Timeline of Bamako

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bamako, Mali.

Prior to 20th century[]

16th century - Bambara in power.^[1]
1880 - Mandinka Samory Touré in power (approximate date).^[1]
1883
- 1 February: Town occupied by French forces under command of Gustave Borgnis-Desbordes.^[2]
- Fort built by French.^[3]

20th century[]

Hippo statue, Boulevard de l'indépendance, erected 1990s (photo 2008)

1903 - Fort demolished.^[3]
1904 - Koulikoro-Bamako railway built.^[2]
1906 - Chamber of commerce established.^[4]^[5]
1907 - [fr] (presidential residence) built.^[6]
1908 - 23 May: Capital of French colonial Upper Senegal and Niger relocated to Bamako from Kayes.^[7]
1919 - Bamako becomes a "commune-mixte" (form of administration).^(fr)
1920
- Bamako becomes capital of colonial French Sudan.^[8]
- Population: 16,000 (estimate).^[8]
1921 - Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Bamako active.^[9]
1923 - Dakar-Bamako railroad begins operating.
1924 - [fr] dedicated.^[10]
1927 - Sacred Heart Cathedral built.
1929 - "Submersible causeway to Sotuba" built across the Niger River.^[3]
1933 - Ecole Artisanale du Soudan (art school) established (later Institut National des Arts de Bamako).
1934 - Institut de la Lèpre (medical entity) begins operating.^[2]
1936 - Population: 21,000 (estimate).^[11]
1945 - Population: 36,000 (estimate).^[11]
1946 - Rassemblement Démocratique Africain political party headquartered in city.^[7]
1947 - Dakar–Niger Railway labor strike.^[3]
1948 - Photographer Seydou Keïta in business.^[12]^[13]
1949 - L'Essor newspaper begins publication.^[5]
1953 - Sudanese Museum opens.
1956 - Modibo Keïta elected mayor.^[14]
1958
- Vincent Auriol Bridge built.^[3]
- Photographer Malick Sidibé in business.
- Population: 76,000.^[11]
1960
- City becomes capital of the Republic of Mali.^[3]
- Djoliba AC (football club) formed.
- Stade Modibo Kéïta (stadium) opens.
- Population: 130,00 urban agglomeration.^[15]
1963 - École Normale Supérieure of Bamako opens.
1965
- [fr] founded.
- Population: 168,000.^[11]
1970s - Grand Mosque of Bamako built.
1972 - Population: 225,000 (estimate).^[11]
1974 - Twin city relationship established with Angers, France.
1975 - Sister city relationship established with Rochester, New York, United States.
1976 -
- Population 419,239
1977 - 18 May: Funeral of Modibo Keita.^[2]
1978
- District of Bamako created, consisting of six communes: Commune I, II, III, [fr], V, and [fr], each with its own mayor.^(fr)
- Groupe Bogolan Kasobané (artisan group) formed.^[16]
1980 - March: Saharan states summit held in city.^[2]
1982 - National Museum of Mali active.^[16]
1983 - Office de Radiodiffusion-Télévision du Mali headquartered in city.
1984 - October: Meeting of Economic Community of West African States held in city.^[2]
1987
- "Islamic centre" built.^[7]
- African health ministers meet in city, adopt "Bamako Initiative" for healthcare.
- Population: 658,275 in city.^[17]
1989 - Les Échos newspaper begins publication.^[5]
1990s - Hippopotamus [fr] erected.[1]
1991
- 22 March: Anti-government protest; crackdown.^[18]
- 26 March: 1991 Malian coup d'état occurs.^[18]
1992
- 19 January: [fr] held.
- King Fahd Bridge opens.
1994
- Rencontres africaines de la photographie biennial exhibit begins.^[13]
- BCEAO Tower built.
1995 - Monument de l'Indépendance and Monument to the Martyrs dedicated.^[10]^(fr)
1996
- University of Bamako opens.
- Monument to Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly dedicated.^[10]^[19]^(fr)
1998
- [fr] established.
- Ibrahima N'Diaye becomes district mayor.
- Population: 1,016,167 in city.^[20]
2000
- Fresques murales de Koulouba (monument) built.^[10]^(fr)
- Monument to Kwame Nkrumah dedicated.^[10]^(fr)
- Sister city relationship established with São Paulo, Brazil.

21st century[]

2001
- Kita-Bamako road constructed.^[21]
- Stade du 26 Mars (stadium) opens.
2002
- 2002 African Cup of Nations football contest held in Bamako.
- Monument to Patrice Lumumba dedicated.^[10]^(fr)
2003 - [fr] becomes district mayor.
2005
- Budapest-Bamako car race begins.
- Geekcorps office established.
2007 - [fr] becomes district mayor.
2009
- [fr] headquartered in city.
- Population: 1,810,366 urban agglomeration.^[22]
2011
- [fr], [fr], [fr], [fr] established.^[23]
- [fr] active.
2015 - 20 November: 2015 Bamako hotel attack occurs in Hippodrome.
2016 - 21 March: Attack on headquarters of the European Union military training mission in Bamako.^[24]

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Heath 2010.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pascal James Imperato; Gavin H. Imperato (2008). Historical Dictionary of Mali (4th ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6402-3. (Includes chronology)
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Dulucq 2005.
^ "Chambres de commerce aux colonies et pays de protectorat: Afrique occidental Francaise: Haut-Senegal et Niger", 1er congres des Chambres de commerce francaises (in French), Bordeaux, 1907
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Mali: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. p. 694+. ISBN 1857431839.
^ Hanotaux, Gabriel (1931). Histoire des colonies françaises et de l'expansion de la France dans le monde, Volume 4. Plon. p. 328.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Mali". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. pp. 274–283. ISBN 0203409957.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "France: Africa: French West Africa and the Sahara". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 895–903 – via Internet Archive. Colony of French Sudan
^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Mali". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Arnoldi 2016.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Josef Gugler; William G. Flanagan (1978). "Population of West African Capital Cities, 1920-76". Urbanization and Social Change in West Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-521-29118-7.
^ Lynne Warren, ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Routledge. p. 855. ISBN 978-1-135-20536-2.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Western and Central Sudan, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
^ École normale supérieure de Bamako 1993.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Bernard Gardi, "Mali", Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
^ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Cybriwsky 2013.
^ "Dédicaces à Ouezzin Coulibaly et à Abdoul Karim Camara", L'Essor (in French), Bamako, 1 June 1996
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2005. United Nations Statistics Division.
^ Sweco; Nordic Consulting Group (2003), Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links (PDF), 2: Description of Corridors, African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.
^ "Assemblée nationale: feu vert pour la modification du code du travail et l'éclatement de l'université de Bamako" [National Assembly: green light for the modification of the labor code and the break-up of the University of Bamako], L'Essor (in French), 9 December 2011, archived from the original on 17 July 2012
^ "EU's military mission in Mali attacked by gunmen", Guardian, 21 March 2016

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography[]

in English[]

[no] (2000). "Housing Policy After Political Transition: The Case of Bamako" (PDF). Environment and Urbanization. 12.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Bamako, Mali". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
Sophie Dulucq (2005). "Bamako". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
“Bamako,” New Encyclopedia of Africa 2nd Edition, editors John Middleton and Joseph Miller (Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008)
Elizabeth Heath (2010). "Bamako, Mali". In Kwame Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (eds.). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195337709.
Roman A. Cybriwsky (2013). "Bamako". Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. pp. 30–31. ISBN 978-1-61069-248-9.
Mary Jo Arnoldi (2016). "Locating history in concrete and bronze: civic monuments in Bamako, Mali". In Cher Krause Knight; Harriet F. Senie (eds.). A Companion to Public Art. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-118-47534-8.
Courage Kamusoko (2017). "Bamako Metropolitan Area". In Yuji Murayama; et al. (eds.). Urban Development in Asia and Africa: Geospatial Analysis of Metropolises. Springer. pp. 275–292. ISBN 978-981-10-3241-7.

in French[]

Marie-Louise Villien-Rossi (1963). "Bamako, capitale du Mali". [fr] (in French). 16 – via Persee.fr.
École normale supérieure de Bamako (1993). Bamako. Pays Enclaves (in French). Université de Bordeaux. ISBN 978-2-905081-22-3.
M. Bertrand (1995). "Bamako, d'une république à l'autre". [fr] (in French) (66) – via Persee.fr.
Monique Bertrand (1998). "Marchés fonciers en transition: le cas de Bamako (Mali)". Annales de géographie [fr] (in French). 107 (602): 381. doi:10.3406/geo.1998.20863 – via Persee.fr.
Sébastien Philippe (2009). Une histoire de Bamako (in French). ISBN 978-2-909550-64-0.
Kévin Croix; et al. (2013). "Quelle 'place' pour des pêcheurs urbains? Le cas de Bamako (Mali)" [Which 'place' for urban fishermen? The case of Bamako]. [fr] (in French) (648). doi:10.4000/cybergeo.25977 – via Revues.org.

External links[]

"(Bamako)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
"(Bamako)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
"(Bamako)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
"(Bamako)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
"(Bamako)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
"(Bamako)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
"Bamako, Mali". BlackPast.org. United States.
"Mali: Bamako". ArchNet. Archived from the original on 21 May 2006.

[FOOTNOTEHeath2010-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b Heath 2010.

[Imperato2008-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pascal James Imperato; Gavin H. Imperato (2008). Historical Dictionary of Mali (4th ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6402-3. (Includes chronology)

[FOOTNOTEDulucq2005-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Dulucq 2005.

[4] "Chambres de commerce aux colonies et pays de protectorat: Afrique occidental Francaise: Haut-Senegal et Niger", 1er congres des Chambres de commerce francaises (in French), Bordeaux, 1907

[Europa2004-5] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Mali: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. p. 694+. ISBN 1857431839.

[6] Hanotaux, Gabriel (1931). Histoire des colonies françaises et de l'expansion de la France dans le monde, Volume 4. Plon. p. 328.

[Europa2001-7] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Mali". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. pp. 274–283. ISBN 0203409957.

[Statesman1921-8] Jump up to: ^a ^b "France: Africa: French West Africa and the Sahara". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 895–903 – via Internet Archive. Colony of French Sudan

[katolsk-9] "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Mali". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 7 July 2017.

[FOOTNOTEArnoldi2016-10] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Arnoldi 2016.

[Gugler1978-11] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Josef Gugler; William G. Flanagan (1978). "Population of West African Capital Cities, 1920-76". Urbanization and Social Change in West Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-521-29118-7.

[12] Lynne Warren, ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Routledge. p. 855. ISBN 978-1-135-20536-2.

[MMA-afu11-13] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Western and Central Sudan, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 14 July 2017.

[FOOTNOTEÉcole_normale_supérieure_de_Bamako1993-14] École normale supérieure de Bamako 1993.

[15] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.

[OxfordArt-16] Jump up to: ^a ^b Bernard Gardi, "Mali", Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 7 July 2017.

[17] United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.

[FOOTNOTECybriwsky2013-18] Jump up to: ^a ^b Cybriwsky 2013.

[19] "Dédicaces à Ouezzin Coulibaly et à Abdoul Karim Camara", L'Essor (in French), Bamako, 1 June 1996

[20] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2005. United Nations Statistics Division.

[AFDB2003-21] Sweco; Nordic Consulting Group (2003), Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links (PDF), 2: Description of Corridors, African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

[22] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.

[23] "Assemblée nationale: feu vert pour la modification du code du travail et l'éclatement de l'université de Bamako" [National Assembly: green light for the modification of the labor code and the break-up of the University of Bamako], L'Essor (in French), 9 December 2011, archived from the original on 17 July 2012

[24] "EU's military mission in Mali attacked by gunmen", Guardian, 21 March 2016

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