Mary Simon
Mary Simon | |
---|---|
| |
![]() Simon in 2021 | |
30th Governor General of Canada | |
Assumed office July 26, 2021 | |
Monarch | Elizabeth II |
Prime Minister | Justin Trudeau |
Preceded by | Julie Payette |
President of the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami | |
In office 2006–2012 | |
Preceded by | Jose Kusugak |
Succeeded by | |
Ambassador of Canada to Denmark | |
In office 1999–2001 | |
Prime Minister | Jean Chrétien |
Preceded by | Brian Baker |
Succeeded by | Alfonso Gagliano |
Canadian Ambassador for Circumpolar Affairs | |
In office October 31, 1994 – January 19, 2004 | |
Prime Minister | Jean Chrétien |
Preceded by | Position created |
Succeeded by | Jack Anawak |
Chair of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference | |
In office 1986–1992 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Mary Jeannie May August 21, 1947 Kangiqsualujjuaq, Quebec, Canada |
Spouse(s) | Robert Otis (m. 1967)George Simon |
Children | 3 |
Relatives | Johnny May (brother) |
Education | Kuujjuaq Federal Day School Fort Carson High School |
Occupation |
|
Mary Jeannie May Simon CC CMM COM OQ CD (Inuktitut: Ningiukudluk;[a] born August 21, 1947) is a Canadian former broadcaster, civil servant and diplomat who has served as the 30th governor general of Canada since 2021.
Simon was born in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik, Quebec. She briefly worked as a producer and announcer for the CBC Northern Service in the 1970s before subsequently entering public service, serving on the board of the Northern Quebec Inuit Association and playing a key role in the Charlottetown Accord negotiations. Simon was Canada's first ambassador for circumpolar affairs from 1994 to 2004, as well as a lead negotiator for the creation of the Arctic Council.[2] She also served as the Canadian ambassador to Denmark from 1999 to 2002. On July 6, 2021, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that Queen Elizabeth II approved the appointment of Simon as the next governor general of Canada.[3]
Early life and education[]
She was born Mary Jeannie May[4] on August 21, 1947,[5] in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Quebec,[6] to Bob May, who was from Manitoba and of English descent,[7] and his wife Nancy, an Inuk.[8][9] Her father had relocated to the north in his youth[10] and became manager of the local Hudson's Bay Company store during the early 1950s.[9][11] He says he was the first white employee to marry an Inuk, which was banned at the time.[12]
Simon was raised in a traditional Inuit lifestyle, including hunting, fishing, sewing Inuit clothing, and travelling by dog sled.[4][13] She credits her mother and maternal grandmother Jeannie Angnatuk for passing on Inuit oral history to her.[4][8]
Simon attended Kuujjuaq Federal Day School in Kuujjuaq (formerly Fort Chimo),[14] then Fort Carson High School in Colorado, and completed her high school via correspondence in Kuujjuaq.[citation needed]
Career[]
![]() | This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: needs to be re-organized and expanded. (July 2021) |
Early career[]
Simon taught Inuktitut at McGill University.[15] From 1969 to 1973, she worked as a producer and announcer for the CBC Northern Service.[16]
Simon began her career as a public servant by being elected secretary of the board of directors of the Northern Quebec Inuit Association. In 1978, she was elected as vice-president, and later president, of the Makivik Corporation. She held the position until 1985.
During this period she also became involved with Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Canada's national Inuit organization.[17] Simon was one of the senior Inuit negotiators during the repatriation of the Canadian Constitution, the First Ministers' conferences that took place from 1982 to 1992, as well as the 1992 Charlottetown Accord discussions.
She served as a member of the Nunavut Implementation Commission and as Co-Director (Policy) and Secretary to the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples.[17]
Diplomatic career[]
She took on a variety of roles for the Inuit Circumpolar Conference (ICC). First as an Executive Council member from 1980 to 1983, as president from 1986 to 1992, and then as Special Envoy from 1992 to 1994.[17] During this period she assisted in obtaining approval from the Russian government to allow the Inuit of the Chukotka Peninsula to participate in ICC. In 1986, as president of the ICC, Simon led a delegation of Canadian, Alaskan, and Greenland Inuit to Moscow and then to Chukotka to meet with Russian officials as well as the Inuit of the far east of Russia. In 1987 the ICC was successful in efforts that resulted in the Russian government allowing Russian Inuit to attend the 1989 ICC General Assembly held in Alaska.
Ambassadorship[]
In 1994, Simon was appointed by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien to be Canadian Ambassador for Circumpolar Affairs,[18] a newly-created position she held until early 2004.[19] Acting on instructions from the Government of Canada she took the lead role in negotiating the creation of an eight-country council known today as the Arctic Council. The 1996 Ottawa Declaration formally established the Arctic Council which includes the active participation of the indigenous peoples of the circumpolar world. During her chairmanship of the Arctic Council, and later as Canada's Senior Arctic Official, she worked closely with the Indigenous Permanent Participants of the Arctic Council, and the seven other Arctic Countries it comprises.
During this time period, she also held the position of Canadian Ambassador to Denmark[20] (1999–2002),[21] was a member of the Joint Public Advisory Committee of the Commission on Environmental Cooperation (1997–2000) and held the chairperson position for the commission from 1997 to 1998, and was appointed Councillor for the International Council for Conflict Resolution with the Carter Center in 2001.
Post-diplomatic work[]
From November 2004 to February 2005, she assisted with the facilitation and write-up of reports on the "Sectoral Follow-up Sessions" announced by Prime Minister Paul Martin following the April 19, 2004 Canada-Aboriginal Peoples Roundtable on Strengthening the Relationship on Health, Life Long learning, Housing, Economic Opportunities, Negotiations, and Accountability for Results.[citation needed] From June 2004 to June 2007, Simon was a board member at the International Institute for Sustainable Development.[22][23]
From 2004 to 2005, Simon was special advisor to the Labrador Inuit Association on the Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement, and she was elected president of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami on July 7, 2006.[24]
Governor General of Canada[]
Nomination[]
In 2010, Simon was on the shortlist for Governor General of Canada. David Johnston was ultimately appointed.[25]
The federal government began a search for a permanent replacement for Governor General Julie Payette following her resignation in early 2021. Simon was reported as a leading contender for the post early on, given her Indigenous heritage and then-political consciousness on Indigenous reconciliation. On July 6, 2021 Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that Queen Elizabeth II had approved Simon's appointment as the 30th Governor General of Canada.[26] She received a customary audience with the Queen on July 22, though held virtually (instead of in-person) due to the coronavirus pandemic, where she was vested with special appointments as Chancellor of the Order of Canada, the Order of Military Merit, the Order of Merit of the Police Forces and the Order of St. John (within Canada). She also received the Canadian Forces' Decoration. She was formally installed at the Senate of Canada Building on July 26.[27]
Simon's appointment was somewhat unusual in that, while bilingual, she speaks English and Inuktitut, but is not particularly proficient in French. This raised some complaints from francophones in Canada.[28][29]
In office[]
On August 15, 2021, Simon approved the request of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to dissolve Parliament and signed a writ of election for September 20.[30]
Personal life[]
Simon is the second-oldest of eight children.[9] Her brother, Johnny May, is a locally renowned bush pilot.[14] In her youth, Simon attended an Anglican church with her family.[10] At age 40, she developed depression and burnout due to a mental illness, but gradually overcame them.[12]
Simon married her first husband, Robert Otis, on March 27, 1967, in Kuujjuaq.[31] She later married George Simon,[10] and in 1994 she married her current husband, journalist and author Whit Fraser, a former head of the Canadian Polar Commission.[32][33] She has two sons and one daughter.[10] Simon speaks English and Inuktitut, and she has committed to learning French during her tenure as governor general.[34]
Honours[]
Simon's personal awards and decorations include:
Simon has received the following honours and recognition:
Honour | Date | Citation |
---|---|---|
Extraordinary Companion of the Order of Canada | July 22, 2021 | |
Extraordinary Companion of the Order of Military Merit | July 22, 2021 | |
Companion of the Order of Police Merit | July 22, 2021 | |
Dame of Justice of The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (Prior of the Order in Canada) | July 22, 2021 | [35] |
Officer of the Order of Canada | November 17, 2005 | [36] |
Officer of the National Order of Quebec | January 21, 1992 | [37] |
Member of the Order of Canada | April 29, 1992 | [38] |
Greenland Medal for Meritorious Service (Gold) | July 24, 1992 | [39] |
National Aboriginal Achievement Award | 1996 | [40] |
Gold Medal of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society | 1998 | [41] |
125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal | 1992 | [35] |
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (Canadian Version) | February 6, 2002 | [42] |
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal (Canadian Version) | February 6, 2012 | [43] |
Symons Medal of the Confederation Centre of the Arts | November 3, 2009 | [44] |
Honorary degrees[]
University | Degree | Date | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
McGill University | Doctor of Laws | June 5, 1992 | [41][45] |
Queen's University | Doctor of Laws | October 28, 1994 | [46][47] |
Trent University | Doctor of Laws | June 2, 2005 | [48][49][50] |
Memorial University | Doctor of Laws | May 2008 | [51][52] |
University of Guelph | Doctor of Laws | February 2009 | [53][54] |
Carleton University | Doctor of Laws | June 7, 2011 | [55][56] |
University of Alberta | Doctor of Laws | June 12, 2012 | [57][58] |
Mount Saint Vincent University | Doctor of Humane Letters | 2013 | [59][60] |
University of British Columbia | Doctor of Laws | May 26, 2016 | [61][62] |
University of Victoria | Doctor of Laws | June 2016 | [63][64] |
University of Calgary | Doctor of Laws | June 7, 2017 | [65][66] |
University of Western Ontario | Doctor of Laws | June 19, 2017 | [67][68] |
Honorary academic positions[]
- Mary Simon was the Chancellor of Trent University (1995–1999, 2002).[69][70]
Current positions and memberships[]
Simon is a fellow of the Arctic Institute of North America and of the Royal Canadian Geographic Society.[70]
Other positions currently held by her include:
- Advisor to the European Space Agency (Arctic Monitoring Program)
- Chairperson, Arctic Children and Youth Foundation
- Board Member, Indspire
- Member of the Board of Governors, University of the Arctic
- Council Member, Crossing Boundaries National Council
- Member of Advisory Circle, Walter and Duncan Gordon Charitable Foundation[71]
- Council Member, The National Police Services Advisory Council
Published works[]
Simon is the author of many works regarding the environment, education, language, and Inuit culture:[72]
Books
- Simon, Mary May (1996). Inuit: One Future – One Arctic. Peterborough, Ontario: Cider Press. ISBN 1-896851-12-6.
Book contributions
- Simon, Mary (1989). "Security, Peace and the Native Peoples of the Arctic". The Arctic: Choices for Peace and Security. West Vancouver, British Columbia: Gordon Soules Book Publishers. pp. 31–36. ISBN 0-919574-82-3.
- Simon, Mary (1992). "Militarization and the Aboriginal Peoples". In Griffiths, Franklyn (ed.). Arctic Alternatives: Civility or Militarism in the Circumpolar North. Toronto, Ontario: Science for Peace. pp. 55–67. ISBN 0-88866-951-8.
- Simon, Mary May (1999). "The Arctic and the Antarctic: Heritage of Humanity". In Lewkowicz, Antoni G. (ed.). Poles Apart: A Study in Contrasts. Ottawa, Ontario: University of Ottawa Press. pp. 3–8. ISBN 0-7766-0497-X.
- Simon, Mary (2009). "Climate Change, Sovereignty and Partnership with the Inuit". In Abele, Frances; Courchene, Thomas J.; Seidle, F. Leslie; St-Hilaire, France (eds.). Northern Exposure: Peoples, Powers and Prospects in Canada's North. Montreal, Quebec: Institute for Research on Public Policy. pp. 523–528. ISBN 978-0-88645-205-6.
Reports
- Simon, Mary (2017). A New Shared Arctic Leadership Model (PDF). Gatineau, Quebec: Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. ISBN 978-0-660-09492-2. JSTOR community.27989915.
Articles
- Simon, Mary (1985). "The Role of Inuit in International Affairs". Études Inuit Studies. 9 (2): 33–38. JSTOR 42869520.
- Simon, Mary (July 6, 1987). "Striking Paranoma in a North of Harmony and Bitterness". Ottawa Citizen. p. A9. ProQuest 239048291.
- Simon, Mary (1989). "Toward an Arctic Zone of Peace: An Inuit Perspective". Peace Research. 21 (4): 27–30, 71. JSTOR 23609829.
- Simon, Mary (1991). "IUCN and Indigenous Peoples: A New Partnership". Canadian Biodiversity. 1 (3): 2–4. ProQuest 1012155001.
- Simon, Mary (1992). "Environment, Sustainable Development and Self-Government". Études Inuit Studies. 16 (1–2): 33–38. JSTOR 42869727.
- Simon, Mary (1997). "Building Partnerships: Perspectives from the Arctic". Behind the Headlines. Vol. 54 no. 3. pp. 10–15. Gale A30334794 ProQuest 204577796.
- Simon, Mary (1998). "Children and Youth of the Arctic: A Critical Challenge of Sustainable Development". Northern Review (18): 70–78. Gale A30484038.
- Simon, Mary (2000). "From Kangiqsualujjuaq to Copenhagen: A Personal Journey". Northern Review (22): 17–21. Gale A30007927.
- Simon, Mary (2000). "Canada's Renewed Commitment to Northern Issues Through Policy Development and Partnership-Building". Northern Review (22): 115–119. Gale A30008294.
- Simon, Mary (2002). "The Arctic Council: Tackling Sustainable Development in the Circumpolar Region". Biodiversity. 3 (3): 13. doi:10.1080/14888386.2002.9712589. S2CID 128822118.
- Simon, Mary May (June 2004). "Minority Government and Climate Change Action" (PDF). International Institute for Sustainable Development.
- Simon, Mary (October 1, 2006). "Our Children and Youth" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 101. pp. 50–53.
- Simon, Mary; Smith, Duane (November 6, 2006). "Inuit, climate change and northern development". The Hill Times.
- Simon, Mary (January 1, 2007). "Planting Dreams" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 102. pp. 52–55.
- Simon, Mary (February 16, 2007). "Planting Dreams Where We Are Told All Hope Is Gone ..." Nunatsiaq News.
- Simon, Mary (April 10, 2007). "Canada's Inuit Stand By East Coast Sealers". The Globe and Mail.
- Simon, Mary (April 16, 2007). "Polar Bear as Poster Animal". National Post. p. A14. ProQuest 330634800.
- Simon, Mary (July 1, 2007). "The Eyes of the World Are on the Arctic" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 103. pp. 62–65.
- Simon, Mary (July 1, 2007). "Stepping Forward" (PDF). Windspeaker. p. 5.
- Simon, Mary (July 26, 2007). "Inuit: The Bedrock of Arctic Sovereignty". The Globe and Mail.
- Simon, Mary (August 27, 2007). "Overcrowded Housing in Nunavut Has Created One of the Highest Rates of Hospital Admissions in the World". The Hill Times.
- Simon, Mary (November 12, 2007). "Sovereignty from the North". The Walrus.
- Simon, Mary (November 28, 2007). ""Inuit Have Our Pens Out"". The Globe and Mail. p. A22. Gale A171847601 ProQuest 383395061.
- Simon, Mary (January 1, 2008). "Delivering an Inuit Message to Canadians" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 104. pp. 68–69.
- Simon, Mary (March 26, 2008). "In the Arctic, You Can't Go Back to the Future". The Globe and Mail.
- Simon, Mary (May 17, 2008). "Polar Bear Politics Hurt Inuit". The Globe and Mail.
- Simon, Mary (October 1, 2008). "The Zen of Blueberry Picking!" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 105. pp. 64–67.
- Simon, Mary (October 14, 2008). "Maybe This Parliament Will Get it Right; Let's See Our Freshly Elected Members Finally Take Action on Aboriginal Issues That Will Make a Difference for Native Peoples". Ottawa Citizen. p. A15. ProQuest 241206921.
- Simon, Mary (2009). "Inuit and the Canadian Arctic: Sovereignty Begins at Home". Journal of Canadian Studies. 43 (2): 250–260. doi:10.3138/jcs.43.2.250. S2CID 142761049. ProQuest 203561682.
- Simon, Mary (January 1, 2009). "Will The Winds of Change Blow North?" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 106. pp. 60–63.
- Simon, Mary (February 13, 2009). "Assimilation Is No Solution". National Post. p. A17. ProQuest 330851699.
- Simon, Mary (March 11, 2009). "Inuit on Sealing: We Want Your Mind, Not Your Money". The Globe and Mail.
- Simon, Mary (March 18, 2009). "EU's Inuit Seal Ban Exemption About Salving Consciences". Embassy. Archived from the original on April 2, 2009.
- Simon, Mary (May 13, 2009). "EU Arctic Bid Off to Poor Start". Embassy.
- Simon, Mary (July 2, 2009). "Inuit Need Representation in the Senate". Nunatsiaq News.
- Simon, Mary (July 3, 2009). "Equal Health Care for All Canadian Children". The Globe and Mail.
- Simon, Mary (July 10, 2009). "Canada's Shameful Inaction on Climate Change". Toronto Star.
- Simon, Mary (August 20, 2009). "Northern Strategy Needs Spirit of Inuit Consensus Building". Nunatsiaq News.
- Simon, Mary (October 1, 2009). "Inuit Nunangat" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 107. pp. 48–51.
- Simon, Mary (June 1, 2010). "Olympic Spirits ..." (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 108. pp. 60–63.
- Simon, Mary (November 1, 2010). "Inuit Not Interested in Being People in the Middle of a New Cold War". The Hill Times.
- Simon, Mary (December 1, 2010). "Celebrating Bill Edmunds" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 109. pp. 56–58.
- Simon, Mary (2011). "Canadian Inuit: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going". International Journal. 66 (4): 879–891. doi:10.1177/002070201106600415. JSTOR 23104399. S2CID 147476061. Gale A279137184.
- Simon, Mary (April 6, 2011). "For the Next Generation of Inuit, Hope Lies in Education". The Globe and Mail.
- Simon, Mary (May 1, 2011). "Addressing the Education Deficit" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 110. pp. 50–54.
- Simon, Mary (October 31, 2011). "Inuit History Is Canadian History". The Hill Times (1112). p. 18.
- Simon, Mary (December 1, 2011). "The Next 40 Years" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 111. pp. 96–103.
- Simon, Mary (May 1, 2012). "Walking Our Children to School" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 112. pp. 60–69.
- Simon, Mary (August 1, 2012). "How Do Canada and Inuit Get to Win-Win in the Arctic?". Policy Options.
- Axworthy, Lloyd; Simon, Mary (March 4, 2015). "Is Canada Undermining the Arctic Council?". The Globe and Mail.
- Glithero, Lisa; Waterfall, Pauline; Simon, Mary; Watson-Wright, Wendy (January 2020). "The Heart of Our Biosphere: Exploring Our Civic Relationship with the Ocean in Canada" (PDF). IdeaLab. Canadian Commission for UNESCO.
Notes[]
References[]
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- ^ "Prime Minister announces The Queen's approval of Canada's next Governor General". Prime Minister of Canada's website. July 5, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "'Honoured, humbled and ready': Mary Simon's first speech as incoming Governor General". CTV News. July 6, 2021.
- ^ "Mary Simon – Ordre national du Québec" (in French). Government of Quebec. 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
- ^ "Biography". Governor General of Canada. Archived from the original on July 26, 2021.
- ^ Galloway, Gloria (May 1, 2012). "After four decades leading the Inuit people, Mary Simon steps down". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Curry, Bill; Raman-Wilms, Menaka (July 6, 2021). "Governor-General Mary Simon dedicated her career to reshaping Indigenous policy in Canada". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 12, 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Fennell, Tom (February 6, 1995). "The Arctic advocate". Maclean's. Archived from the original on July 25, 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Diebel, Linda (November 24, 1984). "Mary Simon's Come a Long Way from Kangiqsualujjuaq". The Gazette. p. B4. ProQuest 2199943598.
- ^ Hay, John (May 12, 1989). "Her mission: protecting Arctic's original people". Ottawa Citizen. p. A9. ProQuest 2336756323.
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- ^ "Mary May Simon" (PDF). Inuktituk. No. 84. May 1, 1999. pp. 22–23.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Simon, Mary (1997). Inuit : one future--one Arctic. Peterborough, Ont.: Cider Press. ISBN 189685110X.
- ^ "Mary Simon is appointed Canada's first Ambassador for Circumpolar Affairs". Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
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- ^ Mary Simon becomes Ambassador to the Kingdom of Denmark Archived March 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ "2007–2008 Annual Report" (PDF). International Institute for Sustainable Development. July 10, 2008. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 17, 2021. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
- ^ Simon, Mary (July 28, 2006). "Mary Simon responds to Jim Prentice". Nunatsiaq News. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
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- ^ Aiello, Rachel (July 6, 2021). "Mary Simon named as Canada's first Indigenous Governor General". CTVNews. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
- ^ "Canada's next governor general Mary Simon to be officially installed July 26". CTVNews. July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
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- ^ Order of Canada citation
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- ^ "Indspire Award 1996 (Environment)". Indspire. July 6, 2021.
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- ^ Memorial University (July 20, 2021). ""Excellent and Transformative"". The Gazette. Archived from the original on July 20, 2021.
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- ^ Walter and Duncan Gordon Charitable Foundation Archived February 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Simon, Mary". Inuit Literatures ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᒍᓯᖏᑦ Littératures inuites. Université du Québec à Montréal. Archived from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
External links[]
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- 1947 births
- Living people
- People from Nunavik
- Ambassadors of Canada to Denmark
- Canadian women ambassadors
- Chancellors of Trent University
- Companions of the Order of Canada
- Officers of the National Order of Quebec
- Recipients of Nersornaat
- Indspire Awards
- Canadian Inuit women
- Inuit from Quebec
- Canadian indigenous women academics
- Canadian women viceroys
- Governors General of Canada
- Anglophone Quebec people
- Canadian people of English descent