Yaña imlâ alphabet

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Yaña imlâ
Script type with some elements of an abjad
Time period
1920 to 1928
LanguagesTatar, Bashkir
Related scripts
Parent systems
Arabic alphabet
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Cover page of Tatar Yana imla book, printed with Separated Arabic script in 1924
Tatar book from 1925 written in the Yaña imlâ showing use of "Arabic Letter Low Alef" to designate vowel harmony

Yaña imlâ (Tatar: Яңа имля, pronounced [jʌˈŋɑ imˈlʲæ], lit. "New orthography") was a modified variant of Arabic script that was in use for the Tatar language between 1920–1927. The orthographical reform modified İske imlâ, abolishing excess Arabic letters, adding letters for short vowels e, ı, ö, o. Yaña imlâ made use of "Arabic Letter Low Alef" ⟨ࢭ⟩ to indicate vowel harmony. Arguably, Yaña imlâ had as its goal the accommodation of the alphabet to the actual Tatar pronunciation.

There were some projects that were to simplify Yaña imlâ too. The unique separated Arabic was invented (so as to use typewriters). Separated Arabic was even incorporated in the early flag of Tatar ASSR, though it was not in real use.

As early as in 1924 the first projects of Latin script were introduced and in 1928 alphabet was switched to the Latin Yañalif alphabet.

Zamanälif Isolated Final Medial Initial Jaꞑalif Modern Cyrillic Tatar alphabet Notes
a ئا ـا ا ئا a а
ä ئە ـە ـە ئە ə ә
p پ ـپ ـپـ پـ p п
b ب ـب ـبـ بـ ʙ б
t ت ـت ـتـ تـ t т
c ج ـج ـجـ جـ ç җ
ç چ ـچ ـچـ چـ c ч
x ح ـح ـحـ حـ x х
d د ـد ـد د d д
r ر ـر ـر ر r р
z ز ـز ـز ز z з
j ژ ـژ ـژ ژ ƶ ж
s س ـس ـسـ سـ s с
ş ش ـش ـشـ شـ ş ш
ğ ع ـع ـعـ عـ ƣ г(ъ) Alternative Cyrillic transcription: ғ
f ف ـف ـفـ فـ f ф
q ق ـق ـقـ قـ q к(ъ) Alternative Cyrillic transcription: қ
k ک ـک ـکـ کـ k к
g گ ـگ ـگـ گـ g г
ñ ڭ ـڭ ـڭـ ң Initial form not used due to the absence of ⟨ŋ⟩ as an initial consonant
l ل ـل ـلـ لـ l л
m م ـم ـمـ مـ m м
n ن ـن ـنـ نـ n н
w و ـو ـو و v в Alternative Cyrillic transcription: ў
y ی ـى ـیـ یـ j й
i, í ئی ـى ـیـ ئیـ i, ьj и, ый ࢭئی‎ for í
ئی‎ for i
u, ü ئو ـو ـو ئو u, y у, ү ࢭئو‎ for u
ئو‎ for ü
o, ö ئۇ ـۇ ـۇ ئۇ o, ɵ о, ө ࢭئۇ‎ for o
ئۇ‎ for ö
ı, e ئ ـئ ـئـ ئـ ь, e ы, е ࢭئـ‎ for ı
ئـ‎ for e
h ه ـه ـهـ هـ h һ

See also[]

Sources[]

  • "Arabic alphabet". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
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