Viceregal consort of Canada
Viceregal consort of Canada | |
---|---|
Style | His Excellency |
Type | Spouse of the governor general of Canada |
Status | Third in Canadian order of precedence |
Residence | Rideau Hall |
Website | gg.ca |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/VerePonsonby.jpg/220px-VerePonsonby.jpg)
The viceregal consort of Canada is the spouse of the serving governor general of Canada, assisting the viceroy with ceremonial and charitable work, accompanying him or her to official state occasions, and occasionally undertaking philanthropic work of their own. As the host/hostess of the royal and viceroyal residence in Ottawa, the consort, if female, is also known as the chatelaine of Rideau Hall. This individual, who ranks third in the Canadian order of precedence, after the Canadian monarch and the governor general, is addressed as His or Her Excellency while their spouse is in office, and is made ex officio an Extraordinary Companion (French: Compagnon Extraordinaire) of the Order of Canada and a Knight or Dame of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem.[1]
The present viceregal consort is Whit Fraser, the husband of Governor General Mary Simon, who took office on July 26, 2021.
Role[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Alice%2C_HRH_Countess_of_Athlone.jpg)
The position of the viceregal consort carries no official duties and receives no salary. However, consorts have held and do hold a prominent and visible position in the Canadian affairs of state, taking part in official occasions, such as the speech from the throne and Order of Canada investitures, and national celebrations, such as Canada Day events on Parliament Hill, as well as both welcoming foreign dignitaries to Canada and accompanying the governor general on state visits abroad. These practices evolved from the original role as the hostess of the royal and viceroyal residences in Ottawa (Rideau Hall) and Quebec City (La Citadelle), a tradition maintained only by female viceregal consorts, who oversee the planning of ceremonies and functions of state that take place at either of the official residences.[citation needed]
Over the course of the 20th century, it became increasingly common for viceregal consorts to select and pursue on their own initiative various charitable projects.[1] Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, whose husband served as governor general during the Second World War, volunteered her time to the war effort in Canada, especially women's organisations such as the Royal Canadian Air Force Women's Division. The activities chosen are typically apolitical and non-divisive. However, some consorts have stirred controversy through their work; Jean-Daniel Lafond, who promoted Canadian art—film in particular—and involved himself in the Francophone community, made a documentary while viceregal consort that attracted criticism from the National Post that Lafond had shown strong anti-Americanism and had been sympathetic to an admitted assassin.[2][3][4]
Only once has the title of Chatelaine of Rideau Hall been held by someone who was not the spouse of the governor general—as Vincent Massey was a widower, his daughter-in-law, Lilias Massey, held the title and performed the official duties of the chatelaine. Unlike a viceregal consort, however, Lilias Massey was not addressed as Her Excellency.[citation needed]
List of viceregal consorts[]
Viceregal consorts of New France, 1627–1760[]
# | Name | Dates | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Hélène de Champlain (née Boullé)[5] | 1627–1635 | Samuel de Champlain |
None | 1635–1648 | Charles de Montmagny | |
2 | Marie-Barbe d'Ailleboust (née de Boullongne)[6] | 1648–1651 | Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge |
None[n 1] | 1651–1657 | Jean de Lauson | |
None | 1658–1661 | Le vicomte de Mouzay | |
None | 1661–1663 | Le baron d'Avaugour | |
None | 1663–1665 | Augustin de Saffray de Mésy | |
None | 1665–1672 | Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle | |
3 | (née Anne de la Grange-Trianon)[n 2][8] | 1672–1682 | Le comte de Frontenac et de Palluau |
4 | [n 3][9] | 1682–1685 | Joseph-Antoine de La Barre |
5 | (née Catherine Courtin)[10] | 1685–1689 | Le marquis de Denonville |
None | 1689–1698 | Le comte de Frontenac et de Palluau | |
None | 1698–1703 | Louis-Hector de Callière | |
6 | (née Louise-Élisabeth de Joybert)[11] | 1703–1725 | Le marquis de Vaudreuil |
7 | (née Renée Pays)[n 2][12] | 1725–1747 | Le marquis de Beauharnois |
8 | (née Marie-Catherine-Antoinette de Lauson)[n 3][13] | 1747–1749 | Le marquis de La Galissonnière |
9 | (née Marie-Angélique de La Valette)[n 3][14] | 1749–1752 | Le marquis de la Jonquière |
None | 1752–1755 | Le marquis du Quesne | |
None | 1755–1760 | Le marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal |
Viceregal consorts of British North America, 1760–1867[]
# | Name | Dates | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|
10 | (née Dalison)[n 3][15] | 1760–1763 | Sir Jeffrey Amherst |
11 | (née Collier)[n 3][16] | 1764–1768 | James Murray |
12 | (née Howard)[n 3][17] | 1768–1778 | Sir Guy Carleton |
None | 1778–1786 | Sir Frederick Haldimand | |
12 | (previously Lady Maria Carleton)[n 3] | 1786–1796 | The Lord Dorchester |
13 | Unknown | 1796–1799 | Robert Prescott |
14 | (née Bentinck)[18] | 1799–1805 | Sir Robert Shore Milnes |
15 | Lady (née Guichaud)[19] | 1805–1807 | Sir Thomas Dunn |
None | 1807–1811 | Sir James Henry Craig | |
16 | (née Phipps)[20] | 1811–1815 | Sir George Prévost |
17 | Lady Margaret Drummond (née Russell)[n 3][21] | 1815–1816 | Sir Gordon Drummond |
18 | Lady (née Pyndar)[22] | 1816–1818 | Sir John Coape Sherbrooke |
19 | The Duchess of Richmond (née Charlotte Gordon)[23] | 1818–1820 | The Duke of Richmond |
20 | (née Christina Broun)[24] | 1820–1828 | The Earl of Dalhousie |
None | 1828–1830 | Sir James Kempt | |
21 | (née Louisa Anne Call)[25] | 1830–1835 | The Lord Aylmer |
22 | (née Mary Sparrow)[26] | 1835–1837 | The Earl of Gosford |
23 | (née Yonge)[27] | 1837–1838 | Sir John Colborne |
24 | The Countess of Durham (née Louisa Elizabeth Grey)[28] | 1838–1839 | The Earl of Durham |
None | 1839–1941 | The Lord Sydenham | |
25 | (née Wellesley-Pole)[29] | 1842–1843 | Sir Charles Bagot |
None | 1843–1845 | Sir Charles Metcalfe | |
26 | (née Henrietta Mather)[n 3][30] | 1846–1847 | The Earl Cathcart |
27 | The Countess of Elgin and Kincardine (née Mary Lambton)[31] | 1847–1854 | The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine |
28 | (née Yorke)[32] | 1854–1861 | Sir Edmund Walker Head |
29 | (née Elizabeth Louise Mary Monck)[33] | 1861–1867 | The Viscount Monck |
Viceregal consorts of Canada, 1867–present[]
# | Name | Dates | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|
29 | (née Elizabeth Louise Mary Monck) | 1867–1869 | The Viscount Monck |
30 | (née Adelaide Annabella Tuite Dalton)[34] | 1869–1872 | The Lord Lisgar |
31 | The Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava (née Hariot Georgina Rowan-Hamilton) | 1872–1878 | The Marquess of Dufferin and Ava |
32 | Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne (née The Princess Louise) | 1878–1883 | Marquess of Lorne |
33 | The Marchioness of Lansdowne (née Lady Maud Evelyn Hamilton) | 1883–1888 | The Marquess of Lansdowne |
34 | (née Lady Constance Villiers)[35] | 1888–1893 | The Earl of Derby |
35 | The Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair (née Ishbel Maria Marjoribanks) | 1893–1898 | The Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair |
36 | (née Mary Caroline Grey)[36] | 1898–1904 | The Earl of Minto |
37 | The Countess Grey (née Alice Holford)[37] | 1904–1911 | The Earl Grey |
38 | The Duchess of Connaught and Strathearn (née Princess Luise Margarete of Prussia) | 1911–1916 | The Duke of Connaught and Strathearn |
39 | The Duchess of Devonshire (née Lady Evelyn Emily Mary FitzMaurice) | 1916–1921 | The Duke of Devonshire |
40 | The Lady Byng of Vimy (née Marie Evelyn Moreton) | 1921–1926 | The Lord Byng of Vimy |
41 | The Marchioness of Willingdon (née Marie Adelaide Brassey) | 1926–1931 | The Marquess of Willingdon |
42 | The Countess of Bessborough (née Roberte de Neuflize) | 1931–1935 | The Earl of Bessborough |
43 | The Lady Tweedsmuir (née Susan Charlotte Grosvenor) | 1935–1940 | The Lord Tweedsmuir |
44 | Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (née Princess Alice of Albany) | 1940–1946 | The Earl of Athlone |
45 | The Viscountess Alexander of Tunis (née Margaret Bingham) | 1946–1952 | The Viscount Alexander of Tunis |
None (acting châtelaine: Lilias Massey)[n 4] | 1952–1959 | Vincent Massey | |
46 | Pauline Vanier (née Archer) | 1959–1967 | Georges Vanier |
47 | Norah Michener (née Willis) | 1967–1974 | Roland Michener |
48 | Gabrielle Léger (née Carmel) | 1974–1979 | Jules Léger |
49 | Lily Schreyer (née Schulz) | 1979–1984 | Edward Schreyer |
50 | Maurice Sauvé | 1984–1990 | Jeanne Sauvé |
51 | Karen Gerda Nygaard Hnatyshyn (née Andreasen) | 1990–1995 | Ramon John Hnatyshyn |
52 | Diana Fowler LeBlanc | 1995–1999 | Roméo LeBlanc |
53 | John Ralston Saul | 1999–2005 | Adrienne Clarkson |
54 | Jean-Daniel Lafond | 2005–2010 | Michaëlle Jean |
55 | Sharon Johnston | 2010–2017 | David Lloyd Johnston |
None [n 5] | 2017–2021 | Julie Payette | |
56 | Whit Fraser | 2021–present | Mary Simon |
Canadian institutions established by viceregal consorts[]
- Lady Stanley Institute for Trained Nurses – The Countess of Derby
- Ottawa Maternity Hospital – The Marchioness of Aberdeen
- Victorian Order of Nurses – The Marchioness of Aberdeen[38]
- Lady Minto Hospital –
See also[]
- List of royal consorts of Canada
- King consort
- Queen consort
Notes[]
- ^ Lauson's wife, (née Gaudar), died in France prior to the former's appointment as governor.[7]
- ^ a b The couple was separated during the governor's tenure.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i The governor's wife did not accompany him.
- ^ Massey's wife, Alice Massey (née Parkin), died prior to the former's appointment as governor general; his daughter-in-law, Lilias Massey, acted as Chatelaine of Rideau Hall.
- ^ Payette was divorced and had not remarried.
References[]
- ^ a b Office of the Governor General of Canada. "Role and Responsibilities > The Governor General and her spouse > Jean-Daniel Lafond > Role". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
- ^ "Fugitive:The Truth About Hassan". InformAction. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
- ^ "Lafond's new film hits hot buttons". CBC. 26 April 2006. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
- ^ Burrows, Michael (2 May 2006), "Airbrushing a killer", National Post, archived from the original on 10 December 2009, retrieved 10 January 2010
- ^ Chabot, O.S.U., Marie-Emmanuel (1979) [1966]. "Boullé, Hélène". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Daveluy, Marie-Claire (1979) [1966]. "Ailleboust de Coulogne et d'Argentenay, Louis d'". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Monet, J. (1979) [1966]. "Lauson, Jean de, (d. 1666)". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Eccles, W.J. (1979) [1966]. "Baude de Frontenac et de Palluau, Louis de". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ La Roque de Roquebrune, R. (1979) [1966]. "Le Febvre de la Barre, Joseph-Antoine". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Eccles, W.J. (1979) [1969]. "Brisay de Denonville, Jacques-René de, Marquis de Denonville". In Hayne, David (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. II (1701–1740) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Zoltvany, Yves F. (1979) [1969]. "Rigaud de Vaudreuil, Philippe de, Marquis de Vaudreuil". In Hayne, David (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. II (1701–1740) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Standen, S. Dale (1974). "Beauharnois de la Boische, Charles de, Marquis de Beauharnois". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Taillemite, Étienne (1974). "Barrin de La Galissonnière, Roland-Michel, Marquis de La Galissonnière". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Taillemite, Étienne (1974). "Taffanel de ls Jonquière, Jacqhes-Pierre de, Marquis de la Jonquière". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Stacey, C.P. (1979). "Amherst, Jeffert, 1st Baron Amherst". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Browne, G.P. (1979). "Murray, James". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Browne, G.P. (1983). "Carleton, Guy, 1st Baron Dorchester". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. V (1801–1820) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Wallot, Jean-Pierre (1988). "Milnes, Sir Robert Shore". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VII (1836–1850) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Tousignant, Pierre; Wallot, Jean-Pierre (1983). "Dunn, Thomas". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. V (1801–1820) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Burroughs, Peter (1983). "Prevost, Sir George". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. V (1801–1820) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Stickney, Kenneth (1985). "Drummond, Sir Gordon". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VIII (1851–1860) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Burroughs, Peter (1987). "Sherbrooke, Sir John Coape". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VI (1821–1835) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Stanley, George F.G. (1983). "Lennox, Charles, 4th Duke of Richmond and Lennox". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. V (1801–1820) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Burroughs, Peter (1988). "Ramsay, George, 9th Earl of Dalhousie". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VII (1836–1850) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Buckner, Phillip (1988). "Whitworth-Aylmer, Matthew, 5th Baron Aylmer". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VII (1836–1850) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Buckner, Phillip (1988). "Acheson, Archibald, 2nd Earl of Gosford". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VII (1836–1850) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Bélanger, Claude. "Sir John Colborne". Marianapolis College. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
- ^ Ouellet, Fernand (1988). "Lambton, John George, 1st Earl of Durham". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VII (1836–1850) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Monet, Jacques (1988). "Bagot, Sir Charles". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VII (1836–1850) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Cooke, O.A.; Hillmer, Norman (1985). "Cathcart, Charles Murray, 2nd Earl Cathcart". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VIII (1851–1860) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Morton, W.L. (1976). "Bruce, James, 8th Earl of Elgin and 12th Earl of Kincardine". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. IX (1861–1870) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Gibson, James A. (1976). "Head, Sir Edmund Walker". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. IX (1861–1870) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Monet, Jacques (1990). "Monck, Charles Stanley, 4th Viscount Monck". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Ward, C.P. (2000), "Young, Sir John [Baron Lisgar] (1807–1876)", in Australian National University (ed.), Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 6, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, retrieved 12 September 2010
- ^ Waite, P.B. (1994). "Stanley, Frederick Arthur, 1st Baron Stanley and 16th Earl of Derby". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIII (1901–1910) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Miller, Carman (1998). "Elliot, Gilbert John Murray-Kynynmound, Viscount Melgund and 4th Earl of Minto". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Miller, Carman (1998). "Grey, Albert Henry George, 4th Earl Grey". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Unless noted otherwise, source for information in this section is found in: Hubbard, R.H.; Rideau Hall; McGill-Queen’s University Press; Montreal and London; 1977
- Canadian viceregal consorts
- Lists of Canadian people
- Lists of spouses of national leaders