Timeline of Cairo

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cairo, Egypt.

Prior to 19th century[]

Part of a series on the
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Map of Cairo, 1170.

• 1st century BCE – Babylon Fortress built (approximate date).
• 4th–5th centuries CE – Saints Sergius and Bacchus Church (Abu Serga) built.
• 6th century – Church of Saint Menas established.
• 642 – Mosque of Amr ibn al-As built.
• 879 – Mosque of Ibn Tulun built.
• Church of St. George built (approximate date).
• Church of the Virgin Mary (Haret Zuweila) built (approximate date).
• 970
  • Misr al-Qahira settlement founded by Fatimid Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah.^[1]
  • Al-Azhar University established.
• 972 – Al-Azhar Mosque established.
• 978 -The Hanging Church rebuilt (approximate date).
• 979 – Saint Mercurius Church in Coptic Cairo rebuilt (approximate date).
• 992 – Al-Hakim Mosque built.
• 11th century – Church of the Holy Virgin (Babylon El-Darag) built.
• 1016 – Lulua Mosque built.
• 1073 – Saint Barbara Church in Coptic Cairo restored.
• 1085 – Juyushi Mosque built.
• 1092 – City wall and Gates of Cairo built (including Bab Zuweila and Bab al-Nasr).
• 1125 – Aqmar Mosque built.
• 1154 – Al-Hussein Mosque built.
• 1160 – Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque built.
• 1168 – Egypt's capital moved from Fustat to Cairo.
• 1183 – Saladin Citadel built.
• c. 1205 – Bab Moshé (Ibn Maimoun) Synagogue established^[2]
• 1250 – City becomes capital of Mamluk Sultanate.
• 1280 – Qalawun complex built (approximate date).
• 1318 – Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque built.
• 1340 – Mosque of Amir al-Maridani established.
• 1347 – Aqsunqur Mosque built.
• 1349 – Mosque of Shaykhu built.
• 1352 – Amir Taz Palace built.
• 1355 – Khanqah of Shaykhu built.
• 1359 – Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan built.

Map of Cairo, 1572

• 1421 – Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad built.
• 1517
  • January: Battle of Ridaniya occurs near Cairo.^[3]
  • Capture of Cairo by Ottoman forces.
  • City becomes provincial capital during Selim I's rule of Ottoman Empire.
• 1774 – Mosque of Abu Dahab built.
• 1788 – Al Musafir Khana Palace built.
• 1798 – Napoleon arrives.

19th century[]

View of Greater Cairo, drawn by Henry Salt, early 19th century. Image taken from the book The Search for Ancient Egypt (pp. 66–67) by Jean Vercoutter.

• 1801 – June: Siege of Cairo – French surrender to British and Ottoman forces
• 1811 – March: Massacre of the Citadel.^[3]
• 1822 – Arabic printing press in operation.^[4]
• 1827 – Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School established.
• 1828
  • Government al-Waqa'i' al-Masriyya newspaper begins publication.
  • Dar al-Mahfuzat (government archive) established.^[5]
• 1848 – Mosque of Muhammad Ali built.
• 1854 – Khorenian School begins.
• 1856 – Railway station built.
• 1860 – Shepheard's Hotel in operation.
• 1869 – Khedivial Opera House opens.
• 1870 – Egyptian National Library and Archives established.
• 1871– 24 December: Premiere of Verdi's Aida.
• 1874 – Abdeen Palace built.
• 1875 – Al-Ahram newspaper begins publication.^[6]
• 1879 – Collège de la Sainte Famille founded
• 1880 – Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe established.^[4]
• 1882
  • Population: 347,838.^[7]
  • Khedivial Sporting Club founded.
• 1888 – Collège des Frères (Bab al-Louq) opens.
• 1892 – Ben Ezra Synagogue built.^[2]
• 1893 – Le Progrès Egyptien newspaper begins publication.
• 1897 – El Khalig canal filled in.^[8]
• 1899
  • Sha'ar Hashamayim Synagogue built
  • Al-Ahram newspaper headquartered in Cairo.
• 1900 – Ets Hayim Synagogue (Hanan Synagogue) established^[2]

• 

  Cairo – panorama from the Citadel 1895

• 

  Cairo Mosque 1895

• 

  Cairo, soldiers and crowd in front of building, 1895

• 

  Cairo – panorama from the Citadel, 1895

• 

  Cairo, the Citadel, 1895

20th century[]

1900s–1940s[]

Map of Cairo, 1933

• 1902 – Egyptian Museum established.^[8]
• 1905 – Chaar Hachamaim Synagogue established^[2]
• 1906 – Pathé cinema built.^[9]
• 1907 – Al Ahly Sporting Club formed.
• 1908
  • Cairo University and Café Riche opened.
  •  [ar]^[10] and American College for Girls founded.
• 1910
  • Coptic Museum built.
  • Heliopolis Palace Hotel opened.
  • Heliopolis Sporting Club founded.
• 1905 – Shimon Bar Yochai Synagogue established^[2]
• 1911
  • Zamalek Sporting Club formed.
  • Baron Empain Palace built.
• 1912
  • Boulak Bridge and Al-Rifa'i Mosque built.
• 1915
  • Arev and Housaper newspapers begin publication.
• 1919
  • Uprising against British occupation.
  • American University in Cairo established.
• 1921 – Cairo Conference held.^[4]
• 1922
  • Tutankhamun's tomb discovered.
• 1924
  • 19 November: British governor-general Stack of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan assassinated.^[3]
  • "Cairo Edition" of Quran Published
• 1925 – Pahad Itzhak (Kreim) Synagogue established^[2]
• 1929 – Manial Palace built.
• 1932
  • Society Of The Muslim Brothers headquartered in Cairo.
  • Moussa Dar'i Synagogue established^[2]
• 1933 – Qasr al-Nil Bridge built.
• 1934 – St. George's College, Cairo established.
• 1934 – Meir'enaim (Biton) Synagogue established^[2]
• 1937
  • Yacoubian Building constructed.
  • Lycée La Liberté Héliopolis opens
• 1938 – Publication of The Egyptian Gazette moves from Alexandria to Cairo.
• 1940 – Metro Cinema opens.^[11]
• 1942 – Abdeen Palace Incident.
• 1944 – Cairo Forces Parliament meeting.
  • The Arab Women's Congress of 1944 is hosted by the Egyptian Feminist Union in Cairo and the Pan-Arabian Arab Feminist Union is founded.
• 1945
  • Arab League headquartered in Cairo.^[4]
  • Ashkènazim Synagogue restored^[2]
• 1946 – Ali Baba Cinema opens.^[11]
• 1947 – Population: 2,090,654.^[12]
• 1948
  • Tchahagir newspaper begins publication.
  • Rivoli Cinema opens.^[11]
• 1949 – 12 February: Muslim leader Hassan al-Banna assassinated.

1950s–1990s[]

• 1950 – Ain Shams University founded.
• 1952
  • Cairo Fire.
  • The Mogamma built.
  • Ismailia Square renamed Tahrir Square.
  • Egyptian Revolution of 1952
  • Al Akhbar starts publication.
• 1954 – Al Gomhuria newspaper begins publication.
• 1956
  • Cairo International Stadium opens.
  • City master plan created.^[13]
• 1959
  • Cairo Conservatoire opens.
  • Academy of Arts (Egypt) and Cairo Symphony Orchestra founded.
  • Arab Petroleum Congress meets in Cairo.^[14]
• 1961 – Cairo Tower built.
• 1963 – Cairo International Airport opens.^[15]
• 1964 – January: 1964 Arab League summit (Cairo) held.^[3]
• 1965 – Population: 3.3 million.^[16]
• 1966 – Cairo Opera Ballet Company founded.
• 1967 – Bab Moshé (Ibn Maimoun) Synagogue restored.^[2]
• 1968 – Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral built.
• 1969 – Cairo International Book Fair founded.
• 1970
  • January: Israeli forces conduct aerial attacks near Cairo.^[3]
  • September: 1970 Arab League summit held.
  • Greater Cairo Master Plan created.^[13]
• 1972 – January: Student demonstration.^[3][17]
• 1974 – Population: 5,715,000.^[18]
• 1975
  • January: Economic demonstration.^[3]
  • Unknown Soldier Memorial (Egypt) inaugurated.
• 1976
  • 1976 Arab League summit (Cairo).
  • Cairo International Film Festival begins.
  • British International School in Cairo established.
  • Manor House School, Cairo opens.
• 1977 – January: Economic demonstration.^[3]
• 1978 – New Cairo British International School formed.
• 1979
  • Egypt Today magazine begins publication.
  • Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt established.^[19]
  • Sister city relationships established with Frankfurt and Stuttgart, Germany.^[20]
• 1981
  • 6 October: Assassination of Anwar Sadat.^[21]
  • Sadat Academy for Management Sciences opens.
• 1982
  • Saint Fatima School begins.
  • Sister city relationship established with New York City, United States.^[20]
• 1984
  • Master Plan for Greater Cairo approved.^[22]
  • Arab Democratic Nasserist Party founded.
• 1985
  • Child Museum opens.
  • Sister city relationship established with Paris, France.^[20]
• 1986 – February: 1986 Egyptian conscripts riot occurs.^[3]
• 1987 – Cairo Metro Line 1 begins operating.^[23]
• 1988
  • Cairo Opera House opens.
  • Sister city relationship established with Istanbul, Turkey.^[20]
• 1989
  • al-Hirafiyeen neighborhood built.^[24]
  • Sister city relationship established with Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.^[20]
• 1990
  • The American International School in Egypt opens.
  • Sister city relationship established with Beijing, China and Tokyo, Japan.^[20]
• 1991 – Al-Ahram Weekly begins publication.
• 1992
  • Earthquake.
  • Population: 6,800,000 (estimate).^[25]
• 1993
  • Asyut-Cairo highway constructed.^[26]
  • Sister city relationship established with Barcelona, Spain.^[20]
• 1995 – Dreamland development begins near city.
• 1996
  • 6th October Bridge built.
  • Cairo Metro Line 2 (Shoubra AlKheiman- AlMounieb) opened.
• 1997
  • Aldiwan Arabic Language Center opens.
  • Sister city relationship established with Xi'an, China and Seoul, South Korea.^[20]
• 1998 – Sister city relationships established with Houston, United States and Minsk, Belarus.^[20]

21st century[]

2000s[]

• 2001
  • Misr American College established.
  • Cairo 52 arrested.
• 2003 – El Sawy culturewheel built.
• 2004
  • Al-masry Al-youm newspaper begins publication.
  • Canadian International College established.
  • Abdul Azim Wazir becomes governor of Cairo (approximate date).^{[citation needed]}
• 2005
  • April 2005 Cairo terrorist attacks
  • British University in Egypt established.
  • Al-Azhar Park built.
  • El Fagr newspaper begins publication.
• 2006
  • City government website online (approximate date).^{[27][chronology citation needed]}
  • Al-Resalah television begins broadcasting.
• 2007
  • City hosts 11th Pan Arab Games.
  • 57357 Hospital established.
• 2008 – Youm 7 newspaper starts publication.
• 2009
  • 2009 Khan el-Khalili bombing
  • begins.

2010s[]

• 2010 – Population: 7,248,671.^[28]
• 2011
  • 25 January: Uprising against Mubarak regime begins.^[29]
  • April: Abdel Qawi Khalifa becomes governor of Cairo.^{[citation needed]}
• 2012
  • Cairo Metro Line 3 (Imbaba / Mohandiseen – Cairo Int'l Airport) opened.
  • Pope Shenouda III, head of Egyptian Coptic church, died.^[30]
  • Protests against state president Mohamed Morsi.^[31]
• 2013
  • Anti-Morsi protests.^[32]
  • February: The first Iranian president, Ahmadinejad, to visit Egypt since 1979.^[33]
  • April: Violence against Coptic after funeral.^[34]
  • 3 July: 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.
  • 8 July: "Egyptian soldiers fire on Morsi supporters protesting outside a military facility in Cairo, killing over 50."^[35]
  • 14 August: "More than 600 people, mostly Morsi supporters, are killed when police clear two pro-Morsi sit-ins in Cairo."^[35]
  • Air pollution in greater Cairo reaches annual mean of 76 PM2.5 and 179 PM10, much higher than recommended.^[36]
• 2017 – Population: 9,539,673 (urban agglomeration).^[37]

2020s[]

• 2021 – 2021 Cairo clothing factory fire

See also[]

• History of Cairo [fr]
• History of Egypt
•  [fr]
• List of cities by population density
• Timelines of other cities in Egypt: Alexandria, Port Said

References[]

The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may , discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new section, as appropriate. (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

This article incorporates information from the Arabic Wikipedia.

Bibliography[]

The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may , discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new section, as appropriate. (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Published in 18th–19th century[]

• Carsten Niebuhr (1792). "Of the City of Cairo". Travels through Arabia. Translated by Robert Heron. Edinburgh: R. Morison and Son. hdl:2027/hvd.hxj9mv – via HathiTrust.
• C.F. Volney (1807). "De la ville du Kaire". Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie (in French). Paris: Courcier.
• H.A.S. Dearborn (1819), "Grand Cairo", A Memoir on the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, Boston: Wells & Lilly
• Gardner Wilkinson (1847), "Cairo", Hand-book for Travellers in Egypt, J. Murray, OCLC 23931478
• Edward Balfour (1885). "Cairo". Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (3rd ed.). London: B. Quaritch.
• Library, Boston Public (1893), "Egypt: Places and Cities: Cairo", Bulletin of the Public Library of the City of Boston
• Leo Africanus; John Pory (1896), "Cairo", in Robert Brown (ed.), History and Description of Africa, 3, London: Hakluyt Society, OCLC 2649691

Published in 20th century[]

• "Cairo", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
• "Cairo", Egypt: Handbook for Travellers (5th ed.), K. Baedeker, 1902, OCLC 1384290
• Stanley Lane-Poole (1902), The Story of Cairo, London: J.M. Dent & Co., OL 7246281M
• D.S. Margoliouth (1907), Cairo, Jerusalem, and Damascus, London: Chatto & Windus, OL 23283598M
• "Cairo", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Cairo", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
• Mrs. R.L. Devonshire (1917), Rambles in Cairo, Cairo: Sphinx Printing Press, OL 22891093M
• Gaston Wiet (1964), Cairo, city of art and commerce, US: University of Oklahoma Press, OL 5917631M
• Malise Ruthven (1980), Cairo, Great Cities, Time-Life Books, OL 7775805M
• John Flink (1996). "Cairo". In Noelle Watson (ed.). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. p. 154+. ISBN 1884964036.
• André Raymond (2000). Cairo. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00316-0.

Published in 21st century[]

• Julia Elyachar (2003). "Mappings of Power: The State, NGOs, and International Organizations in the Informal Economy of Cairo". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 45 (3): 571–605. JSTOR 3879462.
• "Cairo". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
• Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Cairo, Egypt". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
• Janet L. Abu-Lughod (2004). "Cairo". In Josef Gugler (ed.). World Cities beyond the West: Globalization, Development, and Inequality. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521830036.
• Seif El Rashidi (2004), "Chronology of Cairo", in Stefano Bianca; Philip Jodidio (eds.), Cairo: Revitalising a Historic Metropolis, Turin: Umberto Allemandi & C. for Aga Khan Trust for Culture, pp. 244–245
• Benedicte Florin (2005). "Urban Policies in Cairo: From Speeches on New Cities to the Adjustment Practices of Ordinary City Dwellers". In Abdoumaliq Simone; Abdelghani Abouhani (eds.). Urban Africa: Changing Contours of Survival in the City. London: Zed Books. ISBN 1842775936.
• Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Cairo". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
• Omnia el Shakry (2006), "Cairo as Capital of Socialist Revolution?", in Diane Singerman; Paul Amar (eds.), Cairo Cosmopolitan: Politics, Culture, And Urban Space In The New Globalized Middle East, American Univ in Cairo Press, ISBN 9789774249280
• Clifford Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Cairo". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 9789047423836.
• Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008), "Cairo", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 9781576079201
• Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters, eds. (2009). "Cairo". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
• "Cairo". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. p. 321+. ISBN 9780195309911.
• Gerhard Böwering, ed. (2013). "Cairo". Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-691-13484-0.

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Cairo.

• "(Cairo)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
• ArchNet. "Cairo". Archived from the original on December 2013.
• "(Cairo)" – via Qatar National Library, Qatar Digital Library. (Images, etc.)
• "(Cairo)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
• "(Cairo)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
• "(Cairo)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 14 January 2019. (Bibliography)
• "(Cairo)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
• "(Cairo)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
• "Cairo, Egypt". BlackPast.org. US. 22 February 2011.

Coordinates: 30°3′29″N 31°13′44″E / 30.05806°N 31.22889°E / 30.05806; 31.22889