Timeline of Harare

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Harare, Zimbabwe.

Prior to 20th century[]

1890 – Fort Salisbury founded in Mashonaland by British South Africa Company.^[1]
1891 – Mashonaland Herald and Zambesian Times newspaper begins publication.^[2]
1896 – formed.
1897
- Harare Township built.^[1]
- Salisbury attains municipal status.^[1]
1899 – Beira-Salisbury railway begins operating.^[1]^[3]

20th century[]

1902
- Botswana-Salisbury railway begins operating.^[1]
- Queen Victoria Memorial Library founded.^[4]
1915 – Meikles Hotel in business.
1923 – Town becomes capital of Southern Rhodesia,^[5] a self-governing British colony.
1927 – Salisbury Technical School established.^[1]
1933 – Town House built.^[6]
1936 – Library of the National Archives founded.^[7]
1945 – Railway strike.^[8]
1946
- Reformed Industrial and Commercial Workers Union established.^[9]
- Population: 54,090.^[10]
1948
- General strike.^[9]
- Zimbabwe College of Music established.^[1]
1950 – Gwebe College of Agriculture established.^[1]
1951
- Stock exchange established.
- Population: 90,024.^[10]
1953
- City becomes capital of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
- Helping Hand Club (women's group) formed.^[11]
1955 – University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland and Salisbury City Youth League^[12] established.
1956
- Salisbury Airport commissioned.
- Bus boycott.^[13]
1957 – Rhodes National Gallery opens.^[14]^[15]
1959 – Pearl Assurance House built.
1960 – Central Film Laboratories in business.^[16]
1962
- First International Congress of African Culture held in city.^[15]
- Queen Victoria Memorial Library rebuilt.^[17]
1964 – Greenwood Park established.^[6]
1969 – The Financial Gazette begins publication.
1970 – Chapungu Sculpture Park founded.^[6]
1972
- Zimbabwe National Library and Documentation Service headquartered in city.^[7]
- Construction of New Mabvuku begins.^{[citation needed]}
1973 - Population: 502,000 urban agglomeration.^[18]
1975 – Mabvuku High School opens in Mabvuku.
1977 – 6 August: Bombing.
1978 – Oil storage tanks set on fire by the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army.^[19]

1980s–1990s[]

1980 18 April: City becomes part of independent Republic of Zimbabwe.
1981
- December: Bombing of ZANU-PF headquarters.^[20]
- National Heroes Acre (Zimbabwe) monument built near city.^[21]
1982 18 April: City renamed "Harare."^[22]
1984 – Harare Publishing House established.^[23]
1985 – Karigamombe Centre built.
1986 – September: City hosts Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement.
1990
- Sister city relationship established with Cincinnati, US.^[24]
- ZANU–PF Building is completed
1991 – October: City hosts Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1991; Harare Declaration issued.
1992 - Population: 1,189,103.^[25]
1995 – September: City hosts 1995 All-Africa Games.
1996
- Rainbow City Cinema in business.^[26]
- Eastgate built.^[27]
- Women Filmmakers of Zimbabwe headquartered in city.^[28]
1997 – New Reserve Bank tower built.
1998
- Weaver Press publishing house established
- Economic protest.^[29]
- Zimbabwe International Film Festival begins.
- December: City hosts meeting of World Council of Churches.
1999
- Daily News begins publication.
- Zimbabwe Catholic University established.^{[citation needed]}
- Harare International Festival of the Arts begins.
- Media Monitoring Project headquartered in city.^[30]
2000 – Millennium Towers built.

21st century[]

Aerial view of Harare, circa 2005

2000s[]

2001 – Harare Tribune newspaper begins publication.
2002 – Elias Mudzuri becomes mayor.^[31]^[32]
2003
- Water shortage.^[33]
- Sekesai Makwavarara becomes acting mayor.^[34]
2004 – Harare International Airport terminal built (approximate date).
2005 – Operation Murambatsvina.^[32]
2008
- Emmanuel Chiroto elected mayor, succeeded by Muchadeyi Masunda.^[35]
- Harare Residents Trust organised.^[36]
- Cholera outbreak.
2009
- First Floor Gallery Harare in business.
- Population: 1,513,173.^[37]

2010s[]

2010
- NewsDay begins publication.^[38]
- Zimbabwe Fashion Week begins.^[39]
- Joina City tower built.
2012 - Population: 1,485,231.^[40]
2013 - Bernard Gabriel Manyenyeni becomes mayor.^[41]
2017 - The military of Zimbabwe seize power and place the president under house arrest.

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Mlambo 2003.
^ "Harare (Zimbabwe) Newspapers". WorldCat. US: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
^ "Rhodesia", Encyclopedia Americana, NY: Encyclopedia Americana Corp., 1919
^ Robert Wedgeworth, ed. (1993), "Zimbabwe", World encyclopedia of library and information services, US: American Library Association, ISBN 0838906095
^ Owomoyela 2002.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Sight Seeing in Harare". City of Harare. Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011, ISBN 9783110230710
^ Kenneth P. Vickery (1998). "The Rhodesia Railways African Strike of 1945, Part I: A Narrative Account". Journal of Southern African Studies. 24 (3): 545–560. doi:10.1080/03057079808708589. JSTOR 2637660.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Terence Ranger (1985), Peasant consciousness and guerilla war in Zimbabwe, London: Currey, ISBN 0852550006
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
^ Michael Oliver West (2002). The Rise of an African Middle Class: Colonial Zimbabwe, 1898 – 1965. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253215242.
^ Timothy Scarnecchia (2008), The urban roots of democracy and political violence in Zimbabwe, University of Rochester Press, ISBN 9781580462815
^ Scarnecchia 1996.
^ "History". National Gallery of Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 7 July 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Southern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
^ Katrina Daly Thompson (2013), Zimbabwe's cinematic arts, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ISBN 9780253006462
^ About Us, Harare City Library, retrieved 30 September 2014
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Salisbury
^ Brian Raftopoulos and Alois Mlambo, ed. (2009), Becoming Zimbabwe, Harare: Weaver Press, ISBN 9781779220837
^ Andrew Norman (2004), Robert Mugabe and the betrayal of Zimbabwe, Jefferson, N.C: McFarland Publishers, ISBN 0786416866
^ Historical Buildings, City of Harare, archived from the original on August 2015
^ "Zimbabwe's capital to be renamed Harare". New York Times. 19 April 1982.
^ "Zimbabwe: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 1857431839.
^ "Cincinnati USA Sister City Association". US. Archived from the original on 19 May 2013.
^ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.
^ "Movie Theaters in Harare, Zimbabwe". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
^ ArchNet. "Harare". US: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012.
^ "Women Filmmakers of Zimbabwe". Women's Coalition of Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
^ Alois S. Mlambo (2014). "Timeline". History of Zimbabwe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02170-9.
^ "Organizational Profile". Harare: Media Monitoring Project. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012.
^ "Demise of Herare". Financial Gazette. 13 February 2013.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Jon Lee Anderson (27 October 2008). "Letter from Zimbabwe". New Yorker.
^ Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Harare, Zimbabwe". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
^ Kamete 2006.
^ "His Worship the Mayor". City of Harare. Archived from the original on May 2013.
^ "Profiles: Harare Residents' Trust Board Of Trustees". The Zimbabwean. UK. 29 August 2012. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
^ Karen Fung, African Studies Association (ed.). "Zimbabwe Newspapers and News on the Internet". Africa South of the Sahara. US. Retrieved 15 May 2013 – via Stanford University.
^ "Zimbabwe Fashion Week getting better", The Standard, 8 September 2013
^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
^ "Mayor". City of Harare. Archived from the original on August 2015.

Bibliography[]

Published in 20th century[]

Neil Dewar (1991). "Harare". In Anthony Lemon (ed.). Homes Apart: South Africa's Segregated Cities. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33321-0.
Terri Barnes; Everjoice Win (1992), To live a better life: an oral history of women in the city of Harare, 1930–70, Harare, Zimbabwe: Baobab Books, ISBN 0908311354
Carole Rakodi (1995), Harare: Inheriting a Settler-Colonial City; Change or Continuity?, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 9780471949510
Nelson T. Samburenia (1996). "Emergence of independent African trade unions in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, 1920s to 1950s: Toward mass nationalism?". Kleio. 28.
Timothy Scarnecchia (1996). "Poor Women and Nationalist Politics: Alliances and Fissures in the Formation of a Nationalist Political Movement in Salisbury, Rhodesia, 1950-6". Journal of African History. 37 (2): 283–310. doi:10.1017/S0021853700035234. JSTOR 183187.
Kinuthia Macharia (1997). Social and political dynamics of the informal economy in African cities: Nairobi and Harare. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-0840-4.
Teresa A. Barnes (1999), 'We Women Worked so Hard': Gender, Urbanization and Social Reproduction in Colonial Harare, Zimbabwe, 1930–1956, Heinemann, ISBN 9780325001739
Patrick Bond (1999). "Capital in the city: a history of urban financialflows through colonial Harare". In Brian Raftopoulos and Tsuneo Yoshikuni (ed.). Sites of Struggle. Weaver Press Ltd. ISBN 0797419845.

Published in 21st century[]

Governing the Poor in Harare, Zimbabwe, Sweden: Nordic Africa Institute, 2002 – via International Relations and Security Network
Oyekan Owomoyela (2002). "Introduction: Cities: Harare". Culture and Customs of Zimbabwe. Greenwood. p. 7+. ISBN 978-0-313-31583-1.
Stanley D. Brunn; et al., eds. (2003), "Harare", Cities of the World (3rd ed.), Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 084769898X
Alois Mlambo (2003). "Harare". In Dickson Eyoh and Paul Tiyambe Zeleza (ed.). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
Luc J. A. Mougeot, ed. (2005). "(Harare)". Agropolis: The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions of Urban Agriculture. International Development Research Centre. ISBN 978-1-55250-186-3.
Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Harare". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
Amin Y. Kamete (2006). "The Return of the Jettisoned: ZANU-PF's Crack at 'Re-Urbanising' in Harare". Journal of Southern African Studies. 32 (2): 255–271. doi:10.1080/03057070600656143. JSTOR 25065091.
Terence O. Ranger (2007). "City Versus State in Zimbabwe: Colonial Antecedents of the Current Crisis". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 1 (2): 161–192. doi:10.1080/17531050701452390. (Includes information about Harare)
Innocent Chirisa (28 November 2012), "Social Capital Dynamics in the Post-colonial Harare Urbanscape", in Joseph D. Lewandowski and Gregory W. Streich (ed.), Urban social capital, Burlington, VT: Ashgate (published 2011), p. 199+, ISBN 9781409412243

External links[]

"(Harare)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
"(Harare)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
"(Harare)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
"(Harare)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
"(Harare)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
"(Harare)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
"Harare, Zimbabwe". BlackPast.org. US.

Images[]

International Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, held in Harare in 1986
[sn], 1992

[FOOTNOTEMlambo2003-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Mlambo 2003.

[worldcat-2] "Harare (Zimbabwe) Newspapers". WorldCat. US: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 15 May 2013.

[3] "Rhodesia", Encyclopedia Americana, NY: Encyclopedia Americana Corp., 1919

[ala1993-4] Robert Wedgeworth, ed. (1993), "Zimbabwe", World encyclopedia of library and information services, US: American Library Association, ISBN 0838906095

[FOOTNOTEOwomoyela2002-5] Owomoyela 2002.

[sightseeing-6] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Sight Seeing in Harare". City of Harare. Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.

[saur2011-7] Jump up to: ^a ^b World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011, ISBN 9783110230710

[8] Kenneth P. Vickery (1998). "The Rhodesia Railways African Strike of 1945, Part I: A Narrative Account". Journal of Southern African Studies. 24 (3): 545–560. doi:10.1080/03057079808708589. JSTOR 2637660.

[ranger1985-9] Jump up to: ^a ^b Terence Ranger (1985), Peasant consciousness and guerilla war in Zimbabwe, London: Currey, ISBN 0852550006

[UN1955-10] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.

[11] Michael Oliver West (2002). The Rise of an African Middle Class: Colonial Zimbabwe, 1898 – 1965. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253215242.

[12] Timothy Scarnecchia (2008), The urban roots of democracy and political violence in Zimbabwe, University of Rochester Press, ISBN 9781580462815

[FOOTNOTEScarnecchia1996-13] Scarnecchia 1996.

[14] "History". National Gallery of Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 7 July 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.

[MMA-afo11-15] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Southern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 August 2015.

[16] Katrina Daly Thompson (2013), Zimbabwe's cinematic arts, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ISBN 9780253006462

[17] About Us, Harare City Library, retrieved 30 September 2014

[18] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Salisbury

[19] Brian Raftopoulos and Alois Mlambo, ed. (2009), Becoming Zimbabwe, Harare: Weaver Press, ISBN 9781779220837

[20] Andrew Norman (2004), Robert Mugabe and the betrayal of Zimbabwe, Jefferson, N.C: McFarland Publishers, ISBN 0786416866

[21] Historical Buildings, City of Harare, archived from the original on August 2015

[22] "Zimbabwe's capital to be renamed Harare". New York Times. 19 April 1982.

[europa2004-23] "Zimbabwe: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 1857431839.

[24] "Cincinnati USA Sister City Association". US. Archived from the original on 19 May 2013.

[25] United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.

[26] "Movie Theaters in Harare, Zimbabwe". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 15 May 2013.

[archnet-27] ArchNet. "Harare". US: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012.

[28] "Women Filmmakers of Zimbabwe". Women's Coalition of Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2013.

[Mlambo2014-29] Alois S. Mlambo (2014). "Timeline". History of Zimbabwe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02170-9.

[30] "Organizational Profile". Harare: Media Monitoring Project. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012.

[31] "Demise of Herare". Financial Gazette. 13 February 2013.^{[permanent dead link]}

[anderson2008-32] Jump up to: ^a ^b Jon Lee Anderson (27 October 2008). "Letter from Zimbabwe". New Yorker.

[Appiah2005-33] Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Harare, Zimbabwe". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.

[FOOTNOTEKamete2006-34] Kamete 2006.

[35] "His Worship the Mayor". City of Harare. Archived from the original on May 2013.

[36] "Profiles: Harare Residents' Trust Board Of Trustees". The Zimbabwean. UK. 29 August 2012. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013.

[37] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.

[38] Karen Fung, African Studies Association (ed.). "Zimbabwe Newspapers and News on the Internet". Africa South of the Sahara. US. Retrieved 15 May 2013 – via Stanford University.

[39] "Zimbabwe Fashion Week getting better", The Standard, 8 September 2013

[40] "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

[41] "Mayor". City of Harare. Archived from the original on August 2015.

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show v t Years in Zimbabwe
The Conquests	Pre-1900s 1900s 1910s 1920s
Southern Rhodesia	1923 1924 1930 1934 1935 1936 1945 1946 1947 1948 1959
Rhodesia	1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Zimbabwe	1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

show v t Timelines of cities in Africa
North	Algeria Algiers [fr] Oran Egypt Alexandria Cairo Port Said Libya Benghazi Tripoli Morocco Casablanca Fez Marrakesh Meknes Rabat [fr] Tangier Sudan Khartoum Tunisia Tunis
West	Benin Cotonou Burkina Faso Ouagadougou Cape Verde Praia Ghana Accra Guinea Conakry Guinea-Bissau Bissau Ivory Coast Abidjan Liberia Monrovia Mali Bamako Mauritania Nouakchott Niger Niamey Nigeria Ibadan Kano Lagos Port Harcourt Senegal Dakar Saint-Louis Sierra Leone Freetown Togo Lomé
Central	Cameroon Douala Yaoundé Central African Republic Bangui Congo Republic Brazzaville DR Congo Bukavu Goma Kinshasa Kisangani Lubumbashi Gabon Libreville
East	Burundi Bujumbura Djibouti Djibouti Eritrea Asmara Ethiopia Addis Ababa Kenya Mombasa Nairobi Rwanda Kigali Tanzania Dar es Salaam Zanzibar Uganda Kampala
South	Angola Benguela Luanda Botswana Gaborone Madagascar Antananarivo Malawi Lilongwe Mauritius Port Louis Mozambique Beira Maputo Namibia Windhoek South Africa Cape Town Durban Johannesburg Pietermaritzburg Port Elizabeth Pretoria Zambia Lusaka Zimbabwe Bulawayo Harare
Category:City timelines Lists of cities in Africa

Timeline of Harare

Contents

Prior to 20th century[]

20th century[]

1980s–1990s[]

21st century[]

2000s[]

2010s[]

See also[]

References[]

Bibliography[]

Published in 20th century[]

Published in 21st century[]

External links[]

Images[]