Thorne system

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A system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system of plant classification was devised by the American botanist Robert F. Thorne (1920–2015) in 1968,[1] and he continued to issue revisions over many years (1968–2007).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

Some versions of the system are available online. The Bioinformatics Working Group Center for the Study of Digital Libraries at Texas A&M University lists the March 1999 version[9] (and other classification systems).[10] James Reveal's course lecture notes (1999) also gives an account of the Thorne system at that time, with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system[11] together with several other classification systems.[12]

For a discussion of the various suffixes used for superorders (-florae vs. -anae), see Brummitt 1992,[13] and Thorne 1992.[5] In this latter paper, Thorne sets out his reasons for abandoning -florae for -anae, following contemporary practice.

1968 System[]

Monocotyledons[]

Superorders

  • Superorder
  • Superorder Triuridiflorae
  • Superorder Liliiflorae
    Order Liliales
  • Superorder Ariflorae
  • Superorder Commeliniflorae

1992 System[]

The 1992 system lists 69 orders and 440 families

Summary[]

  • Class Magnoliopsida [= angiosperms ]
    Subclass Magnoliidae [= dicotyledons ]
    Superorder Magnolianae
    Superorder Nymphaeanae
    Superorder
    Superorder Caryophyllanae
    Superorder Theanae
    Superorder
    Superorder Malvanae
    Superorder Violanae
    Superorder Santalanae
    Superorder
    Superorder Rutanae
    Superorder Proteanae
    Superorder Rosanae
    Superorder Cornanae
    Superorder Asteranae
    Superorder Solananae
    Superorder Loasanae
    Superorder Myrtanae
    Superorder Gentiananae
    Subclass Liliidae [= monocotyledons ]
    Superorder Lilianae
    Superorder
    Superorder Triuridanae
    Superorder Alismatanae
    Superorder Aranae
    Superorder Cyclanthanae
    Superorder Pandananae
    Superorder Arecanae
    Superorder Commelinanae

Magnoliidae[]

  • Subclass Magnoliidae [= dicotyledons ]
    Superorder Magnolianae
    Order Magnoliales
    Family Winteraceae
    Family Illiciaceae
    Family Schisandraceae
    Family Magnoliaceae
    Family Degeneriaceae
    Family Himantandraceae
    Family Eupomatiaceae
    Family Annonaceae
    Family Aristolochiaceae
    Family Myristicaceae
    Family Canellaceae
    Family Austrobaileyaceae
    Family Amborellaceae
    Family Trimeniaceae
    Family Chloranthaceae
    Family Monimiaceae
    Family Gomortegaceae
    Family Calycanthaceae
    Family Lauraceae
    Family Hernandiaceae
    Family Lactoridaceae
    Family Saururaceae
    Family Piperaceae
    Order Ceratophyllales
    Family Ceratophyllaceae
    Order Nelumbonales
    Family Nelumbonaceae
    Order Paeoniales
    Family Paeoniaceae
    Family Glaucidiaceae
    Order
    Family Menispermaceae
    Family Lardizabalaceae
    Family Sargentodoxaceae
    Family Berberidaceae
    Family
    Family Ranunculaceae
    Family Circaeasteraceae
    Family Papaveraceae
    Superorder Nymphaeanae
    Order Nymphaeales
    Family Cabombaceae
    Family Nymphaeaceae
    Superorder
    Order Rafflesiales
    Family Hydnoraceae
    Family Rafflesiaceae
    Superorder Caryophyllanae
    Order Caryophyllales
    Family Caryophyllaceae
    Family Portulacaceae
    Family
    Family Basellaceae
    Family Didiereaceae
    Family Cactaceae
    Family Phytolaccaceae
    Family Petiveriaceae
    Family
    Family Barbeuiaceae
    Family Achatocarpaceae
    Family Stegnospermataceae
    Family Nyctaginaceae
    Family Aizoaceae
    Family Halophytaceae
    Family Molluginaceae
    Family Chenopodiaceae
    Family Amaranthaceae
    Superorder Theanae
    Order Theales
    Family Dilleniaceae
    Family Actinidiaceae
    Family Paracryphiaceae
    Family Stachyuraceae
    Family Theaceae
    Family Asteropeiaceae
    Family Tetrameristaceae
    Family Pellicieraceae
    Family Chrysobalanaceae
    Family Symplocaceae
    Family Caryocaraceae
    Family Marcgraviaceae
    Family Oncothecaceae
    Family Aquifoliaceae
    Family Phellinaceae
    Family Sphenostemonaceae
    Family Sarraceniaceae
    Family Pentaphylacaceae
    Family Clethraceae
    Family Cyrillaceae
    Family Ochnaceae
    Family Quiinaceae
    Family Scytopetalaceae
    Family Medusagynaceae
    Family Strasburgeriaceae
    Family Ancistrocladaceae
    Family Dioncophyllaceae
    Family Nepenthaceae
    Family Bonnetiaceae
    Family Clusiaceae
    Family Elatinaceae
    Family Lecythidaceae
    Order Ericales
    Family Ericaceae
    Family Epacridaceae
    Family Empetraceae
    Order
    Family Fouquieriaceae
    Order
    Family Ebenaceae
    Family
    Family Sapotaceae
    Family Styracaceae
    Order Primulales
    Family Theophrastaceae
    Family Myrsinaceae
    Family Primulaceae
    Family Plumbaginaceae
    Order Polygonales
    Family Polygonaceae
    Superorder
    Order Celastrales
    Family Celastraceae
    Family Goupiaceae
    Family Lophopyxidaceae
    Family Stackhousiaceae
    Family Corynocarpaceae
    Superorder Malvanae
    Order Malvales
    Family Sterculiaceae
    Family Huaceae
    Family Elaeocarpaceae
    Family
    Family Tiliaceae
    Family
    Family Dipterocarpaceae
    Family Sarcolaenaceae
    Family Sphaerosepalaceae
    Family Bombacaceae
    Family Malvaceae
    Order Urticales
    Family Ulmaceae
    Family Moraceae
    Family Cecropiaceae
    Family Barbeyaceae
    Family Urticaceae
    Family Cannabaceae
    Order Rhamnales
    Family Rhamnaceae
    Family Elaeagnaceae
    Order Euphorbiales
    Family Euphorbiaceae
    Family Aextoxicaceae
    Family Simmondsiaceae
    Family Dichapetalaceae
    Family
    Family Thymelaeaceae
    Superorder Violanae
    Order Violales
    Family Bixaceae
    Family Cochlospermaceae
    Family Cistaceae
    Family Violaceae
    Family Flacourtiaceae
    Family Physenaceae
    Family Lacistemataceae
    Family Salicaceae
    Family Dipentodontaceae
    Family Peridiscaceae
    Family Scyphostegiaceae
    Family Passifloraceae
    Family
    Family Malesherbiaceae
    Family Achariaceae
    Family Caricaceae
    Family Tamaricaceae
    Family Frankeniaceae
    Family Cucurbitaceae
    Family Begoniaceae
    Family Datiscaceae
    Order Brassicales
    Family Resedaceae
    Family Capparaceae
    Family Brassicaceae
    Family Salvadoraceae
    Family Gyrostemonaceae
    Order Batales
    Family Bataceae
    Superorder Santalanae
    Order Santalales
    Family Olacaceae
    Family Opiliaceae
    Family Medusandraceae
    Family Santalaceae
    Family Misodendraceae
    Family Loranthaceae
    Family Eremolepidaceae
    Family Viscaceae
    Order Balanophorales
    Family Balanophoraceae
    Family Cynomoriaceae
    Superorder
    Order Linales
    Family Humiriaceae
    Family Ctenolophonaceae
    Family
    Family Ixonanthaceae
    Family Linaceae
    Family Erythroxylaceae
    Family Zygophyllaceae
    Family
    Order Rhizophorales
    Family Rhizophoraceae
    Order Geraniales
    Family Oxalidaceae
    Family Geraniaceae
    Family Balsaminaceae
    Family Tropaeolaceae
    Family Limnanthaceae
    Order Polygalales
    Family Malpighiaceae
    Family Trigoniaceae
    Family Vochysiaceae
    Family Polygalaceae
    Family Krameriaceae
    Superorder Rutanae
    Order Rutales
    Family Rutaceae
    Family Rhabdodendraceae
    Family Cneoraceae
    Family Simaroubaceae
    Family Picramniaceae
    Family Ptaeroxylaceae
    Family Meliaceae
    Family Burseraceae
    Family Anacardiaceae
    Family Leitneriaceae
    Family
    Family Coriariaceae
    Family Sapindaceae
    Family Sabiaceae
    Family Melianthaceae
    Family Akaniaceae
    Family Bretschneideraceae
    Family Moringaceae
    Family Surianaceae
    Family Connaraceae
    Family Fabaceae
    Superorder Proteanae
    Order Proteales
    Family Proteaceae
    Superorder Rosanae
    Order Hamamelidales
    Family Trochodendraceae
    Family Eupteleaceae
    Family Cercidiphyllaceae
    Family Platanaceae
    Family Hamamelidaceae
    Order Casuarinales
    Family Casuarinaceae
    Order
    Family Buxaceae
    Family Didymelaceae
    Family Daphniphyllaceae
    Family Balanopaceae
    Order Bruniales
    Family Roridulaceae
    Family Bruniaceae
    Family Geissolomataceae
    Family Grubbiaceae
    Family Myrothamnaceae
    Family Hydrostachyaceae
    Order Juglandales
    Family Rhoipteleaceae
    Family Juglandaceae
    Family Myricaceae
    Order
    Family Ticodendraceae
    Family Betulaceae
    Family Nothofagaceae
    Family Fagaceae
    Order Rosales
    Family Rosaceae
    Family Neuradaceae
    Family Crossosomataceae
    Family Anisophylleaceae
    Order Saxifragales
    Family Tetracarpaeaceae
    Family Crassulaceae
    Family Cephalotaceae
    Family Penthoraceae
    Family Saxifragaceae
    Family Francoaceae
    Family Grossulariaceae
    Family Vahliaceae
    Family Eremosynaceae
    Family
    Family Parnassiaceae
    Family Stylidiaceae
    Family Droseraceae
    Family Greyiaceae
    Family Diapensiaceae
    Order Podostemales
    Family Podostemaceae
    Order
    Family Cunoniaceae
    Family Davidsoniaceae
    Family Staphyleaceae
    Superorder Cornanae
    Order
    Family Hydrangeaceae
    Family Escalloniaceae
    Family Carpodetaceae
    Family Griseliniaceae
    Family Alseuosmiaceae
    Family Montiniaceae
    Family Brexiaceae
    Family Columelliaceae
    Family Desfontainiaceae
    Order Cornales
    Family Vitaceae
    Family Gunneraceae
    Family Haloragaceae
    Family Cornaceae
    Family Curtisiaceae
    Family Alangiaceae
    Family Garryaceae
    Family
    Family Aralidiaceae
    Family Eucommiaceae
    Family Icacinaceae
    Family Metteniusaceae
    Family Cardiopteridaceae
    Family
    Order
    Family Pittosporaceae
    Family Byblidaceae
    Family Tremandraceae
    Order Araliales
    Family Helwingiaceae
    Family Torricelliaceae
    Family Araliaceae
    Family Hydrocotylaceae
    Family Apiaceae
    Order Dipsacales
    Family Caprifoliaceae
    Family Adoxaceae
    Family Valerianaceae
    Family
    Family Dipsacaceae
    Family Morinaceae
    Superorder Asteranae
    Order Asterales
    Family Calyceraceae
    Family Asteraceae
    Order Campanulales
    Family Menyanthaceae
    Family Pentaphragmataceae
    Family Sphenocleaceae
    Family Campanulaceae
    Family Goodeniaceae
    Superorder Solananae
    Order Solanales
    Family Solanaceae
    Family
    Family
    Family
    Family Convolvulaceae
    Family Hydrophyllaceae
    Family Boraginaceae
    Family Hoplestigmataceae
    Family Lennoaceae
    Family Tetrachondraceae
    Family Polemoniaceae
    Superorder Loasanae
    Order
    Family Loasaceae
    Superorder Myrtanae
    Order Myrtales
    Family Lythraceae
    Family Alzateaceae
    Family Rhynchocalycaceae
    Family Penaeaceae
    Family Oliniaceae
    Family Trapaceae
    Family Crypteroniaceae
    Family Melastomataceae
    Family Combretaceae
    Family Onagraceae
    Family Myrtaceae
    Superorder Gentiananae
    Order Gentianales
    Family Loganiaceae
    Family Rubiaceae
    Family
    Family Apocynaceae
    Family Gentianaceae
    Family
    Order Scrophulariales
    Family Oleaceae
    Family Buddlejaceae
    Family Stilbaceae
    Family Bignoniaceae
    Family Pedaliaceae
    Family Martyniaceae
    Family Myoporaceae
    Family Scrophulariaceae
    Family Gesneriaceae
    Family Globulariaceae
    Family Plantaginaceae
    Family Lentibulariaceae
    Family Acanthaceae
    Family Callitrichaceae
    Family Hippuridaceae
    Family Verbenaceae
    Family Phrymaceae
    Family
    Family
    Family Avicenniaceae
    Family Lamiaceae

Liliidae[]

2007 System[]

The 2007 system lists 12 subclasses, 35 superorders, 87 orders, 40 suborders, and 472 families. It uses the suffixes given in the following example.

Class Magnoliopsida ("Angiospermae") - 12 subclasses

  • Subclass Magnoliidae
    • Superorder: Magnolianae
      • Order: Magnoliales
        • SubOrder: Magnoliineae
          • Family: Magnoliaceae
            • SubFamily: Magnolioideae
              • Tribe: Magnolieae
Subclasses (12)

Note: Monocotyledons are represented here by 3 separate subclasses 3–5[14]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Thorne 1968.
  2. ^ Thorne 1976.
  3. ^ Thorne 1977.
  4. ^ Thorne 1983.
  5. ^ a b Thorne 1992a.
  6. ^ Thorne 1992b.
  7. ^ Reveal 1999a.
  8. ^ Thorne & Reveal 2007.
  9. ^ Robert F. Thorne. 1992. Classification and Geography of Flowering Plants. Botanical Review 58: 225-348 as updated December, 1992 and March, 1999. Source for March 1999 in Reveal (1999a)
  10. ^ Texas A&M Flowering Plant Gateway
  11. ^ Reveal 1999b.
  12. ^ Reveal 1999c.
  13. ^ Brummitt 1992, pp. 770–776.
  14. ^ Singh 2019, p. 260.

Bibliography[]

  • Reveal, James (22 November 1998). "Lists of the Flowering Plant Taxa Accepted by Cronquist, Dahlgren, Reveal, Takhtajan & Thorne". Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  • Reveal, James L (29 March 1999a). "An updated classification of the Monocotyledoneae by Robert F Thorne". Plant Biology. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  • Reveal, James L (1999b). "Thorne System of Angiosperm Classification". Plant systematics.org. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  • Reveal, James L (1999c). "PBIO250 Lecture Notes. Plant Taxonomy: Systems of Vascular Plant Classification". Plant systematics.org. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  • Brummitt, R.K. (1992). Vascular plant families and genera : a listing of the genera of vascular plants of the world according to their families, as recognised in the Kew Herbarium, with an analysis of relationships of the flowering plant families according to eight systems of classification. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. ISBN 9780947643430.
  • Singh, Gurcharan (2019) [2004]. Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach (4th ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-00-057677-1.

Works by Thorne[]

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