Tse Tsan-tai

Tse Tsan-tai
謝纘泰
Born	(1872-05-16)May 16, 1872 Grafton, New South Wales, Australia
Died	April 4, 1938(1938-04-04) (aged 65) Hong Kong
Occupation	South China Morning Post founder government servant
Era	Imperial China
Known for	Anti-Qing Revolutionary Author Writer

Tse Tsan-tai (Chinese: 謝纘泰 or 謝贊泰; pinyin: Xiè Zàntài; Sidney Lau: Je⁶ Juen² Taai³; 16 May 1872 – 4 April 1938), courtesy name Sing-on (聖安), art-named Hong-yu (康如), was an Australian Chinese revolutionary, active during the late Qing Dynasty. Tse had an interest in designing airships but none were ever constructed. His book The Chinese Republic: Secret History of the Revolution (中華民國革命秘史), published in 1924 by the South China Morning Post, of which he was co-founder, is an important source of studies on the anti-Qing revolution.

Early life[]

TSE Tsan-Tai ( 謝纘泰 ) - Portrait taken c. 1907

Born in Grafton, New South Wales, to Tse Yat-cheong (謝日昌) who was a Chinese nationalist, Tse Tsan-tai was baptised "James See" on 1 November 1879. In 1887, Tse moved to Hong Kong with his family and he was educated at The Government Central School (now the Queen's College).^[1] Afterwards Tse worked as a secretary in the Public Works Department of the Government of Hong Kong for nearly 10 years.

Interest in airships[]

Tse claimed to have “invented” and designed the world’s first steerable airship in 1894 which he named “CHINA”. After he had perfected his design, in 1899 he wrote to Hiram S Maxim of the then recently merged Vickers & Maxim Company which had also started building airships. He provided drawings and explanations about how his design would enable airships to be steered by propellers and that the balloon, “cigar-shaped”, would be enclosed in an aluminum shell, thus “protecting it from enemy missiles”.^[2]

However, Maxim was obviously not overly impressed , replying politely to Tse that he was already in possession of Tse’s “secrets”. The ‘secrets’ Maxim referred to were, coincidentally, revealed that same year with the launching in Germany of Count Zeppelin’s first giant rigid airship. Zeppelin had been way ahead of Tse, having first started planning these ships as early as 1874 ; he even patented the detailed design details in 1895 long before Tse had even started putting down on paper his “invention”.^[3]

As an anti-Qing dynasty revolutionary[]

The Situation in the Far East (1899)

On March 13, 1892, Tse, together with Yeung Ku-wan and others, started the Furen Literary Society^[4]:47 in Pak Tse Lane, Sheung Wan, with the guiding principle of "Ducit Amor Patriae" (盡心愛�� in Chinese, literally "Love your country with all your heart"). The Furen Literary Society was merged into the Hong Kong Chapter of the Revive China Society in 1895, with Yeung and Sun Yat-sen as the president and secretary of the society respectively. When Yeung and Sun fled overseas after the unsuccessful First Guangzhou Uprising, Tse remained in Hong Kong.

After Yeung was assassinated by Qing agents in 1901, Tse strove for his burial in the Hong Kong Cemetery, albeit with a nameless gravestone.^{[citation needed]} Determined to avenge his friend, Tse, together with his father, his brother, (洪全福) and triads, plotted another uprising in Canton. They called for the establishment of the State of Great Ming Heavenly Kingdom (大明順天國), a democratic state^{[citation needed]} with an elected sage and talent as the president, and persuaded Yung Wing to serve as the provisional president of the state. According to the plan, with financial sponsorship from Li Ki-tong (李紀堂), they would destroy the (萬壽宮) with explosives on 28 January 1903, killing all the officials there, and then occupy the city of Canton. The plot was leaked to the Qing government by a betraying informant.^{[citation needed]}

As a newspaper person, Tse wrote the first declaration of the Revive China Society, with an open letter to the Guangxu Emperor in English.^{[citation needed]} He also published The Situation in the Far East (時局全圖) to warn patriots against the Western powers' ambition to partition China. In November 1903, Tse co-founded the South China Morning Post with Alfred Cunningham.^[5]

After the revolution[]

After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, Tse was not involved in the Republic of China Government. He died on 4 April 1938 and was buried in Hong Kong.

References[]