Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pakistani passport

Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Pakistan by the authorities of other states. As of 2 July 2021 Quater 3 of 2021, Pakistani citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 38 countries and territories, ranking the Pakistani passport 104th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index .[1]

Visa requirements map[]

Visa requirements for holders of regular Pakistani passports.
  Islamic Republic of Pakistan
  Visa free
  Visa issued upon arrival
  Electronic/pre-arrival authorisation or eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required prior to arrival
  Admission restricted

Visa requirements[]

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
 Albania Visa required[3] Visa not required for those who hold a valid visa issued by an EU member state, UK, USA and UAE resident visa for stays no more than 90 days.[4]
 Algeria Visa required[5]
 Andorra Visa required[6]
 Angola Visa required[7]
 Antigua and Barbuda Electronic Entry Visa[8] Visa on arrival (100 USD) if holding valid visa issued by an EU member state, UK, Canada or the USA for stays that of no more than 30 days.[9][10]
 Argentina Visa required[11]
 Armenia Visa required[12]
 Australia Visa required[13]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[14]
 Austria Visa required[15]
 Azerbaijan eVisa[16] 30 days[17]
 Bahamas Visa required[18]
 Bahrain eVisa[19] 14 days
  • 14 days to 1 Year Multiple entry Visa.[20][21]
  • Visa is not required for holders of valid visa or residence permit issued by GCC countries.
 Bangladesh Visa required[22]
 Barbados Visa required[23]
 Belarus Visa not required[24][25][26] The national passport holders must have a valid travel document with a valid multiply visa and an entry stamp of the EU countries or countries of the Schengen Agreement [27]
 Belgium Visa required[28]
 Belize Visa required[29] Permanent residents and holders of multiple entry visa of the United States and Canada may obtain a visa free entry. Passengers with a valid visa issued by a Schengen Member State are visa exempt for a maximum stay of 90 days.[30]
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[31][32] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[33]
 Bolivia Visa required[34]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa required[35]
  • Visa not required if holding two or multiple entry short-stay visa issued by a Schengen member state for stays that of no more than 90 days.
 Botswana Visa required[36]
 Brazil Visa required[37]
 Brunei Visa required[38]
 Bulgaria Visa required[39]
  • Visa not required if holding two or multiple entry short-stay visa issued by a Schengen member state for stays that of no more than 90 days.
 Burkina Faso Visa required[40]
 Burundi Visa required[41][42]
 Cambodia evisa[43] 30 days[44]
 Cameroon Visa required[45]
 Canada Visa required[46]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[47]
 Central African Republic Visa required[48]
 Chad Visa required[49]
 Chile Visa required[50]
 China Visa required[51]
  • Visa free of charge for Pakistan passport holders
 Colombia Visa required[52]
 Comoros Visa on arrival[53] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[54]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[55]
 Costa Rica Visa required[56]
  • Visa issued on arrival for ordinary passport if traveler holds a valid tourist, visa, crew visa, multiple-entry business visa, permanent resident or student visa for the United States or Canada.[57]
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[58] 3 months
  • eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
 Croatia Visa required[59]
  • Visa not required if holding two or multiple entry short-stay visa issued by a Schengen member state for stays that of no more than 90 days.
 Cuba Visa required[60]
 Cyprus Visa required[61]
 Czech Republic Visa required[62]
 Denmark Visa required[63]
 Djibouti eVisa[64] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[65] 6 months
 Dominican Republic Visa required[66] 90 days
  • Visa not required if holding valid visa issued by an EU member state, Canada or the USA for stays that of no more than 90 days.[67]
 Ecuador Visa required[68]
 Egypt Visa required[69]
  • Visa on arrival for ordinary passport holding valid GCC residence permit for 30 days.
 El Salvador Visa required[70]
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[71]
 Eritrea Visa required[72]
 Estonia Visa required[73]
 Eswatini Visa required[74]
 Ethiopia Visa required[75]
 Fiji Visa required[76]
 Finland Visa required[77]
 France Visa required[78]
 Gabon eVisa[79]
  • Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.
 Gambia Visa required[80]
 Georgia Visa required[81]
  • Visa not required for holders of a valid Schengen visa or a valid visa from any of the OECD member countries; or a valid residence permit of a Schengen or OECD country or valid visa or residence permit of a GCC country.[81]
 Germany Visa required[82]
 Ghana Visa required[83]
 Greece Visa required[84]
 Grenada Visa required[85]
 Guatemala Visa required[86]
 Guinea eVisa[87] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[88] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[89]
  • Those holding a letter of invitation from sponsor or host may apply for a visa on arrival.
 Haiti Visa not required[90] 3 months
 Honduras Visa required[91]
 Hungary Visa required[92]
 Iceland Visa required[93]
 India Visa required[94]
  • Generally visas are not issued unless in special circumstances or for official visit purposes.[citation needed]
    However, as of 20 April 2019, Pakistani citizens over the age of 65 with the sole objective of meeting friends or family are granted a 45-day visa upon arrival at the Attari-Wagah Checkpoint.[95] This scheme does not apply to those who wish to visit Punjab, Kerala and Restricted Areas, nor does it apply to those who have ever been denied an Indian visa before.[95]
 Indonesia Visa required[96]
 Iran Visa required[97]
 Iraq Visa required[98]
 Ireland Visa required[99]
  • May transit without a visa.[100]
 Israel Visa required[101]
  • Confirmation from Israeli Foreign Ministry is required before a visa is issued.[102]
 Italy Visa required[103]
 Jamaica Visa required[104]
 Japan Visa required[105]
 Jordan Visa required[106] If you hold passport from one of the above countries, and you have residence in the United Kingdom, United States of America, European Union countries, Gulf States (not tourism or visit visa) valid for more than six months[107]
 Kazakhstan Visa required[108]
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[109] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa required[110]
 North Korea Visa required[111]
 South Korea Visa required[112][113]
 Kuwait Visa required[114]
 Kyrgyzstan eVisa[115]
  • Electronic visa holders must arrive via Manas International Airport or Osh Airport or through land crossings with China (at Irkeshtam and Torugart), Kazakhstan (at Ak-jol, Ak-Tilek, Chaldybar, Chon-Kapka), Tajikistan (at Bor-Dobo, Kulundu, Kyzyl-Bel) and Uzbekistan (at Dostuk).[116]
 Laos Visa required[117]
 Latvia Visa required[118]
 Lebanon Visa required[119]
  • Visa on arrival for Pakistani nationals holding valid GCC residence permit (subject to white collar profession being mentioned on resident permit). For others, in addition to a visa, an approval should be obtained from the immigration department of the General Directorate of General Security (La Sûreté Générale).
 Lesotho eVisa[120][121]
 Liberia Visa required[122]
 Libya Visa required[123]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[124]
 Lithuania Visa required[125]
 Luxembourg Visa required[126]
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[127] 90 days
 Malawi eVisa[128][129] 90 days
 Malaysia eVisa[130][131] 30 days
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[132] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[133]
 Malta Visa required[134]
 Marshall Islands Visa required[135]
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[136]
 Mauritius Visa required[137]
 Mexico Visa required[138]
  • Ordinary passport holders do not require visa for tourism, business or transit if they possess a valid and non-expired visa for, or are legal permanent residents of, the United States of America, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom or Schengen area.[139]
 Micronesia Visa not required[140] 30 days
 Moldova Visa required[141]
  • E-Visa can be obtainable if Pakistani nationals holding Schengen Member State valid visa.
 Monaco Visa required[142]
 Mongolia Visa required[143]
 Montenegro Visa required[144]
 Morocco Visa required[145]
 Mozambique Visa required[146][147]
 Myanmar eVisa[148] 28 days
  • eVisa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu.
  • eVisa is available for tourism only.
 Namibia Visa required[149]
 Nauru Visa required[150]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[151]
 Netherlands Visa required[152]
 New Zealand Visa required[153]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[154]
 Nicaragua Visa required[155]
  • Visa on arrival if holding valid visas of US, Canada, or Schengen Member state
 Niger Visa required[156]
 Nigeria Visa required[157]
 North Macedonia Visa required[158]
  • Visa not required if holding two or multiple entry short-stay visa issued by a Schengen member state for stays that of no more than 90 days during any 180-day period
 Norway Visa required[159]
  • Pakistani citizens holding an official or diplomatic passport are not required to have a visa when they travel to Norway for official purposes.
 Oman Visa required[160]
  • Visa on arrival for ordinary passport holders holding valid GCC residence permit (subject to white collar profession being mentioned on permit).
 Palau Free visa on arrival[161] 30 days
 Panama Visa required[162]
 Papua New Guinea Visa required[163]
 Paraguay Visa required[164]
 Peru Visa required[165]
 Philippines Visa required[166]
 Poland Visa required[167]
 Portugal Visa required[168]
 Qatar Visa not required[169] 30 days
 Romania Visa required[170]
  • Visa not required if holding two or multiple entry short-stay visa issued by a Schengen member state for stays that of no more than 90 days during any 180-day period. [4]
 Russia Visa required[171]
  • Visa not required if visiting Saint Petersburg for up to 72 hours via ferry from Helsinki or Tallinn.[172]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[173] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis eVisa[174]
 Saint Lucia Visa required[175]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[176] 1 month
 Samoa Visa not required[177] 60 days
 San Marino Visa required[178]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[179]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[180]
 Senegal Visa required[181]
 Serbia Visa required[182]
  • Visa not required if holding two or multiple entry short-stay visa issued by a Schengen member state for stays that of no more than 90 days.
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[183] 3 months
 Sierra Leone Visa on arrival[184]
 Singapore Visa required[185]
 Slovakia Visa required[186]
 Slovenia Visa required[187]
 Solomon Islands Visa required[188]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival
 Somalia Visa on arrival[189] 30 days
 South Africa Visa required[190]
 South Sudan Visa required[191]
 Spain Visa required[192]
 Sri Lanka Electronic Entry Visa[193] 30 days
 Sudan Visa required[194]
 Suriname eVisa[195]
 Sweden Visa required[196]
  Switzerland Visa required[197]
 Syria Visa required[198]
 Tajikistan eVisa[199] 45 days
  • 45 days within 90 days
  • E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[200]
 Tanzania Visa required[201][202]
 Thailand Visa required[203]
 Timor-Leste Visa required[204]
 Togo Visa on arrival[205] 7 days
 Tonga Visa required[206]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[207]
 Tunisia Visa required[208]
  • 14 days on arrival visa for GCC[209] residents with confirmed air tickets, hotel booking and more than six months validity on their GCC residency
 Turkey eVisa[210]
  • Ordinary passport holders with a valid Schengen, OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) member's visa or residence permit may get their one-month single entry e-Visas online less Australia and Canada .[211]
 Turkmenistan Visa required[212]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[213] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[214]
  • Visa is obtained online.[215]
 Ukraine Visa required[216]
 United Arab Emirates eVisa[217]
  • E-Visa can be obtained Online for ordinary passport holders holding valid GCC residence permit (subject to white collar profession being mentioned on permit).
 United Kingdom Visa required[218]
  • Other exemptions apply for Visa-free Direct Airside Transit.[219]
 United States Visa required[220]
 Uruguay Visa required[221]
 Uzbekistan Visa required[222]
  • Visa not required for holders of a valid residence permit of a GCC country. GCC residency must be valid for three months or more.
 Vanuatu Visa not required[223] 30 days
  Vatican City Visa required[224]
 Venezuela Visa required[225]
 Vietnam Visa Required[226]
  • Visa not required provided arriving at Phu Quoc (PQC) or connecting flight to Phu Quoc via Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City for a maximum stay of 30 days.
 Yemen Visa required[227]
 Zambia eVisa[228]
 Zimbabwe eVisa[229]

Non-Visa restrictions[]

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. ( | )

Blank passport pages[]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[230] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination[]

An International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever
Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic

Many African countries, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Togo, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[231] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[232]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[233][234]

An increasing number of countries have been imposing additional COVID-19 related health restrictions such as quarantine measures and testing requirements. Many countries increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers with regard to quarantine requirements or when deciding to allow them entry at all.[235] This is justified by research that shows that the efficacy of the Pfizer vaccine lasts for six months or so.[236]

Passport validity length[]

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[237] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[238] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru.[239] Philippines,[240] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[241]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[242] and South Africa.

Other countries, such as Japan,[243] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[244] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

A very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a passport valid on arrival.

Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[245][246] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[247]

Criminal record[]

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[248] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata[]

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[249]

Israeli stamps[]

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[250] Lebanon,[251] Libya,[252] Syria,[253] and Yemen[254] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity[]

Main articles: Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan, Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan,[255][256][257] Armenian citizens and other foreign nationals of Armenian descent are likely to encounter difficulties when attempting to enter the Republic of Azerbaijan.[258][259][260]

Azerbaijan bans visits by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[260] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[261] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[262] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Biometrics[]

See also: Countries applying biometrics
A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[263]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[264][265] Argentina,[266] Brunei, Cambodia,[267] China,[268] Ethiopia,[269] Ghana, Guinea,[270] India, Japan,[271][272] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[273] Malaysia upon entry and departure [274], Mongolia, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[275] Singapore, South Korea,[276] Taiwan, Thailand,[277] Uganda,[278] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[279][280][281] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[282]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[283] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[284][285] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[286] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[287][288]


See also[]

References and Notes[]

References
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  244. ^ "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You’re not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
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  255. ^ "2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Azerbaijan". U.S. Department of State. Office of the Inspector General. 30 March 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2021. Significant human rights issues included: unlawful or arbitrary killing; torture; arbitrary detention; harsh and sometimes life-threatening prison conditions; political prisoners; arbitrary interference with privacy; politically motivated reprisal against individuals outside the country; pervasive problems with the independence of the judiciary; heavy restrictions on free expression, the press, and the internet, including violence against journalists, the criminalization of libel and slander, harassment and incarceration of journalists on questionable charges, and blocking of websites; substantial interference with the rights of peaceful assembly and freedom of association; restrictions on freedom of movement; severe restrictions on political participation; systemic government corruption; police brutality against individuals based on sexual orientation; and existence of the worst forms of child labour. Significant human rights issues connected with the Nagorno-Karabakh armed conflict included unlawful killings, civilian casualties, and inhuman treatment. The government did not prosecute or punish the majority of officials who committed human rights abuses; impunity remained a problem.
  256. ^ "ECRI REPORT ON AZERBAIJAN (fifth monitoring cycle)" (PDF). European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). Council of Europe. Retrieved 3 May 2021. there is a conflict-ridden domestic political discourse and Azerbaijan’s leadership, education system and media are very prolific in their denigration of Armenians. Political opponents are accused of having Armenian roots or of receiving funds from Armenian sources. An entire generation of Azerbaijanis has now grown up listening to constant rhetoric of Armenian aggression. According to a 2012 survey, 91% perceived Armenia as Azerbaijan’s greatest enemy. As a result, the Armenians living in the country need to hide their ethnic affiliation and there is no organisation of the Armenian minority in the country with which ECRI’s delegation could have met. The human rights activists Leyla and Arif Yunus, who worked inter alia towards reconciliation with Armenia, have been arrested and sentenced under controversial accusations to heavy prison terms.
  257. ^ The Caucasus: Frozen Conflicts and Closed Borders: Hearing Before The Committee On Foreign Affairs House Of Representatives One Hundred Tenth Congress Second Session (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2021. Our goal is the complete elimination of Armenians. You, Nazis, already eliminated the Jews in the 1930s and 40s, right? You should be able to understand us.
  258. ^ Kucera, Joshua (5 July 2017). "Russia Complains To Azerbaijan About Discrimination Against Armenians". Eurasianet, an independent news organization. Retrieved 2 May 2021. Russia has formally complained to Azerbaijan about "ethnic discrimination" against Russian citizens of Armenian origin, saying that 25 Russians so far this year have been denied entry to Azerbaijan because they had Armenian names. #"Russian citizens arriving in Azerbaijan are truly discriminated against on ethnic grounds," the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said in a statement on July 5. "We demand the cessation of this outrageous practice, inconsistent with the friendly relations between our two countries." Azerbaijan has long denied entry to citizens of all countries, not just Russians, whose names end in the standard Armenian surname suffixes -ian or -yan.
  259. ^ "Citing ethnicity, Azerbaijan bars photojournalist". Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved 2 May 2021. Diana Markosian, a freelance photographer for Bloomberg Markets magazine was denied entry to Azerbaijan last week by authorities who cited her ethnicity as a reason, international news reports said. On June 27, border guards at the Heydar Aliyev International Airport in Baku detained Markosian on arrival from the Latvian capital, Riga, then expelled her the next day, according to press reports and CPJ interviews. Markosian told CPJ that the border guards took her passport, saying that she had an Armenian last name and that they "needed to clarify something." Then they put her in the airport's transit zone where she spent 16 hours until she was put on a flight to Tbilisi, Georgia. Markosian holds both U.S. and Russian citizenship, she told CPJ. A government spokesman told the Baku-based news agency APA that Markosian was deported because authorities would be unable to provide her with "security" since she is an ethnic Armenian.
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  263. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently “strict requirements for travellers” in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
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  280. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  281. ^ LIPTON, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
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  285. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn’t the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
  286. ^ Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016). "Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders". Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Unlike with documents, it’s very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That’s why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else’s passport.
  287. ^ "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Singapore has started scanning travellers’ eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
  288. ^ Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved 24 April 2019. The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.
Notes
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