1290s

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
  • 12th century
  • 13th century
  • 14th century
Decades:
Years:
  • 1290
  • 1291
  • 1292
  • 1293
  • 1294
  • 1295
  • 1296
  • 1297
  • 1298
  • 1299
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • By country
  • By topic
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

The 1290s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1290, and ended on December 31, 1299.

Events

1290

This section is transcluded from 1290. ( | )

By place[]

Europe[]
  • Year without winter – Exceptionally rare instance of uninterrupted transition, from autumn 1289 to the following spring, in Britain and mainland western Europe.[1]
  • March 1 – The University of Coimbra is founded in Lisbon, Portugal by King Denis of Portugal; it moves to Coimbra in 1308.
  • July 10 – Ladislaus IV of Hungary is assassinated by three Cumans (Árbóc, Törtel and Kemence), at the castle of Körösszeg (modern-day Cheresig) in Romania.
  • July 18 – By the Edict of Expulsion, King Edward I of England orders all Jews (at this time probably numbering around 2,000) to leave England by November 1 (All Saints' Day);[2] on the Hebrew calendar this is Tisha B'Av, a day that commemorates many calamities.
  • July 23 – Andrew III of Hungary is crowned in Székesfehérvár by Lodomer, Archbishop of Esztergom, having escaped from captivity in Vienna.
  • August 1 – The country of Wallachia is founded (traditional date).
  • December – The twelve Eleanor crosses are erected between Lincolnshire and London in England, as King Edward I mourns the death of his queen consort, Eleanor of Castile.
  • December 18 – Upon the death of Magnus III, he is succeeded by his 10-year-old son Birger as king of Sweden. Although Sweden is an elective monarchy at this time, Birger has been appointed heir to the throne already in 1284.
  • Construction of Llandaff Cathedral is completed in Cardiff, Wales, 170 years after it was begun.
  • The Mongol Golden Horde invades the Bessarabia region of Moldavia.
  • The second of the Statutes of Mortmain are passed under King Edward I of England, which prevents land from passing into possession of the church. The statute Quia Emptores is also passed, reforming the feudal system of land leases, and allowing the sale of fee simple estates.
  • King Denis of Portugal decrees that Portuguese is the official language of Portugal, replacing classical Latin in that capacity.
  • Construction on the Akershus Fortress of Oslo, Norway is begun.
Asia[]
  • September 27 – The 6.8 Ms  Chihli earthquake affects the province of Hebei, China with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 7,270–100,000.
  • The founding Mamluk dynasty of the Sultanate of Delhi is overthrown, by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji of the Khalji dynasty.

1291

This section is transcluded from 1291. ( | )

By place[]

Europe[]
  • Spring – Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi set sail from Genoa with the goal of reaching India; they never return.
  • May 10 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of King Edward I of England in mediating the resolution of the succession crisis created by the death of King Alexander III of Scotland five years earlier.
  • c. August 1 – Federal Charter of 1291 by which the "three forest cantons" (Waldstätte) of Switzerland (Schwyz, Uri and Unterwalden) form an eternal alliance intended to protect themselves from the newly-powerful House of Habsburg, a starting point for growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy. This year is also the traditional date of the Rütlischwur, the swearing of an oath by the three cantonal representatives at Rütli meadow.[3]
  • Sancho IV of Castile breaks the siege of Alonso Pérez de Guzmán in Tarifa by Moors of the Marinid Sultanate.[citation needed]
  • Pope Nicholas IV confirms the independence of San Marino by papal bull.
  • All glassmakers in Venice are forced to move to the island of Murano, in order to contain the risk of fire, thus establishing the glass industry there.
  • Klenová Castle is constructed in southern Bohemia as part of a frontier defense system.
  • King Andrew III of Hungary gives royal town privileges to Bratislava, the modern-day capital of Slovakia.
Asia[]
  • May 18 – The Siege of Acre ends when Al-Ashraf Khalil of Egypt captures Acre, thus exterminating the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (the final Christian landholding remaining from the Crusades) and ending the Ninth Crusade and effectively all Crusades, by eliminating the possibility of further attacks on the Holy Land.
  • The artificial Kunming Lake is constructed as a reservoir for Dadu in Yuan dynasty China by famous engineer and astronomer Guo Shoujing.
  • Emperor Kameyama of Japan establishes the Zen Buddhist temple of Nanzenji in Kyoto.

By topic[]

Markets[]
  • Four towns of the county of Holland (Dordrecht, Haarlem, Leiden and Alkmaar) and two of the county of Zeeland (Middelburg and Zierikzee) agree for the first time to collectively secure a loan by their sovereign, Floris V. This system gives important securities to the lenders, and allows the ruler to access the same low interest rates as the cities’ governments.[4]
Religion[]
  • May – According to legend, the Santa Casa is carried by angels from Nazareth to Tersatto in Croatia en route to Loreto, Italy.

1292

This section is transcluded from 1292. ( | )
  • April 5 – The Papal election, 1292–94 begins.
  • November – Michael II becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.[5]
  • November 17 (Julian calendar) – John Balliol is selected by King Edward I of England as King of Scotland, from among 13 competitors for the Crown of Scotland; Edward then treats John as a puppet ruler and Scotland as a vassal state, eventually provoking the Wars of Scottish Independence, commencing in 1296.[6]
  • King Mangrai the Great of Ngoenyang conquers and annexes the Mon kingdom of Hariphunchai, creating a political union in the form of the Lanna Kingdom.
  • The Vaghela Dynasty in Gujarat is subjugated by the Deccan Yadava Dynasty of Daulatabad.
  • The Mamluk sultan of Egypt, Al-Ashraf Khalil, invades the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.
  • The Isfendiyarid Dynasty is founded in the Kastamonu Province.
  • The Mongols land on Java, taking the capital, but it proves impossible to hold.[7]
  • The Taxatio Ecclesiastica, compiled in 1291–92, is completed under the order of Pope Nicholas IV.

1293

This section is transcluded from 1293. ( | )

By area[]

Africa[]
  • December – Mamluk sultan of Egypt Khalil is assassinated by his regent Baydara, who briefly claims the sultanate, before being assassinated himself by a rival political faction.[8]
Asia[]
  • May 26 – An earthquake in Kamakura, Japan kills an estimated 23,000.[9]
  • May 31 – The forces of Raden Wijaya win a major victory in the Mongol invasion of Java, which is considered to be the founding date of the city of Surabaya.
  • The Japanese era Shōō ends, and the Einin era begins.[10]
  • Khubilai sends a fleet to the islands of Southeast Asia, including Java.[11]
  • The Hindu Majapahit Empire is founded by Kertarajasa in Java. It benefits from internal conflict and Mongol intervention, to defeat the Singhasari Kingdom and establish the empire.[12]
Europe[]
  • Torkel Knutsson leads Sweden in beginning the Third Swedish Crusade against unchristianized Finnish Karelia.[13] In the same year, the construction of Vyborg Castle began by orders of Knutsson.[14]
  • The Ordinances of Justice are enacted in the Commune of Florence.[15]
  • The Isle of Wight is sold to King Edward I of England by Isabella de Forz, Countess of Devon, for 6,000 marks.[16]

By topic[]

Arts and culture[]
  • Dante Alighieri completes the book of verse La Vita Nuova.[17]
Education[]
  • May 20 – King Sancho IV of Castile creates the Studium General, forerunner to the modern Complutense University of Madrid.[18]
Religion[]

1294

This section is transcluded from 1294. ( | )


Asia[]

  • February 18 – Kublai Khan dies; by this time the separation of the four khanates of the Mongol Empire (the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Golden Horde in Russia, the Ilkhanate in Persia, and the Yuan Dynasty in China) has deepened.[20]

Europe[]

  • July 5 – Following the Papal election, 1292–94, Pope Celestine V succeeds Nicholas IV, becoming the 192nd pope.[21]
  • Autumn – In response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales, Madog ap Llywelyn leads a revolt against his English overlords.[22]
  • December 24 – Pope Boniface VIII succeeds Pope Celestine V, becoming the 193rd pope, after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on December 13, only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.[23]
  • John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, the result being the negotiation of the Auld Alliance with France and Norway in the following year. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, which begin in 1296.[24][25]
  • Strata Florida Abbey is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier, during King Edward I of England's conquest of Wales.[26]
  • Architect Arnolfo di Cambio designs Florence Cathedral (Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, better known simply as Il Duomo); he also begins work on the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence.[27][28]
  • England and Portugal enter into the first iteration of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, the oldest alliance in the world still in force.[29]
  • Edward I of England and Philip the Fair of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy. Pope Boniface VIII insists that kings gain papal consent for taxation of the clergy, and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.[30]

1295

This section is transcluded from 1295. ( | )

January–December[]

  • June 20 – Pope Boniface VIII proposes the Treaty of Anagni, seeking to bring peace between the house of Anjou and Sicily; the effort is in vain.
  • June 26 – Przemysł II is crowned King of Poland in Gniezno Cathedral, the first coronation of a Polish ruler in 219 years.
  • October 23 – The first treaty forming the Auld Alliance, between Scotland and France against England, is signed in Paris.
  • November 13 – King Edward I of England summons the Model Parliament to Westminster, the composition of which serves as a model for later parliaments.[31]

Date unknown[]

  • Mongol leader Ghazan Khan converts to Islam, ending a line of Tantric Buddhist leaders.
  • Jayavarman VIII of the Khmer Empire in Cambodia abdicates; Srindravarman succeeds him.
  • Marco Polo returns to Venice, from his travels to China.
  • Philip IV of France and Pope Boniface VIII begin having disagreements.
  • Construction begins on Beaumaris Castle in Anglesey, the last of the ring of castles built by Edward I of England, to subdue Wales.[32]

1296

This section is transcluded from 1296. ( | )

January–December[]

  • March 30 – Capture of Berwick: King Edward I of England storms and captures Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking what is at this time a Scottish border town, with much bloodshed. He slaughters most of the residents, including those who flee to the churches.[33]
  • April 12 – King Mangrai the Great of Ngoenyang establishes a new capital by founding Chiangmai, and founds the Mangrai Dynasty, that will rule the Lanna Kingdom of Chiangmai from 1296 to 1578 (the 700th Anniversary Stadium was built in remembrance of this foundation).[34]
  • April 27 – Battle of Dunbar: John Balliol's Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey.[35][36]
  • July 20 – Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji dies, and his nephew and son-in-law Ala-Ud-Din-Khalji comes to the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in Hindustan, becoming the most powerful ruler of his dynasty.[37]

Date unknown[]

  • Boniface of Verona expels the Byzantines from their last remaining strongholds on Euboea.[38]
  • Chinese diplomat Zhou Daguan spends a year at the court of Khmer King Indravarman III at Angkor, and pens a journal setting forth his observations.[39]
  • approximate date – Tarabya, self-proclaimed king of Pegu, is defeated in single combat on war elephants by Wareru.[40]

1297

This section is transcluded from 1297. ( | )

January–December[]

  • January 8 – The forces of Francesco Grimaldi storm the castle of Monaco (the House of Grimaldi will remain rulers of the principality into the 21st Century).
  • May 3 – Near Rome, Stefano Colonna captures the treasure sent by the Caetani family to the Pope.[41]
  • July 11 – King Louis IX of France is canonized.[42]
  • August 28 – Edward I of England unsuccessfully invades Flanders.
  • September 11 – Battle of Stirling Bridge: The Scottish armies of Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeat the English.[43]
  • September 12 – King Denis of Portugal and King Ferdinand IV of Castile sign the Treaty of Alcanizes. The geographic limits of Portugal are fixed permanently (with the exception of São Félix de Galegos, lost in 1640 and Olivenza, lost in 1801).

Date unknown[]

  • As part of the Treaty of Anagni, the king of Aragon is recognized as ruler of the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica by the Pope, but both islands remain in practice under Pisan and Genoese control.
  • A Portuguese Water Dog is first described in a monk’s report of a drowning sailor, who had been pulled from the sea by a dog.[44]

1298

This section is transcluded from 1298. ( | )

By area[]

Asia[]
  • August 28 – Emperor Go-Fushimi succeeds Emperor Fushimi on the throne of Japan.
  • John Tarchaneiotes is appointed governor of the southern portions of Byzantine Anatolia.
Europe[]
  • April 20 – Rintfleisch-Pogrom: The Jews of Röttingen are burned en masse; other Jewish communities are destroyed later in the year.
  • June 1 – Battle of Turaida: Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order.
  • July 2 – Battle of Göllheim:[45] Albert I of Habsburg defeats and kills Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg.
  • July 22 – Edward I of England defeats a Scottish army led by William Wallace in the Battle of Falkirk.[45]
  • August 1 – The "ideal city" of Marciac, Gascogne, France is founded by King Philip IV of France and Guichard de Marzé.[46]
  • September 9 – Battle of Curzola: The Genoese fleet defeats the Venetians. Marco Polo is one of the prisoners taken, and while in prison in Genoa, he begins dictating his Travels to Rustichello da Pisa.
  • After a year's siege, the revolting commune of Palestrina near Rome surrenders, and is razed to the ground and salted by order of Pope Boniface VIII, in an act of debellatio.

By topic[]

Markets[]
  • The foreign creditors of the Sienese Gran Tavola Bank start demanding their deposits back, thus accelerating the liquidity crisis faced by the firm.[47]
Religion[]
  • Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome, and Pope Gregory I are named the first Doctors of the Church. They are known collectively as the Great Doctors of the Western Church.
Technology[]
  • The Chinese governmental minister Wang Zhen invents a wooden movable type printing (Bi Sheng invented ceramic movable type in the 11th Century).

1299

This section is transcluded from 1299. ( | )

By place[]

Asia[]
  • February 24 – Alauddin Khalji, sultan of Delhi, sends his generals Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan to conquer Gujarat.
  • May 10 – Kyawswa of Pagan and Crown Prince Theingapati are executed at Myinsaing, by the three brothers of the Myinsaing Kingdom (nominally Kyawswa's viceroys), as traitors for submitting to the Mongol Empire.
  • July 27 – Osman I declares his Anatolian beylik (principality) to be independent of the Seljuq Dynasty Sultanate of Rum, originating the Ottoman Empire, with Söğüt as the original capital, which will last until the 1920s.
  • A Mongol khan launches a campaign into India with 200,000 men, but Alauddin Khalji, sultan of Delhi, defeats them.
  • The Kingdom of Singapura is founded by Sang Nila Utama, a Srivijaya prince.
Europe[]
  • April – The Scots take Stirling Castle from the English, after a siege.
  • April 1 – Kings Towne on the River Hull (Kingston upon Hull) is granted city status, by Royal Charter of King Edward I of England.
  • June 27 – Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Scimus, fili condemning King Edward I of England invasion and occupation of Scotland.[48]
  • July 31 – Pisa and Genoa agree to a thirty-year truce. Part of the treaty includes the end of the Pisan support to Genoa's enemies, in particular in Corsica.[49]
  • November 1 – Håkon V Magnusson becomes king of Norway.
  • December 1 – Battle of Falconaria: Frederick II of Sicily defeats Philip I of Taranto.
  • The House of Holland becomes extinct. The County of Holland becomes part of a personal union with the County of Hainaut.
  • Early evidence is uncovered of the king of England borrowing from the Italian merchants. Edward I obtains a loan of 2,000 pollard marks, from agents of the Frescobaldi Firm in London.[50]

By topic[]

Markets[]
  • The city of Florence bans the use of Arabic numerals for commerce, allowing only Roman numerals.

Significant people[]

Births[]

Transcluding articles: 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, and 1299

1290

  • August 4 – Leopold I, Duke of Austria (d. 1326)
  • Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France (d. 1315)
  • Jean de Muris, French philosopher and mathematician (d. 1351)

1291

  • February 8 – King Afonso IV of Portugal (d. 1357)[51]
  • October 31 – Philippe de Vitry, French composer (d. 1361)
  • December 15 – Aymon, Count of Savoy (d. 1343)
  • Pope Clement VI, born Pierre Roger, French-born pontiff (d. 1352)
  • Margareta Ebner, German nun (d. 1351)
  • Theodore I, Marquis of Montferrat (d. 1338)

1292

  • January 20 – Elizabeth of Bohemia, queen consort of Bohemia (d. 1330)
  • January 29 – Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, polymath (d. 1350)
  • October 3 – Eleanor de Clare, English noblewoman (d. 1337)
  • date unknown – Henry Burghersh, English statesman and bishop (d. 1340)
  • probable
    • John VI Kantakouzenos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1383)
    • Elisenda of Montcada, queen consort and regent of Aragon (d. 1364)

1293

1294

1295

  • September 16 – Elizabeth de Clare, English noblewoman (d. 1360)
  • date unknown
    • Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)
    • John IV, Duke of Brittany (d. 1345)
    • Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1350)
    • Jean Buridan, French philosopher (d. 1363)[62]
  • probable
    • Reginald de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (d. 1361)
    • Joanna of Flanders, military leader in the War of the Breton Succession (approximate date; d. 1374)
    • Nicephorus Gregoras, Byzantine historian (approximate date; d. 1360)
    • Saint Roch, French saint (approximate date; d. 1327)

1296

  • August 10 – "Blind" King John I of Bohemia (d. 1346)[63]
  • December – Marjorie Bruce, Scottish princess, only daughter of Robert I of Scotland (d. 1316)[64]
  • date unknown
    • Charles of Taranto (d. 1315)[65]
    • Gregory Palamas, Archbishop of Thessalonica (d. 1359)[66]
    • Roland of Sicily, Italian nobleman (d. 1361)[67]
  • probable
    • Algirdas, ruler of Lithuania (d. 1377)[68]
    • Blanche of Burgundy, queen consort of France (d. 1326)[69]
    • Shi Naian, Chinese author (d. 1370)[70]
    • Tamagusuku, ruler of Chuzan[71]

1297

1298

  • December 12 – Albert II, Duke of Austria (d. 1358)
  • date unknown
    • Charles, Duke of Calabria, a grandson of Sicilian King Charles II of Naples (d. 1328)
    • Elisabeth of Carinthia, queen consort of Sicily (d. after 1347)
    • Abu'l-Qasim Ibn Juzayy al-Kalbi, Andalusian Islamic scholar (d. 1340)
    • Sir Andrew Murray, Scottish soldier (d. 1338)
  • probable – William Irvine, Scottish soldier

1299

  • date unknown
    • Alfonso IV of Aragon (d. 1366)
    • Pierre Bertrand de Colombier, French cardinal and diplomat (d. 1361)
    • Dmitri of Tver, Grand Prince of Vladimir (d. 1326)
    • Maria of Aragon, princess of Aragon (d. 1316)
  • probable
    • Ranulf Higdon, English chronicler (d. c. 1363)
    • Malatesta II Malatesta, Italian condottiero (d. 1364)
    • Nicholas of Autrecourt, French philosopher and theologian (d. 1369)

Deaths[]

Transcluding articles: 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, and 1299

1290

  • January 28 – Dervorguilla of Galloway, Scottish noble, mother of king John Balliol of Scotland (b. c. 1210)
  • May 10 – Rudolf II, Duke of Austria 1282–1283 (b. 1270)
  • June 8 – Beatrice Portinari, Italian object of Dante Alighieri's adoration (b. 1266)
  • June 23 – Henryk IV Probus, duke of Wrocław since 1266, and high duke of Kraków since 1268 (b. c. 1258)
  • July 10 – Ladislaus IV, king of Hungary since 1272 (b. 1262)
  • September 26 – Margaret, Maid of Norway, Queen of Scotland (b. 1283)
  • November 10 – Al-Mansur Qalawun, Sultan of Egypt since 1279 (b. c. 1222)
  • November 28 – Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I of England (b. 1241)
  • December 18 – Magnus III, king of Sweden since 1275 (b. 1240)
  • Patriarch Gregory II of Constantinople 1283–1289 (b. 1241)

1291

  • March 10 – Arghun, Mongol ruler in Persia
  • May 20 – Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari, Bukharan Sayyid Sufi saint
  • June 18 – King Alfonso III of Aragon (b. 1265)[72]
  • July 15 – Rudolf I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor, first Habsburg king (b. 1218)
  • Hong Dagu, Korean military leader (b. 1244)
  • Talabuga, Mongol khan of the Blue Horde from 1287, executed

1292

  • April 4 – Pope Nicholas IV, Italian pontiff (b. 1227)
  • May/June – Kertanegara, Last King of Singhasari
  • June 2 – Rhys ap Maredudd, Welsh nobleman and rebel leader
  • June? – Roger Bacon, English philosopher and scientist (b. c.1220?)
  • July 13 or July 16 – Jacobus de Voragine, Italian chronicler (b. 1230)
  • October 25 – Robert Burnell, Lord Chancellor of England
  • October/November – Marjorie of Carrick, 3rd Countess of Carrick (b. 1256)
  • December 8 – John Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury
  • date unknown – Vakhtang II of Georgia
  • approximate date

1293

  • May 2 – Meir of Rothenburg, German rabbi (b. c.1215)[73]
  • June 29 – Henry of Ghent, philosopher (b. c.1217)[74]
  • November 10 – Isabella de Forz, Countess of Devon (b. 1237)[75]
  • December 14 – Al-Ashraf Khalil, Mamluk sultan of Egypt (assassinated)[76]
  • date unknown
    • David VI Narin, King of Georgia (b. 1225)[77]
    • William of Rubruck, Flemish Franciscan missionary (approximate date; b. c.1220)[78]

1294

Kublai Khan

1295

  • April 25 – King Sancho IV of Castile (b. 1257)
  • August 12 – Charles Martel of Anjou (b. 1271)
  • October – Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia (b. 1238)
  • December 7 – Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, 6th Earl of Hertford, English politician (b. 1243)
  • December 20 – Margaret of Provence, queen of Louis IX of France (b. c. 1221)
  • date unknown – Guy of Charpigny
  • date unknown – Padishah Khatun, Mongolian poet, sovereign queen of Kirman (1291-95)

1296

1297

1298

  • January 2 – Lodomer, Hungarian archbishop
  • April 17 – Árni Þorláksson, Icelandic bishop (b. 1237)
  • June 11 – Yolanda of Poland, Hungarian princess (b. 1235)
  • July 2 – King Adolf of Germany (b. c. 1255)
  • July 13 or July 16 – Jacobus de Voragine, Italian chronicler and archbishop of Genoa
  • July 22 – Sir John de Graham, Scottish soldier at the Battle of Falkirk
  • July 23 – King Thoros III, King of Armenia (b. c. 1271)
  • August 29 – Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar (b. 1269)
  • September 11 – Philip of Artois, French soldier (b. 1269)
  • September 29 – Guido I da Montefeltro, Italian military strategist (b. 1223)
  • November 19 – Mechtilde, Saxon saint (b. c. 1240)
  • December 31 – Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford, English soldier (b. 1249)
  • date unknown
    • Archibald, Scottish prelate
    • Auhaduddin Kermani, Persian Sufi poet
    • Gerard of Lunel, French saint
    • William Houghton, Archbishop of Dublin
    • John of Procida, Italian physician and diplomat (b. 1210)
    • Mordecai ben Hillel, German rabbi (b. c. 1250)
    • Ram Khamhaeng, Thai king of Sukhothai (b. c. 1237)
    • Nino Visconti, ruler of Gallula
    • Emperor Smilets of Bulgaria
  • probable
    • William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas, Scottish warlord
    • Thomas Learmonth, Scottish minstrel

1299

  • May 10
    • Kyawswa of Pagan, deposed ruler of the Pagan Kingdom (born 1260)
    • Theingapati, heir to the Pagan Kingdom
  • May 17 – Daumantas of Pskov, Lithuanian prince (b. c. 1240)
  • July 15 – King Eric II of Norway (b. c. 1268)
  • August 1 – Conrad de Lichtenberg, Bishop of Strasbourg (b. 1240)
  • November 10 – John I, Count of Holland (b. 1284)
  • November 13 – Oliver Sutton, Bishop of Lincoln
  • December 9 – Bohemond I, Archbishop of Trier
  • December 31 – Margaret, Countess of Anjou (b. 1273)
  • date unknown
    • John Giffard, English baron (b. 1232)
    • Gottfried Hagen, German chronicler (b. 1230)
    • Nogai Khan, ruler of the Golden Horde
    • Zafar Khan, Indian military leader
    • Yakut al-Mustasim, Turkish secretary of the last Abbasid caliph

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