20th century system of plant classification
A 20th-century system of plant taxonomy , the Reveal system (see also the Thorne & Reveal system) of plant classification was drawn up by the American botanist James Reveal (1941-2015). The system was published online in 1997 in ten parts as lecture notes comparing the major systems in use at that time. Subsequently, Reveal became an author with the consensus Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) on the APG II 2003 and APG III 2009 processes. Although this largely supplanted the earlier and competing systems, he collaborated with Robert Thorne on his system (2007), and subsequently continued to develop his own system.
1997 system [ ] In more detail:
division 6. Magnoliophyta
class 1. Magnoliopsida
subclass 1. Magnoliidae
superorder 1. Magnolianae
order 1. Winterales
family 1. Winteraceae
order 2. Canellales
family 1. Canellaceae
order 3. Illiciales
family 1. Illiciaceae
family 2. Schisandraceae
order 4. Magnoliales
family 1. Degeneriaceae
family 2. Himantandraceae
family 3. Magnoliaceae
order 5.
family 1. Eupomatiaceae
order 6. Annonales
family 1. Annonaceae
order 7.
family 1. Myristicaceae
order 8. Austrobaileyales
family 1. Austrobaileyaceae
superorder 2.
order 1. Laurales
family 1. Amborellaceae
family 2. Trimeniaceae
family 3. Monimiaceae
family 4. Gomortegaceae
family 5. Hernandiaceae
family 6. Lauraceae
order 2.
family 1. Calycanthaceae
family 2. Idiospermaceae
order 3. Chloranthales
family 1. Chloranthaceae
class 2.
subclass 1.
superorder 1.
order 1. Piperales
family 1. Saururaceae
family 2. Piperaceae
superorder 2.
order 1. Lactoridales
family 1. Lactoridaceae
order 2. Aristolochiales
family 1. Aristolochiaceae
superorder 3.
order 1.
family 1. Hydnoraceae
order 2. Rafflesiales
family 1. Apodanthaceae
family 2. Mitrastemonaceae
family 3. Rafflesiaceae
family 4. Cytinaceae
superorder 4. Balanophoranae
order 1.
family 1. Cynomoriaceae
order 2. Balanophorales
family 1. Mystropetalaceae
family 2.
family 3.
family 4.
family 5.
family 6.
family 7.
family 8. Balanophoraceae
subclass 2.
superorder 1. Nymphaeanae
order 1. Nymphaeales
family 1. Nymphaeaceae
family 2. Barclayaceae
subclass 3.
superorder 1.
order 1. Nelumbonales
family 1. Nelumbonaceae
order 2.
family 1. Hydropeltidaceae
family 2. Cabombaceae
superorder 2. Ceratophyllanae
order 1. Ceratophyllales
family 1. Ceratophyllaceae
class 3. Liliopsida
subclass 1. Alismatidae
superorder 1.
order 1.
family 1. Butomaceae
superorder 2. Alismatanae
order 1. Alismatales
family 1. Limnocharitaceae
family 2. Alismataceae
order 2. Hydrocharitales
family 1. Hydrocharitaceae
order 3.
family 1. Aponogetonaceae
order 4. Najadales
family 1. Najadaceae
order 5.
family 1. Scheuchzeriaceae
family 2. Juncaginaceae
order 6. Potamogetonales
family 1. Potamogetonaceae
family 2. Ruppiaceae
family 3. Zannichelliaceae
family 4. Zosteraceae
family 5. Posidoniaceae
family 6. Cymodoceaceae
subclass 2.
superorder 1. Triuridanae
order 1. Triuridales
family 1. Triuridaceae
subclass 3.
superorder 1.
order 1. Acorales
family 1. Acoraceae
superorder 2. Aranae
order 1. Arales
family 1. Araceae
superorder 3. Cyclanthanae
order 1. Cyclanthales
family 1. Cyclanthaceae
superorder 4. Pandananae
order 1. Pandanales
family 1. Pandanaceae
subclass 4. Liliidae
order 1. Lilianae
order 1. Tofieldiales
family 1. Tofieldiaceae
order 2. Dioscoreales
family 1. Trichopodaceae
family 2. Stenomeridaceae
family 3.
family 4. Dioscoreaceae
family 5. Stemonaceae
family 6. Croomiaceae
family 7. Pentastemonaceae
family 8. Taccaceae
order 3. Smilacales
family 1. Ripogonaceae
family 2. Smilacaceae
family 3. Petermanniaceae
order 4. Nartheciales
family 1. Nartheciaceae
order 5. Petrosaviales
family 1. Petrosaviaceae
order 6. Melanthiales
family 1.
family 2.
family 3.
family 4. Melanthiaceae
family 5. Japonoliriaceae
family 6. Campynemataceae
order 7.
family 1. Trilliaceae
order 8.
family 1. Alstroemeriaceae
order 9.
family 1.
family 2. Colchicaceae
family 3.
family 4. Uvulariaceae
family 5.
family 6. Calochortaceae
order 10. Liliales
family 1. Liliaceae
family 2. Medeolaceae
order 11.
family 1. Hypoxidaceae
order 12. Orchidales
family 1. Orchidaceae
order 13.
family 1. Lanariaceae
family 2. Ixioliriaceae
family 3.
family 4. Tecophilaeaceae
family 5. Cyanastraceae
family 6. Eriospermaceae
order 14. Iridales
family 1. Iridaceae
order 15. Burmanniales
family 1. Burmanniaceae
family 2. Corsiaceae
order 16.
family 1. Hyacinthaceae
family 2. Themidaceae
family 3. Alliaceae
family 4. Hesperocallidaceae
family 5. Amaryllidaceae
order 17. Asparagales
family 2. Convallariaceae
family 3. Ophiopogonaceae
family 4. Asparagaceae
order 18.
family 1. Dracaenaceae
family 2. Ruscaceae
family 3. Nolinaceae
family 4. Asteliaceae
family 6.
family 7. Luzuriagaceae
family 8. Philesiaceae
order 19.
family 1. Hanguanaceae
order 20.
family 1. Dasypogonaceae
family 2. Calectasiaceae
family 3. Hemerocallidaceae
family 4. Blandfordiaceae
family 5. Xanthorrhoeaceae
family 6. Agavaceae
family 7. Anthericaceae
family 8. Laxmanniaceae
family 9. Herreriaceae
family 10. Phormiaceae
family 11. Johnsoniaceae
family 12. Doryanthaceae
family 13. Asphodelaceae
family 14. Aloaceae
family 15. Aphyllanthaceae
family 16. Hostaceae
subclass 5. Arecidae
superorder 1. Arecanae
order 1. Arecales
family 1. Arecaceae
subclass 6. Commelinidae
superorder 1. Bromelianae
order 1. Bromeliales
family 1. Bromeliaceae
order 2.
family 1. Velloziaceae
superorder 2.
order 1. Haemodorales
family 1. Haemodoraceae
order 2.
family 1. Philydraceae
order 3.
family 1. Pontederiaceae
superorder 3. Commelinanae
order 1. Xyridales
family 1. Rapateaceae
family 2. Xyridaceae
family 3. Mayacaceae
order 2. Commelinales
family 1. Commelinaceae
order 3. Eriocaulales
family 1. Eriocaulaceae
superorder 4.
order 1. Hydatellales
family 1. Hydatellaceae
superorder 5.
order 1. Typhales
family 1. Typhaceae
family 2. Sparganiaceae
superorder 6. Juncanae
order 1. Juncales
family 1. Juncaceae
family 2. Thurniaceae
order 2. Cyperales
family 1. Cyperaceae
order 3.
order 4. Restionales
family 1. Flagellariaceae
family 2. Joinvilleaceae
family 3. Restionaceae
family 4. Anarthriaceae
family 5. Ecdeiocoleaceae
family 6. Centrolepidaceae
order 5. Poales
family 1. Poaceae
subclass 7. Zingiberidae
superorder 1. Zingiberanae
order 1. Zingiberales
family 1. Strelitziaceae
family 2. Heliconiaceae
family 3. Musaceae
family 4. Lowiaceae
family 5. Zingiberaceae
family 6. Costaceae
family 7. Cannaceae
family 8. Marantaceae
class 4.
subclass 1. Ranunculidae
superorder 1. Ranunculanae
order 1.
family 1. Lardizabalaceae
family 2. Sargentodoxaceae
family 3.
order 2.
family 1. Menispermaceae
order 3.
family 1. Nandinaceae
family 2. Berberidaceae
family 3.
family 4. Podophyllaceae
family 5. Leonticaceae
order 4. Ranunculales
family 1.
family 2. Ranunculaceae
order 5.
family 1. Kingdoniaceae
family 2. Circaeasteraceae
order 6.
family 1. Glaucidiaceae
order 7. Paeoniales
family 1. Paeoniaceae
order 8. Papaverales
family 1. Pteridophyllaceae
family 2. Papaveraceae
class 5. Rosopsida
subclass 1. Caryophyllidae
superorder 1. Caryophyllanae
order 1. Caryophyllales
family 1. Achatocarpaceae
family 2. Portulacaceae
family 3.
family 4. Basellaceae
family 5. Didiereaceae
family 6. Cactaceae
family 7. Stegnospermataceae
family 8. Phytolaccaceae
family 9. Petiveriaceae
family 10. Gisekiaceae
family 11.
family 12. Barbeuiaceae
family 13. Nyctaginaceae
family 14. Sarcobataceae
family 15. Aizoaceae
family 16.
family 17. Tetragoniaceae
family 18. Halophytaceae
family 19. Molluginaceae
family 20. Chenopodiaceae
family 21. Amaranthaceae
family 22. Caryophyllaceae
superorder 2. Polygonanae
order 1. Polygonales
family 1. Polygonaceae
superorder 3.
order 1. Plumbaginales
family 1. Plumbaginaceae
subclass 2. Hamamelididae
superorder 1. Trochodendranae
order 1. Trochodendrales
family 1. Trochodendraceae
family 2. Tetracentraceae
order 2.
family 1. Eupteleaceae
order 3.
family 1. Cercidiphyllaceae
superorder 2. Myrothamnanae
order 1.
family 1. Myrothamnaceae
superorder 3.
order 1. Hamamelidales
family 1. Hamamelidaceae
family 2. Altingiaceae
family 3. Platanaceae
superorder 4.
order 1. Casuarinales
family 1. Casuarinaceae
superorder 5.
order 1.
family 1. Barbeyaceae
order 2. Daphniphyllales
family 1. Daphniphyllaceae
order 3.
family 1. Balanopaceae
order 4.
family 1. Didymelaceae
order 5. Buxales
family 1. Buxaceae
order 6.
family 1. Simmondsiaceae
superorder 6.
order 1. Fagales
family 1. Nothofagaceae
family 2. Fagaceae
order 2.
family 1. Betulaceae
family 2. Corylaceae
family 2.
family 3. Ticodendraceae
order 3. Myricales
family 1. Myricaceae
order 4.
family 1. Rhoipteleaceae
order 5. Juglandales
family 1. Juglandaceae
subclass 3. Dilleniidae
superorder 1. Dillenianae
order 1. Dilleniales
family 1. Dilleniaceae
superorder 2. Theanae
order 1. Paracryphiales
family 1. Paracryphiaceae
order 2. Theales
family 1. Stachyuraceae
family 2. Theaceae
family 3. Asteropeiaceae
family 4. Pentaphylacaceae
family 5. Tetrameristaceae
family 6. Oncothecaceae
family 7. Marcgraviaceae
family 8. Caryocaraceae
family 9. Pellicieraceae
family 10. Clusiaceae
order 3.
family 1. Physenaceae
order 4.
family 1. Medusagynaceae
family 2. Strasburgeriaceae
family 3. Scytopetalaceae
family 4. Ochnaceae
family 5. Quiinaceae
order 5.
family 1. Elatinaceae
order 6.
family 1. Ancistrocladaceae
order 7.
family 1. Dioncophyllaceae
superorder 3.
order 1. Lecythidales
family 1. Lecythidaceae
family 2.
family 3.
family 4. Foetidiaceae
superorder 4.
order 1. Sarraceniales
family 1. Sarraceniaceae
superorder 5.
order 1. Nepenthales
family 1. Nepenthaceae
order 2.
family 1. Droseraceae
superorder 6.
order 1.
family 1. Actinidiaceae
order 2. Ericales
family 1. Cyrillaceae
family 2. Clethraceae
family 3. Ericaceae
order 3. Diapensiales
family 1. Diapensiaceae
order 4. Bruniales
family 1. Bruniaceae
family 2. Grubbiaceae
order 5. Geissolomatales
family 1. Geissolomataceae
order 6.
family 1. Fouquieriaceae
superorder 7. Primulanae
order 1.
family 1. Styracaceae
family 2. Symplocaceae
family 3. Ebenaceae
family 4.
family 5. Sapotaceae
order 2. Primulales
family 1. Theophrastaceae
family 2. Myrsinaceae
family 3. Primulaceae
superorder 8. Violanae
order 1. Violales
family 1. Berberidopsidaceae
family 2. Aphloiaceae
family 3.
family 4. Flacourtiaceae
family 5. Lacistemataceae
family 6. Peridiscaceae
family 7. Violaceae
family 8. Dipentodontaceae
family 9. Scyphostegiaceae
order 2.
family 1. Passifloraceae
family 2.
family 3. Malesherbiaceae
family 4. Achariaceae
order 3.
family 1. Caricaceae
order 4. Salicales
family 1. Salicaceae
order 5.
family 1. Elaeocarpaceae
order 6. Tamaricales
family 1. Tamaricaceae
family 2. Frankeniaceae
superorder 9.
order 1.
family 1. Moringaceae
order 2.
family 1. Gyrostemonaceae
order 3. Batales
family 1. Bataceae
order 4. Capparales
family 1. Koeberliniaceae
family 2. Pentadiplandraceae
family 3. Capparaceae
family 4. Brassicaceae
family 5. Tovariaceae
family 6. Resedaceae
superorder 10. Malvanae
order 1. Cistales
family 1. Bixaceae
family 2. Cochlospermaceae
family 3. Cistaceae
family 4.
order 2. Malvales
family 1. Tiliaceae
family 2. Dirachmaceae
family 3.
family 4. Dipterocarpaceae
family 5. Sarcolaenaceae
family 6.
family 7. Huaceae
family 8. Sterculiaceae
family 9. Sphaerosepalaceae
family 10. Bombacaceae
family 11. Malvaceae
order 3. Thymelaeales
family 1.
family 2. Thymelaeaceae
superorder 11.
order 1.
family 1. Datiscaceae
family 2. Begoniaceae
order 2. Cucurbitales
family 1. Cucurbitaceae
superorder 12.
order 1. Urticales
family 1. Ulmaceae
family 2. Celtidaceae
family 3. Moraceae
family 4. Cecropiaceae
family 5. Urticaceae
family 6. Cannabaceae
superorder 13.
order 1. Euphorbiales
family 1. Euphorbiaceae
family 2. Pandaceae
family 3. Dichapetalaceae
subclass 4. Rosidae
superorder 1.
order 1.
family 1. Cunoniaceae
family 2. Davidsoniaceae
family 3. Eucryphiaceae
family 4. Brunelliaceae
order 2.
family 1. Cephalotaceae
order 3.
family 1. Greyiaceae
order 4.
family 1. Francoaceae
order 5. Crossosomatales
family 1. Crossosomataceae
order 6. Saxifragales
family 1. Tetracarpaeaceae
family 2. Penthoraceae
family 3. Crassulaceae
family 4. Grossulariaceae
family 5. Pterostemonaceae
family 6. Iteaceae
family 7. Saxifragaceae
superorder 2.
order 1. Gunnerales
family 1. Gunneraceae
order 2. Haloragales
family 1. Haloragaceae
order 3. Podostemales
family 1. Podostemaceae
superorder 3.
order 1.
family 1. Brexiaceae
order 2.
family 1. Parnassiaceae
family 2.
order 3. Celastrales
family 1. Celastraceae
family 2. Goupiaceae
family 3. Lophopyxidaceae
family 4. Stackhousiaceae
order 4.
family 1. Salvadoraceae
order 5. Aquifoliales
family 1. Aquifoliaceae
family 2. Phellinaceae
family 3. Sphenostemonaceae
family 4. Icacinaceae
family 5. Cardiopteridaceae
family 6. Aextoxicaceae
order 6.
family 1. Corynocarpaceae
superorder 4. Santalanae
order 1.
family 1. Medusandraceae
order 2. Santalales
family 1. Olacaceae
family 2. Opiliaceae
family 3. Santalaceae
family 4. Misodendraceae
family 5. Loranthaceae
family 6. Eremolepidaceae
family 7. Viscaceae
superorder 5. Rosanae
order 1. Rosales
family 1. Rosaceae
family 2. Neuradaceae
family 3. Chrysobalanaceae
superorder 6.
order 1. Geraniales
family 1. Oxalidaceae
family 2. Geraniaceae
order 2. Linales
family 1.
family 2. Linaceae
family 3. Ctenolophonaceae
family 4. Ixonanthaceae
family 5. Humiriaceae
family 6. Erythroxylaceae
family 7. Zygophyllaceae
order 3.
family 1. Balsaminaceae
order 4.
family 1. Malpighiaceae
family 2. Trigoniaceae
family 3. Vochysiaceae
family 4. Tremandraceae
family 5. Krameriaceae
order 5. Polygalales
family 1. Polygalaceae
family 2. Xanthophyllaceae
family 3. Emblingiaceae
superorder 7.
order 1. Fabales
family 1. Mimosaceae
family 2. Caesalpiniaceae
family 3. Fabaceae
superorder 8. Rutanae
order 1. Sapindales
family 1. Staphyleaceae
family 2. Tapisciaceae
family 3. Melianthaceae
family 4. Sapindaceae
family 5. Hippocastanaceae
family 6. Aceraceae
family 7. Bretschneideraceae
family 8. Akaniaceae
order 2.
family 1. Tropaeolaceae
order 3.
family 1. Limnanthaceae
order 4. Sabiales
family 1. Sabiaceae
order 5.
family 1. Connaraceae
order 6. Rutales
family 1. Rutaceae
family 2. Rhabdodendraceae
family 3. Cneoraceae
family 4. Simaroubaceae
family 5. Picramniaceae
family 6. Leitneriaceae
family 7. Surianaceae
family 8. Irvingiaceae
family 9. Kirkiaceae
family 10. Ptaeroxylaceae
family 11.
family 12. Meliaceae
family 13. Lepidobotryaceae
order 7.
family 1. Coriariaceae
order 8.
family 1. Burseraceae
family 2. Anacardiaceae
family 3. Podoaceae
superorder 9.
order 1. Rhamnales
family 1. Rhamnaceae
order 2.
family 1. Elaeagnaceae
superorder 10. Proteanae
order 1. Proteales
family 1. Proteaceae
superorder 11.
order 1. Vitales
family 1. Vitaceae
family 2. Leeaceae
superorder 12.
order 1. Rhizophorales
family 1. Anisophylleaceae
family 2. Rhizophoraceae
superorder 13. Myrtanae
order 1. Myrtales
family 1. Combretaceae
family 2. Crypteroniaceae
family 3. Melastomataceae
family 4. Psiloxylaceae
family 5. Heteropyxidaceae
family 6. Myrtaceae
family 7. Alzateaceae
family 8. Rhynchocalycaceae
family 9. Penaeaceae
family 10. Oliniaceae
family 11. Lythraceae
family 12. Trapaceae
family 13. Onagraceae
subclass. 5
superorder 1. Cornanae
order 1.
family 1. Escalloniaceae
family 2. Hydrangeaceae
family 3. Abrophyllaceae
family 4. Argophyllaceae
family 5.
family 6. Alseuosmiaceae
family 7. Carpodetaceae
family 8. Phyllonomaceae
family 9.
family 10. Tribelaceae
family 11. Melanophyllaceae
family 12. Montiniaceae
family 13. Kaliphoraceae
family 14. Eremosynaceae
family 15. Vahliaceae
family 16. Columelliaceae
order 2.
family 1. Roridulaceae
order 3. Garryales
family 1.
family 2. Garryaceae
order 4.
family 1. Desfontainiaceae
order 5.
family 1. Aralidiaceae
order 6. Cornales
family 1.
family 2.
family 3. Nyssaceae
family 4. Curtisiaceae
family 5. Cornaceae
family 6. Alangiaceae
family 7. Griseliniaceae
superorder 2.
order 1. Eucommiales
family 1. Eucommiaceae
superorder 3. Aralianae
order 1.
family 1. Helwingiaceae
family 2. Torricelliaceae
order 2.
family 1. Pittosporaceae
order 3.
family 1. Byblidaceae
order 4. Araliales
family 1. Araliaceae
family 2. Hydrocotylaceae
family 3. Apiaceae
superorder 4.
order 1. Dipsacales
family 1. Viburnaceae
family 2. Sambucaceae
family 3. Adoxaceae
family 4. Caprifoliaceae
family 5. Valerianaceae
family 6. Dipsacaceae
family 7. Morinaceae
subclass 6. Lamiidae
superorder 1. Gentiananae
order 1. Gentianales
family 1. Gelsemiaceae
family 2. Loganiaceae
family 3. Strychnaceae
family 4. Gentianaceae
family 5.
family 6.
family 7. Plocospermataceae
order 2. Rubiales
family 1.
family 2. Rubiaceae
family 3. Carlemanniaceae
order 3.
family 1. Apocynaceae
superorder 2. Solananae
order 1. Solanales
family 1. Solanaceae
family 2.
family 3.
family 4.
family 5. Convolvulaceae
family 6. Cuscutaceae
family 7. Polemoniaceae
family 8. Hydrophyllaceae
family 9. Boraginaceae
family 10. Tetrachondraceae
family 11. Hoplestigmataceae
family 12. Lennoaceae
superorder 3. Loasanae
order 1.
family 1. Loasaceae
superorder 4.
order 1.
family 1. Oleaceae
superorder 5. Lamianae
order 1. Lamiales
family 1. Buddlejaceae
family 2. Stilbaceae
family 3. Bignoniaceae
family 4. Paulowniaceae
family 5. Schlegeliaceae
family 6. Globulariaceae
family 7. Scrophulariaceae
family 8. Veronicaceae
family 9. Orobanchaceae
family 10. Oftiaceae
family 11. Myoporaceae
family 12. Callitrichaceae
family 13. Gesneriaceae
family 14. Plantaginaceae
family 15. Pedaliaceae
family 16. Martyniaceae
family 17.
family 18. Acanthaceae
family 19. Lentibulariaceae
family 20. Verbenaceae
family 21. Phrymaceae
family 22.
family 23. Avicenniaceae
family 24. Lamiaceae
order 2.
family 1. Hydrostachyaceae
order 3.
family 1. Hippuridaceae
subclass 7. Asteridae
superorder
order 1.
family 1. Menyanthaceae
order 2.
family 1. Goodeniaceae
order 3.
family 1. Donatiaceae
family 2. Stylidiaceae
order 4. Campanulales
family 1. Pentaphragmataceae
family 2. Sphenocleaceae
family 3. Campanulaceae
superorder 2. Asteranae
order 1. Calycerales
family 1. Calyceraceae
order 2. Asterales
family 1. Asteraceae References [ ] Bibliography [ ]
Chase, Mark W ; Reveal, James L (2009). "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III" (PDF) . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 122–127. doi :10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x . Retrieved 21 April 2015 .Reveal, J.L. (2 April 2012). "An outline of a classification scheme for extant flowering plants" (PDF) . Phytoneuron (37): 1–221. Retrieved 2 January 2016 .Reveal, James L. (30 April 2011). "Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification". Kew Bulletin . 66 (1): 5–48. doi :10.1007/s12225-011-9259-y . S2CID 44982192 .Thorne, Robert F. ; Reveal, James L. (April 2007). "An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida ("Angiospermae")". The Botanical Review . 73 (2): 67–181. doi :10.1663/0006-8101(2007)73[67:AUCOTC]2.0.CO;2 .Reveal, James L (5 Nov 1997). "Reveal System of Classification" (pbio 250 Lecture Notes) . Plant Systematics . University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 10 January 2016 .Reveal, James L (22 Nov 1998). "Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature: Lists of the Flowering Plant Taxa Accepted by Cronquist, Dahlgren, Reveal, Takhtajan & Thorne" . Plant Systematics . University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 10 January 2016 .Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II (2003), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II" (PDF) , Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 141 (4): 399–436, doi :10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x the original (PDF) on 2010-12-24 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 161 (2): 105–121, doi :10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
External links [ ]
List of systems of plant taxonomy
This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by Lindley in his 1853 edition, and Dahlgren (1982). Examples include the works of Scopoli , Ventenat , Batsch and Grisebach .
Pre-Linnaean
John Ray system (1686–1704)
A discourse on the seeds of plants Methodus plantarum nova De Variis Plantarum Methodis Dissertatio Brevis Methodus plantarum emendata et aucta
Pre-Darwinian
Linnaean system (1735–51)
Systema Naturae Species Plantarum Genera Plantarum Philosophia Botanica Adanson system (1763) Familles naturelles des plantes
De Jussieu system (1789) Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam
De Candolle system (1819–24)
Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux Prodromus systemati naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta Berchtold and Presl O Prirozenosti Rostlin
Agardh system (1825) Classes Plantarum
Gray system (1821) The Natural Arrangement of British Plants
Perleb system (1826) Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs
Dumortier system (1829) Analyse des familles des plantes
Lindley system (1830–45)
An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany The Vegetable Kingdom Don system (1834) General History of Dichlamydious Plants .
Bentham & Hooker system Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita .
Baillon system (1867–94) Histoire des plantes
Post-Darwinian (Phyletic)
Nineteenth century
Eichler system (1875–1886)
Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde Engler system (1886–1924) van Tieghem system (1891) Traité de botanique
Twentieth century
Dalla Torre & Harms Genera Siphonogamarum, ad systema Englerianum conscripta
Warming system (1912) Haandbog i den systematiske botanik
Hallier system (1912) L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes
Bessey system (1915) The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants
Wettstein system (1901–35) Handbuch der systematischen Botanik
Lotsy system (1907–11) Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik .
Hutchinson system (1926–73) The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny
Calestani system (1933) Le origini e la classificazione delle Angiosperme
Kimura system (1956) Système et phylogénie des monocotyledones
Emberger system (1960) Traité de Botanique systématique
Melchior system (1964) Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
Takhtajan system (1966–97)
A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants Flowering plants: origin and dispersal Diversity and classification of flowering plants Cronquist system (1968–81)
The evolution and classification of flowering plants An integrated system of classification of flowering plants Goldberg system (1986–89 Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons
Dahlgren system (1975–85) The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy
Thorne system (1968–2000) An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants
Kubitzki system (1990–) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
Reveal system (1997) Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group System (1998–)
Chase & Reveal System (2009)
A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III
