Vulgate manuscripts

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Beginning of the Gospel of Mark on a page from the Codex Amiatinus.

The Vulgate (/ˈvʌlɡeɪt, -ɡət/) is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible that was to become the Catholic Church's officially promulgated Latin version of the Bible during the 16th century, and is still used in the Latin Church to this day.[citation needed] The text of the Vulgate is kept in numerous manuscripts.

History[]

The Vulgate exists in many forms. The Codex Amiatinus is the oldest surviving complete manuscript; it dates from the 8th century.

A number of early manuscripts containing or reflecting the Vulgate survive today. Dating from the 8th century, the Codex Amiatinus is the earliest surviving manuscript of the complete Vulgate Bible. The Codex Fuldensis, dating from around 547, contains most of the New Testament in the Vulgate version, but the four gospels are harmonized into a continuous narrative derived from the Diatessaron.

Alcuin of York oversaw efforts to make an improved Vulgate, which most argue he presented to Charlemagne in 801. He concentrated mainly on correcting inconsistencies of grammar and orthography, many of which were in the original text. More scholarly attempts were made by Theodulphus, Bishop of Orléans (787?–821); Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury (1070–1089); Stephen Harding, Abbot of Cîteaux (1109–1134); and Deacon Nicolaus Maniacoria (mid-12th century). The University of Paris, the Dominicans, and the Franciscans following Roger Bacon assembled lists of correctoria; approved readings where variants had been noted.[1] Many of the readings that were recommended were later found to be interpolations, or survivals of the Vetus Latina text, since medieval correctors commonly sought to adjust the Vulgate text into consistency with Bible quotations found in early Church Fathers.

List of manuscripts[]

Old Testament[]

List of some manuscripts from the Stuttgart Vulgate (officially known as Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem) with siglum from the same source; no name means the Stuttgart Vulgate did not give it a name, no provenance means the Stuttgart Vulgate did not give it a provenance:

Old Testament manuscripts sigla per Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem[2] hide
Sigla Name Approx. date Prov. Content Custodian
D — 8th century Lugdunum Sam, Rg, Pa Municipal Lib. of Lyon
D — 8th century Northumbria Job Russian National Lib.
F — 8th century Gaul Deut–Ruth National Lib. of France
F Psalt. Corbeiense triplex 8th century — Ps (G&H) Russian National Lib.
G Pentateuchus Turonensis 6th-7th century — Gen–Num National Lib. of France
G Sangermanensis 9th century — Par, Esr, Est, Prv, Sap, Sir National Lib. of France
H Cathach S. Columbae 7th century Hibernia Psalms (G) Royal Irish Academy
I — 10th century — Ps (G&H) Municipal Lib. of Rouen
K — 8th century Italia Ezra–Job Cathedral Lib. of Cologne
K Psalt. Augiense triplex 9th century Augia Ps (G&H) Baden State Library
L — 9th century Würzburg Deut–Ruth Bodleian Library
L — 9th century Lugdunum Ezra Municipal Lib. of Lyon
L Laureshamensis 6th-7th century Italia merid. Tobit–Job Vatican Library
L Psalt. Lugdunense 5th-6th century Lugdunum Psalms (G) Municipal Lib. of Lyon +

National Lib. of France

L — 9th century Tours Psalms (H) British Museum
M Maurdramni 8th century Corbie Ios–Rt, Dn–Mal, Mcc, Prv–Sir, Ez Municipal Lib. of Amiens

New Testament[]

See also: List of New Testament Latin manuscripts
Vulgate of Mark 1:1ff in an illuminated manuscript held at Autun

Identification[]

The list of manuscripts below is based on citations in Novum Testamentum Graece (NA27) and The Greek New Testament (UBS4). Each manuscript is identified first by its siglum (the first column, s., in the table), as given by the critical apparatus of the editions mentioned. These sigla are related to content, so are not unique. For example, the letter S refers to Codex Sangallensis 1395 in the gospels, but to in the Pauline epistles. So sigla need disambiguation. In the table below, this is done by providing a full name. Additionally, the standard unique serial number for each manuscript is provided. Taken together sigla, name and number provide unambiguous identification, and some further information regarding the content, history and relationship of manuscripts.

Sigla, names and numbers exist to serve different scholastic purposes. Sigla, in the context of reference to an original document, provide unique and concise identification of witnesses to the text of that original, suited to minimizing the space taken by citation in a critical apparatus. Names, on the other hand, normally refer to specific handwritten volumes (often including other text), either as originally bound or in their current form. Names are typically Latin, and can refer to the place of composition (Codex Sangallensis, "Book from St. Gall") or rediscovery (Stonyhurst Gospel), the current location (Liber Ardmachanus, "Book of Armagh"), a famous owner (Codex Bezae, "Theodore Beza's Book"), a volume's function (Liber Comicus, "The Lectionary"), or can even refer to physical characteristics of a volume (Codex Gigas, "The Huge Book" or Codex Aureus, "The Gold Book"). The Book of Mulling is also known as Liber Moliensis after the name of the scribe, as tradition has it.

It must also be observed that certain Latin NT manuscripts may present a mixture of Vulgate and Vetus Latina texts. For example, Codex Sangermanensis (g1 ) is Vetus Latina in Matthew, but Vulgate in the rest of the Gospels. Also, the text of John in Codex Veronensis is believed to be part Vetus Latina and part Vulgate.

List[]

New Testament manuscripts sigla per Novum Testamentum Graece and The Greek New Testament hide
Sigla Name Approx. date Prov. Content Custodian
C Codex Cavensis 850 Gosp–Paul; Rev Archivio della Badia della Santissima Trinità (Cava de' Tirreni)
D Codex Durmachensis 650 Gospels Trinity College, Dublin
F Codex Fuldensis 541—46 New Testament  [de]
G Codex Sangermanensis I 850 New Testament BnF
I — 800 Biblioteca Vallicelliana (Rome)
K — 850 Paul Baden State Library (Karlsruhe)
L 700 General
M Codex Mediolanensis 550 Gospels
N — 450 Gospels Bibliothèque Municipale

National Library of France (Autun, Paris)

P — 600 Gospels
R 750 Paul Vatican Library
R — 600 General Biblioteca Capitolare, Verona
S Codex Sangallensis 1395 450 Gospels Abbey of St. Gall
S 750 Acts; Rev Abbey of St. Gall
S 750 Paul Abbey of St. Gall
S Codex Sangallensis 907 750 General Abbey of St. Gall
Z Codex Harleianus 550 Gospels British Museum
Λ Codex Legionensis — Acts–Rev Basilica of San Isidoro
11A Cod. M. p. th. f. 67 Gospels University of Würzburg

Complete bibles[]

Complete bibles manuscripts sigla per Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem, Novum Testamentum Graece and The Greek New Testament hide
Sigla Name Approx. date Prov. Content Custodian
A[2] Amiatinus 8th century Northumbria Bible Laurentian Library
C[2] Cavensis 9th century Hispania Bible without Cath Monte Cassino
C Codex Complutensis I 927 Bible Bibl. Univ. Centr. 31 Madrid
T Codex Toletanus 950 Bible National Library of Spain Madrid
Θ Codex Theodulphianus 950 Bible Bibliothèque nationale de France Paris

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Linde, Cornelia (2011). How to correct the Sacra scriptura? Textual criticism of the Latin Bible between the twelfth and fifteenth century. Medium Ævum Monographs 29. Oxford: Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature. ISBN 9780907570226.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c Weber, Robert; Gryson, Roger, eds. (2007). "Index codicum et editionum". Biblia sacra : iuxta Vulgatam versionem. Oliver Wendell Holmes Library, Phillips Academy (5th ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. pp. XLIII–XLV. ISBN 978-3-438-05303-9.

External links[]

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