Old states of Germany

Map of West Germany

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The old states of Germany (German: die alten Länder) are the ten states of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) that unified with the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) with its re-established 5 states upon German reunification on October 3, 1990.

The old states are Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, and Schleswig-Holstein. The state of Berlin, the result of a merger between East and West Berlin, is usually not considered one of the old states although West Berlin was closely associated with the Federal Republic of Germany, but its status was disputed because of the Four Power Agreement on Berlin.

Demographics[]

The population density of the new German states is lower than that of the old states.

In the old states, the populations also developed differently. In Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hamburg, Hesse and Schleswig-Holstein, the population increased steadily. In Saarland, on the other hand, the population dropped steadily. The population of North Rhine-Westphalia (until 2004), Lower Saxony and Rhineland-Palatinate (both until 2003) initially increased and then fell off again. The population of Bremen dropped until the year 2001, then rose to the year 2007 and began to fall again in 2008.

Since 1980, birth rates have been relatively constant.^[1]

Migration[]

There are more migrants in former West Germany than in former East Germany.^[2][3][4]

Economy[]

Frankfurt, the financial capital of Germany, was part of the former West Germany

The standard of living and annual income remains significantly higher in the old states.^[5] In former West Germany, there is more income than in the East.^[1]

In former West Germany, there were smaller farms than in the east.^[1]

In the old states there are fewer unemployed than in the new states.^[6][7]

Politics[]

In the West and West Berlin^[8] the Union, SPD, FDP and Greens are stronger, but right-wing populist parties and The Left are weaker than in the east.^[9][10]

Unlike in the East, there are not 3 or 4 (since 2016) equally-strong parties but a "two-party dominance" of the SPD and CDU.^[11]

A study of the University of Berlin from 1998-1999 comes to 13% for the whole of Germany, and 12% for the West and 17% for the East for right-wing extremist recruitment potential.^[12] In the 2017 Federal Election, AfD reached ~ 22%^[13] in the East and ~ 11%^[14] in the West.^[15]

There is also a higher voter turnout in the West.^[11]

• 

  Social Democrats (SPD)

• 

  Free Democrats (FDP)

• 

  Alliance 90/The Greens (B90/Grünen)

• 

  Christian Democrats (CDU & CSU)

See also[]

• New states of Germany
• Central Germany
• Wessi

References[]