Timeline of Kraków
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kraków, Poland.
Prior to 20th century[]
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- 1000 - Catholic diocese of Kraków established.[1]
- 1044 - Benedictine Abbey of Tyniec established in Tyniec near Kraków.[2]
- 1142 - Cathedral built (approximate date).[2]
- 1241 - Kraków sacked by Tatars.[3]
- 1257 - The town granted Magdeburg rights, signing of .[3]
- 1306 - Kraków taken by Władysław Łokietek.[3]
- 1313 - Kraków Town Hall built (approximate date).[4]
- 1320 - Kraków becomes Polish capital.[5]
- 1364
- Cracow Academy founded.[6]
- Wawel Cathedral[7] and Collegium Maius built.
- 1390 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[8]
- 1395 - Kraków Cloth Hall built.[7]
- 1397 - St. Mary's Basilica built.
- 1407 - Synagogue built in Kazimierz.[9]
- 1420 - Bellmakers guild established.[2]
- 1491
- Paper mill established in Prądnik Czerwony.[10]
- Printing press in operation.[11]
- 1521 - Sigismund Bell installed in tower of Wawel Cathedral.
- 1566 - built (near St. Florian's Gate).
Kraków in the early 17th century
- 1609 - Polish capital relocated from Kraków to Warsaw by Sigismund III Vasa (approximate date).[3]
- 1610 - Bagel first mentioned.
- 1618 - Church of St. Adalbert rebuilt.
- 1619 - Saints Peter and Paul Church built.[7]
- 1643 - Obergymnasium of St. Anna (school) built on .[7]
- 1655 - Siege of Kraków (1655) by Swedish forces.[3]
Siege of Kraków by Swedish forces, October 1655
- 1702 - City taken by forces of Charles XII of Sweden.[5]
- 1703 - Church of St. Anne, Kraków rebuilt.[2]
- 1768 - City taken by Russian forces.[5]
- 1781 - Theatre opens.[citation needed]
- 1783 - Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University founded.[12]
Kraków in the late 18th century
- 1794
- 24 March: Kościuszko's proclamation against Russian rule occurs in Main Square.[3]
- June: Prussians in power.[5]
- 1795 - City becomes part of Austria.[5]
- 1809 - City becomes part of the Duchy of Warsaw.[3]
- 1810 - Population: 23,612.
- 1815 - Republic of Krakow established per Congress of Vienna.[13]
- 1820 - Most of Kraków Town Hall demolished (except tower).
- 1831 - City occupied by Russian forces.[5]
- 1846
- February: Kraków Uprising against Austrian forces; established.
- November: City becomes part of Austria again; Grand Duchy of Cracow established.[13]
- 1847 - Kraków Główny railway station built.
- 1848 - newspaper begins publication.[14]
- 1850 - 18 July: Kraków fire of 1850.[5]
- 1851 - Population: 41,086.[15]
- 1869 - July: Imprisonment of nun discovered; unrest ensues.[5]
- 1873 - School of Fine Arts and Academy of Learning[16] active.
- 1879 - National Museum, Kraków established.
- 1885 - Park Krakowski established.[17]
- 1890 - Population: 76,025.[18]
- 1893 - Municipal Theatre opens.
- 1898 - Mickiewicz monument installed in Main Square.[7]
20th century[]
- 1905 - Zielony Balonik literary cabaret begins in Jama Michalika on Floriańska Street.
- 1906 - Cracovia and Wisła Kraków football clubs founded.
- 1909 - Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra founded.
- 1910 - Population: 151,781.[19]
- 1916 - (cinema) opens.[citation needed]
- 1917 - Formiści (art group) formed.[20]
- 1918 - City becomes part of Poland.[3]
- 1919 - Wawel Kraków football club founded.
- 1920 - Population: 176,463.[21]
- 1921 - Garbarnia Kraków football club founded.
- 1923 - Cracovia ice hockey team founded.
- 1929 - Kraków Zoo opens.[22]
- 1930 - Wawel Castle museum established.
- 1931
- Kraków Philharmonic hall opens.
- Population: 219,300.
- 1933 - (art group) formed.[23]
- 1939
- 6 September: German forces enter city.
- 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German General Government of occupied Poland.
- 1941 - March: Kraków Ghetto of Jews established by occupying Germans.
- 1945
- January: Russians take city; German occupation ends.[3]
- Historical Museum of Kraków established.
- 1946 - Krakow Polytechnic established.
- 1949
- Gazeta Krakowska newspaper begins publication.
- Development of Nowa Huta area begins.
- 1950
- 1951 - Polish Academy of Sciences' Division of Medicinal Plants established.[12]
- 1954
- Lenin Steelworks begins operating.
- Opera Krakowska founded.
- 1955
- 1959 - Krzysztofory Gallery[23] and Kino Mikro (cinema).[citation needed] open.
- 1961 - Kraków Film Festival begins.
- 1964
- Balice Airport begins operating.
- Karol Wojtyła becomes Catholic archbishop.[25]
- 1965 – Population: 520,145.
- 1967 - (cinema) opens.
- 1973 - Tyniec becomes part of Kraków.
- 1974 - Population: 662,900.[26]
- 1978 - Kraków Old Town designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.[27]
- 1988 - Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków begins.[28]
- 1990 - newspaper begins publication.[14]
- 1993 - Institute for Strategic Studies established.[1]
- 1997 - Cracow Klezmer Band formed.
- 1998 - Andrzej Maria Gołaś becomes mayor.
- 1999 - City becomes part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
- 2000 - City designated a European Capital of Culture.[27]
21st century[]
- 2002 - Jacek Majchrowski becomes mayor.
- 2004 - first Kraków Equality March.
- 2006 - Galeria Krakowska shopping mall in business.
- 2008
- Kraków Fast Tram begins operating.
- International Festival of Independent Cinema Off Plus Camera begins.
- 2009
- (cinema) opens.[citation needed]
- Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, USA.[29]
- 2010
- Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków,[30] Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory museum,[30] and [30] open.
- Paderewski monument erected in .
- 2012 - Population: 758,300.[31]
- 2013 - Air pollution in Krakow reaches annual mean of 37 PM2.5 and 51 PM10, more than recommended.[32]
- 2014
- May: Tauron Arena opens.
- May: Kraków referendum, 2014 held; Kraków bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics withdrawn.
See also[]
- History of Kraków
- Other names of Kraków, e.g. Krakau
- List of mayors of Kraków
- List of churches of Kraków
- Synagogues of Kraków
- List of events in Kraków (currently ongoing)
- List of Polish monarchs, some crowned in Kraków
References[]
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Hourihane 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Lerski 1996.
- ^ Kamil Janicki (2012), Co się stało z krakowskim ratuszem? Ciekawostki turystyczne.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Haydn 1910.
- ^ Britannica 1910.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Baedeker 1911.
- ^ (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ "Kraków". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on March 2015.
- ^ Dard Hunter (1978). "Chronology". Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-23619-3.
- ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Austria-Hungary: Krakau". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Garden Search: Poland". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Cracow", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 460, OL 6112221M
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ^ (1862). "Die europäischen Großmächte: Oesterreich". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
Größere Städte ... in Galizien
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Maria Kocojowa (1994). "Poland". In Wayne A. Wiegand and Donald G. Davis, Jr. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Library History.
- ^ Rostafiński 1891.
- ^ "Austria-Hungary: Austria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550.
- ^ "Austria-Hungary: Austria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368374.
- ^ Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
- ^ "Poland". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Poland". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ Ring 1995.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Hughes 2003.
- ^ Steven Saxonberg & Magdalena Waligórska (2006). "Klezmer in Kraków: Kitsch, or Catharsis for Poles?". Ethnomusicology. 50 (3): 433–451. JSTOR 20174469.
- ^ "San Francisco Sister Cities". USA: City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "36 Hours in Krakow", New York Times, 29 September 2011
- ^ "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland.
Review Tables: Cities
- ^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva
This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.
Bibliography[]
- Published in 18th-19th centuries
- William Coxe (1784), "Cracow", Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, London: T. Cadell, OCLC 654136
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Cracow", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
- John Russell (1828), "Cracow", A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822, Edinburgh: Constable, OCLC 614379840
- David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Cracow". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. 7. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068302770.
- Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Cracow". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064794.
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Cracow". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
- George Henry Townsend (1877), "Cracow", Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., hdl:2027/wu.89097349427
- David Kay (1880), "Principal Towns: Cracow", Austria-Hungary, Foreign Countries and British Colonies, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030647005
- Józef Rostafiński (1891). Przewodnik po Krakowie i okolicy [Guide to Kraków] (in Polish). Kraków.
- Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Cracow", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
- Published in 20th century
- "Cracow", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
- "Cracow". Handbook for Travellers in South Germany and Austria (15th ed.). London: J. Murray. 1903 – via Google Books.
- "Cracow". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York. 1908.
- "Cracow", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Cracow", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- "Cracow". Austria-Hungary (11th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1911.
- (1912), Cracow, the royal capital of ancient Poland, London: T.F. UnwinCS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- K.Z. Sowa (1984). "The development of Kraków in the nineteenth century against the background of the historic role of the city." (in) B. Hamm and B. Jaowiecki (eds.), Urbanism and human values. Bonn: BFLR, pp. 101–128.
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Kraków". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Northern Europe. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 386. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
- George Lerski (1996). "Cracow". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
- Published in 21st century
- Howard Hughes; et al. (2003). "Significance of European 'Capital of Culture' for Tourism and Culture: The Case of Kraków 2000". International Journal of Arts Management. 5 (3): 12–23. JSTOR 41064794.
- Laurențiu Rădvan (2010), "Towns in the Kingdom of Poland: Wroclaw and Krakow", At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities, Translated by Valentin Cîrdei, Leiden: Brill, p. 47+, ISBN 9789004180109
- Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Krakow". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.
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