forum held in Taipei: "Teng's first Japanese record in 1974 was an immense flop. But instead of feeling defeated, Teng took all the blame, dusted herself off, and sworn that in one year, she would win the Best New Artist Award – and she did."[87]

Hirano Kumiko, an author at Nippon.com writes:[88]

"For Japanese, Teresa Teng was more than just a popular singer. By performing kayōkyoku, she connected Japan to its Asian neighbors. She taught us about the profundity of Chinese culture, whether in her birthplace of Taiwan, her ancestral home of China, or Hong Kong, which she loved throughout her life. We, her Japanese fans, will never forget her velvety voice and the brief, beautiful radiance of her life."

In 2007, she was inducted in "Popular Music Hall of Fame" at Koga Masao Music Museum in Japan, making her the only non-Japanese national to do so.[89]

Status[]

Teresa at Wong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong (1970)

Considered a "brilliant linguist" by The New York Times,[90] Teng has been named one of the world's seven greatest female singers by Time magazine in 1986.[91] In 2009, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, a government web portal conducted an online poll to choose "The Most Influential Cultural figure in China since 1949". Over 24 million people voted and Teng came out as a winner with 8.5 million votes. On the eve of the "March 8th International Women's Day" in 2010, she was named as "New China's Most Influential Woman", "The Most Famous Woman" and "My Favourite Woman" in the poll conducted in China.[92][25] In 2010, CNN included her among the 20 most influential music artists of the past 50 years.[23]

The 1996 Hong Kong film Comrades: Almost a Love Story, directed by Peter Chan, features the tragedy and legacy of Teng in a subplot to the main story. The movie won best picture in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and at the Seattle Film Festival in the United States. In 2007, TV Asahi produced a TV movie entitled Teresa Teng Monogatari (テレサ・テン物語)[93] to commemorate the 13th anniversary of her death. Actress Yoshino Kimura starred as Teng.[94]

In 2003, Teng's burial mound and commemorative statue was erected in Fushou Garden, Qingpu District, Shanghai.[95]

On January 29, 2009, Hong Kong's first Teresa Teng-themed coffee shop was opened by the New Life Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association. The coffee shop hires ex-mentally ill people as waiters, providing employment and job training opportunities. The food and beverages sold in the coffee shop are based on the theme of health to match Teng's desire to pursue a healthy life.[96]

In 2016, The Daming County government in Handan City of southern Hebei province, China spent 800 million yuan (approximately US$110 million) to build the "Lijun Town" dedicated to her. It not only repaired the Deng's ancestral home, but also built Lijun Plaza, coffee shops, bars and other facilities. Teresa’s singing can be heard in every corner of the town. The city also features "Teresa Teng Hanging Garden" located in Universal Melody City, Handan City. This place is a viewing platform and has a Teresa Teng Museum. The Garden provides Teresa Teng Art Center, outdoor wedding plaza, music art plaza, twelve constellation water system, golf course, outdoor playground, as well as culture and art, education, medical and health care and many other formats. Visitors can enjoy Teng's music through artificial intelligence technology.[97]

In a Jay Chou concert in 2013, a 3D virtual hologram of Teng was created. Chou sang three songs with it. Teng also appeared on a Japanese TV show using 3D VR technology in 2017.[98]

On 29 January 2018, a Google Doodle was released across Japan, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, India, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, Finland, Sweden, Bulgaria, Canada and Iceland to honor the singer's 65th birth anniversary.[99][100]

Evaluation[]

Famous Hollywood star, Jackie Chan: “Teresa Teng is the last classic. She is very noble"[101]

Chinese rock singer, Tian Zhen: “The singer I admire most is Teresa Teng. She is a very great singer and an absolute master. Her pronunciation, her rhyme, and her breathing control have all given us a lot of reference.”[102]

Chinese writer and scholar, Yu Qiuyu: “Teresa Teng is the password to Chinese culture.”[103]

Former chairman of Japanese recoring company, Minoru Funaki: “Teng is undoubtedly the last great superstar of 20th century. There will never be another diva like her.”[104]

Japanese composer Takashi Miki: "Teng inspired my enthusiasm for music. She is great."[105]

Director of CCTV Jiading: "Teng Lijun is a milestone and an enlightened figure in music, whose appearance has made everyone aware of popular music. No one can surpass her status and influence. She has way more influence than popular songs or the pop stars on society. She used her music to even change the social thinking, our way of life and attitude towards life. She has completely changed us. I have no exaggeration to say that she is born once in five hundred years."[106]

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