September 9

September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 113 days remain until the end of the year.

Events[]

Pre-1600[]

• 9 – Arminius' alliance of six Germanic tribes ambushes and annihilates three Roman legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
• 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.
• 533 – A Byzantine army of 15,000 men under Belisarius lands at Caput Vada (modern Tunisia) and marches to Carthage.
• 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.
• 1087 – William Rufus becomes King of England, taking the title William II, (reigned until 1100).
• 1141 – Yelü Dashi, the Liao dynasty general who founded the Qara Khitai, defeats the Seljuq and Kara-Khanid forces at the Battle of Qatwan.
• 1320 – In the Battle of Saint George, the Byzantines under Andronikos Asen ambush and defeat the forces of the Principality of Achaea, securing possession of Arcadia.
• 1488 – Anne becomes sovereign Duchess of Brittany, becoming a central figure in the struggle for influence that leads to the union of Brittany and France.
• 1493 – Battle of Krbava Field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire.
• 1493 – Christopher Columbus, with 17 ships and 1,200 men, sails on second voyage from Cadiz.^[1]
• 1499 – The citizens of Lisbon celebrate the triumphal return of the explorer Vasco de Gama, completing his two-year journey around the Cape of Good Hope to India.^[2]
• 1513 – James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in the Battle of Flodden, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai.
• 1543 – Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling.
• 1561 – The ultimately unsuccessful Colloquy of Poissy opens in an effort to reconcile French Catholics and Protestants.
• 1588 – Thomas Cavendish in his ship Desire enters Plymouth and completes the first deliberately planned voyage of circumnavigation.^[3]

1601–1900[]

• 1739 – Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in Britain's mainland North American colonies prior to the American Revolution, erupts near Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1776 – The Continental Congress officially names its union of states the United States.
• 1791 – Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, is named after President George Washington.
• 1801 – Alexander I of Russia confirms the privileges of Baltic provinces.
• 1839 – John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph.
• 1845 – Possible start of the Great Famine of Ireland.^[4][5]
• 1850 – California is admitted as the thirty-first U.S. state.
• 1850 – The Compromise of 1850 transfers a third of Texas's claimed territory (now parts of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming) to federal control in return for the U.S. federal government assuming $10 million of Texas's pre-annexation debt.
• 1855 – Crimean War: The Siege of Sevastopol comes to an end when Russian forces abandon the city.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
• 1892 – Amalthea, third closest and fifth found moon of Jupiter is discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard.

1901–present[]

• 1914 – World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army.
• 1922 – The Greco-Turkish War effectively ends with Turkish victory over the Greeks in Smyrna.
• 1923 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, founds the Republican People's Party.
• 1924 – Hanapepe massacre occurs on Kauai, Hawaii.
• 1936 – The crews of Portuguese Navy frigate NRP Afonso de Albuquerque and destroyer Dão mutinied against the Salazar dictatorship's support of General Franco's coup and declared their solidarity with the Spanish Republic.
• 1939 – World War II: The Battle of Hel begins, the longest-defended pocket of Polish Army resistance during the German invasion of Poland.
• 1939 – Burmese national hero U Ottama dies in prison after a hunger strike to protest Britain's colonial government.
• 1940 – George Stibitz pioneers the first remote operation of a computer.
• 1940 – Treznea Massacre in Transylvania.
• 1942 – World War II: A Japanese floatplane drops incendiary bombs on Oregon.
• 1943 – World War II: The Allies land at Salerno and Taranto, Italy.
• 1944 – World War II: The Fatherland Front takes power in Bulgaria through a military coup in the capital and armed rebellion in the country. A new pro-Soviet government is established.
• 1945 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Empire of Japan formally surrenders to China.
• 1947 – First case of a computer bug being found: A moth lodges in a relay of a Harvard Mark II computer at Harvard University.
• 1948 – Kim Il-sung declares the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).
• 1954 – The 6.7 M_w  Chlef earthquake shakes northern Algeria with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). At least 1,243 people were killed and 5,000 were injured.
• 1956 – Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show for the first time.
• 1965 – The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development is established.
• 1965 – Hurricane Betsy makes its second landfall near New Orleans, leaving 76 dead and $1.42 billion ($10–12 billion in 2005 dollars) in damages, becoming the first hurricane to cause over $1 billion in unadjusted damage.
• 1966 – The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act is signed into law by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.
• 1969 – In Canada, the Official Languages Act comes into force, making French equal to English throughout the Federal government.
• 1970 – A British airliner is hijacked by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and flown to Dawson's Field in Jordan.
• 1971 – The four-day Attica Prison riot begins, eventually resulting in 39 dead, most killed by state troopers retaking the prison.
• 1972 – In Kentucky's Mammoth Cave National Park, a Cave Research Foundation exploration and mapping team discovers a link between the Mammoth and Flint Ridge cave systems, making it the longest known cave passageway in the world.
• 1990 – Batticaloa massacre: Massacre of 184 Tamil civilians by the Sri Lankan Army in Batticaloa District.
• 1991 – Tajikistan declares independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1993 – Israeli–Palestinian peace process: The Palestine Liberation Organization officially recognizes Israel as a legitimate state.
• 1994 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on STS-64.^[6]
• 2001 – Ahmad Shah Massoud, leader of the Northern Alliance, is assassinated in Afghanistan by two al-Qaeda assassins who claimed to be Arab journalists wanting an interview.
• 2002 – The Rafiganj train wreck happened in Bihar, India.
• 2009 – The Dubai Metro, the first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula, is ceremonially inaugurated.
• 2012 – The Indian space agency puts into orbit its heaviest foreign satellite yet, in a streak of 21 consecutive successful PSLV launches.
• 2012 – A wave of attacks kill more than 100 people and injure 350 others across Iraq.
• 2015 – Elizabeth II became the longest reigning monarch of the United Kingdom.
• 2016 – The government of North Korea conducts its fifth and reportedly biggest nuclear test. World leaders condemn the act, with South Korea calling it "maniacal recklessness".

Births[]

Pre-1600[]

• 214/15 – Aurelian, Roman emperor (d. 275)^[7]
• 384 – Honorius, Roman emperor (d. 423)^[8]
• 1349 – Albert III, Duke of Austria (d. 1395)
• 1427 – Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English soldier and politician (d. 1464)
• 1466 – Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shōgun (d. 1523)
• 1558 – Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur (d. 1602)
• 1585 – Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal and politician (d. 1642)

1601–1900[]

• 1629 – Cornelis Tromp, Dutch general (d. 1691)^[9]
• 1700 – Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1780)
• 1711 – Thomas Hutchinson, English historian and politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1780)^[10]
• 1721 – Fredrik Henrik af Chapman, Swedish admiral and shipbuilder (d. 1808)
• 1731 – Francisco Javier Clavijero, Mexican priest, historian, and scholar (d. 1787)^[11]
• 1737 – Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist (d. 1798)^[12]
• 1754 – William Bligh, English admiral and politician, 4th Governor of New South Wales (d. 1817)^[13]
• 1755 – Benjamin Bourne, American judge and politician (d. 1808)^[14]
• 1777 – James Carr, American soldier and politician (d. 1818)
• 1778 – Clemens Brentano, German poet and author (d. 1842)^[15]
• 1789 – Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, Polish rabbi (d. 1866)
• 1807 – Richard Chenevix Trench, Irish-English archbishop and philologist (d. 1886)
• 1823 – Joseph Leidy, American paleontologist and academic (d. 1891)^[16]
• 1828 – Leo Tolstoy, Russian author and playwright (d. 1910)^[17]
• 1834 – Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English author (d. 1903)^[18]
• 1853 – Fred Spofforth, Australian-English cricketer and merchant (d. 1926)^[19]
• 1855 – Houston Stewart Chamberlain, English-German philosopher and author (d. 1927)^[20]
• 1863 – Herbert Henry Ball, English-Canadian journalist and politician (d. 1943)
• 1868 – Mary Hunter Austin, American author, poet, and critic (d. 1934)^[21]
• 1873 – Max Reinhardt, Austrian-born American theater and film director (d. 1943)^[22]
• 1876 – Frank Chance, American baseball player and manager (d. 1924)^[23]
• 1877 – James Agate, English journalist, author, and critic (d. 1947)^[24]
• 1878 – Adelaide Crapsey, American poet and critic (d. 1914)^[25]
• 1878 – Arthur Fox, English-American fencer (d. 1958)
• 1878 – Sergio Osmeña, Filipino lawyer and politician, 4th President of the Philippines (d. 1961)^[26]
• 1885 – Miriam Licette, English soprano and educator (d. 1969)
• 1887 – Alf Landon, American lieutenant, banker, and politician, 26th Governor of Kansas (d. 1987)^[27]
• 1882 – Clem McCarthy, American sportscaster (d. 1962)^[28]
• 1890 – Colonel Sanders, American businessman, founded KFC (d. 1980)^[29]
• 1894 – Arthur Freed, American composer and producer (d. 1973)^[30]
• 1894 – Humphrey Mitchell, Canadian trade union leader and politician, 14th Canadian Minister of Labour (d. 1950)^[31]
• 1894 – Bert Oldfield, Australian cricketer and soldier (d. 1976)^[32]
• 1898 – Frankie Frisch, American baseball player and manager (d. 1973)^[33]
• 1899 – Neil Hamilton, American stage, film and television actor (d. 1984)^[34]
• 1899 – Waite Hoyt, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1984)^[35]
• 1899 – Bruno E. Jacob, American academic, founded the National Forensic League (d. 1979)
• 1900 – James Hilton, English-American author and screenwriter (d. 1954)^[36]

1901–present[]

• 1903 – Lev Shankovsky, Ukrainian military historian (d. 1995)
• 1903 – Edward Upward, English author (d. 2009)^[37]
• 1903 – Phyllis A. Whitney, American author (d. 2008)^[38]
• 1904 – Feroze Khan, Indian-Pakistani field hockey player and coach (d. 2005)
• 1904 – Arthur Laing, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Canadian Minister of Veterans Affairs (d. 1975)
• 1905 – Joseph E. Levine, American film producer, founded Embassy Pictures (d. 1987)^[39]
• 1905 – Brahmarishi Hussain Sha, Indian philosopher and poet (d. 1981)
• 1906 – Ali Hadi Bara, Iranian-Turkish sculptor and educator (d. 1971)
• 1907 – Leon Edel, American author and critic (d. 1997)^[40]
• 1908 – Cesare Pavese, Italian poet and author (d. 1950)^[41]
• 1908 – Shigekazu Shimazaki, Japanese admiral (d. 1945)
• 1911 – Paul Goodman, American author, poet, and playwright (d. 1972)
• 1911 – John Gorton, Australian lieutenant and politician, 19th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2002)^[42]
• 1914 – John Passmore, Australian philosopher and academic (d. 2004)^[43]
• 1918 – Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, Italian lawyer and politician, 9th President of Italy (d. 2012)^[44]
• 1919 – Gottfried Dienst, Swiss footballer and referee (d. 1998)
• 1919 – Jimmy Snyder, American sportscaster (d. 1996)^[45]
• 1920 – Neil Chotem, Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2008)^[46]
• 1920 – Feng Kang, Chinese mathematician and physicist (d. 1993)^[47]
• 1920 – Robert Wood Johnson III, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1970)
• 1922 – Hoyt Curtin, American composer and producer (d. 2000)
• 1922 – Hans Georg Dehmelt, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)^[48]
• 1922 – Manolis Glezos, Greek journalist and politician (d. 2020)^[49]
• 1922 – Warwick Estevam Kerr, Brazilian geneticist, entomologist, and engineer (d. 2018)^[50]
• 1923 – Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)^[51]
• 1923 – Cliff Robertson, American actor (d. 2011)^[52]
• 1924 – Jane Greer, American actress (d. 2001)^[53]
• 1924 – Sylvia Miles, American actress (d. 2019)^[54]
• 1924 – Russell M. Nelson, American captain, surgeon, and religious leader^[55]
• 1924 – Rik Van Steenbergen, Belgian cyclist (d. 2003)^[56]
• 1926 – Louise Abeita, Isleta Pueblo (Native American) writer, poet, and educator (d. 2014)
• 1926 – Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Egyptian theologian and author^[57]
• 1927 – Elvin Jones, American drummer and bandleader (d. 2004)^[58]
• 1927 – Tatyana Zaslavskaya, Russian sociologist and economist (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Moses Anderson, American Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2013)^[59]
• 1928 – Sol LeWitt, American painter and sculptor (d. 2007)^[60]
• 1929 – Claude Nougaro, French singer-songwriter (d. 2004)^[61]
• 1930 – Francis Carroll, Australian archbishop^[62]
• 1931 – Robin Hyman, English author and publisher (d. 2017)
• 1931 – Zoltán Latinovits, Hungarian actor and author (d. 1976)
• 1931 – Ida Mae Martinez, American wrestler (d. 2010)^[63]
• 1931 – Shirley Summerskill, English physician and politician
• 1931 – Margaret Tyzack, English actress (d. 2011)^[64]
• 1932 – Carm Lino Spiteri, Maltese architect and politician (d. 2008)^[65]
• 1934 – Nicholas Liverpool, Dominican lawyer and politician, 6th President of Dominica (d. 2015)^[66]
• 1934 – Sonia Sanchez, American poet, playwright, and activist^[67]
• 1935 – Gopal Baratham, Singaporean neurosurgeon and author (d. 2002)
• 1935 – Nadim Sawalha, Jordanian-born English actor
• 1935 – Chaim Topol, Israeli actor, singer, and producer^[68]
• 1936 – William Bradshaw, Baron Bradshaw, English academic and politician
• 1938 – John Davis, English anthropologist and academic
• 1938 – Jay Ward, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2012)
• 1939 – Ron McDole, American football player
• 1940 – Hugh Morgan, Australian businessman
• 1940 – Joe Negroni, American doo-wop singer (d. 1978)
• 1941 – Syed Abid Ali, Indian cricketer
• 1941 – Otis Redding, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1967)^[69]
• 1941 – Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist, created the C programming language (d. 2011)^[70]
• 1942 – Inez Foxx, American singer^[71]
• 1942 – Danny Kalb, American singer and guitarist
• 1943 – Frank Clark, English footballer, manager and chairman
• 1945 – Ton van Heugten, Dutch motocross racer (d. 2008)^[72]
• 1945 – Dee Dee Sharp, American singer^[73]
• 1945 – Doug Ingle, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1946 – Jim Keays, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter (d. 2014)^[74]
• 1946 – Bruce Palmer, Canadian folk-rock bass player (d. 2004)^[75]
• 1947 – David Rosenboom, American composer and educator
• 1947 – Freddy Weller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1947 – T. M. Wright, American author, poet, and illustrator (d. 2015)
• 1949 – John Curry, English figure skater (d. 1994)^[76]
• 1949 – Daniel Pipes, American historian and author
• 1949 – Joe Theismann, American football player and sportscaster^[77]
• 1949 – Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Indonesian general and politician, 6th President of Indonesia^[78]
• 1950 – Gogi Alauddin, Pakistani squash player and coach
• 1950 – John McFee, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1951 – Alexander Downer, Australian economist and politician, 34th Minister of Foreign Affairs for Australia^[79]
• 1951 – Tom Wopat, American actor and singer
• 1952 – Angela Cartwright, English-born American actress, author, and singer^[80]
• 1952 – Per Jørgensen, Norwegian singer and trumpet player^[81]
• 1952 – David A. Stewart, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer^[82]
• 1953 – Janet Fielding, Australian actress^[83]
• 1955 – John Kricfalusi, Canadian voice actor, animator, director, and screenwriter^[84]
• 1957 – Pierre-Laurent Aimard, French pianist and educator
• 1959 – Tom Foley, American baseball player and coach
• 1959 – Éric Serra, French composer and producer
• 1960 – Hugh Grant, English actor and producer^[85]
• 1960 – Bob Hartley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1960 – Stefano Righi, Italian singer-songwriter, musician, record producer and actor
• 1960 – Bob Stoops, American football player and coach
• 1960 – Kimberly Willis Holt, American author^[86]
• 1963 – Chris Coons, American lawyer and politician^[87]
• 1963 – Roberto Donadoni, Italian footballer and manager
• 1963 – Neil Fairbrother, English cricketer^[88]
• 1964 – Aleksandar Hemon, Bosnian-American author and critic^[89]
• 1964 – Skip Kendall, American golfer
• 1965 – Dan Majerle, American basketball player and coach
• 1965 – Marcel Peeper, Dutch footballer
• 1966 – Georg Hackl, German luger and coach^[90]
• 1966 – Kevin Hatcher, American ice hockey player
• 1966 – Adam Sandler, American actor, screenwriter, and producer^[91]
• 1966 – Brian Smith, Australian-Irish rugby player and coach
• 1967 – B. J. Armstrong, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1967 – Chris Caffery, American singer-songwriter and guitarist^[92]
• 1967 – Mark Shrader, American wrestler^[93][94]
• 1967 – Akshay Kumar, Indian actor and producer^[95]
• 1968 – Jon Drummond, American sprinter and coach
• 1968 – Clive Mendonca, English footballer
• 1968 – Julia Sawalha, English actress
• 1969 – Rachel Hunter, New Zealand model and actress
• 1969 – Natasha Stott Despoja, Australian politician^[96]
• 1970 – Natalia Streignard, Spanish-Venezuelan actress^[97]
• 1971 – Eric Stonestreet, American actor
• 1971 – Henry Thomas, American actor and guitarist
• 1972 – Mike Hampton, American baseball player and coach
• 1972 – Natasha Kaplinsky, English journalist
• 1972 – Jakko Jan Leeuwangh, Dutch speed skater
• 1972 – Miriam Oremans, Dutch tennis player
• 1972 – Xavi Pascual, Spanish professional basketball coach
• 1972 – Félix Rodríguez, Dominican baseball player
• 1972 – Goran Višnjić, Croatian-American actor
• 1973 – Kazuhisa Ishii, Japanese baseball player
• 1974 – Vikram Batra, Indian captain (d. 1999)
• 1974 – Shane Crawford, Australian footballer and television host
• 1974 – Marcos Curiel, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1974 – Jun Kasai, Japanese wrestler
• 1974 – Gok Wan, English fashion stylist, author, and television host
• 1975 – Michael Bublé, Canadian singer-songwriter and actor
• 1975 – Anton Oliver, New Zealand rugby player
• 1976 – Emma de Caunes, French actress
• 1976 – El Intocable, Mexican wrestler
• 1976 – Hanno Möttölä, Finnish basketball player
• 1976 – Joey Newman, American composer and conductor
• 1976 – Aki Riihilahti, Finnish footballer and coach
• 1976 – Kristoffer Rygg, Norwegian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1977 – Kyle Snyder, American baseball player and coach
• 1977 – Fatih Tekke, Turkish footballer and manager
• 1978 – Kurt Ainsworth, American baseball player and businessman, co-founded Marucci Sports
• 1978 – Shane Battier, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1979 – Wayne Carlisle, Northern Irish footballer and coach
• 1979 – Nikki DeLoach, American actress and singer
• 1980 – Todd Coffey, American baseball player
• 1980 – Václav Drobný, Czech footballer (d. 2012)
• 1980 – David Fa'alogo, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1980 – Michelle Williams, American actress
• 1981 – Julie Gonzalo, Argentine-American actress
• 1982 – John Kuhn, American football player
• 1982 – Graham Onions, English cricketer
• 1982 – Ai Otsuka, Japanese singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress
• 1982 – Eugênio Rômulo Togni, Brazilian footballer
• 1983 – Vitolo, Spanish footballer
• 1983 – Kyle Davies, American baseball player
• 1983 – Edwin Jackson, American baseball player
• 1983 – Cleveland Taylor, English footballer
• 1984 – Jaouad Akaddar, Moroccan footballer (d. 2012)
• 1984 – Brad Guzan, American soccer player
• 1984 – James Hildreth, English cricketer
• 1984 – Michalis Sifakis, Greek footballer
• 1985 – Lior Eliyahu, Israeli basketball player^[98]
• 1985 – Martin Johnson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1985 – Luka Modrić, Croatian footballer
• 1985 – J. R. Smith, American basketball player
• 1986 – Michael Bowden, American baseball player
• 1986 – Chamu Chibhabha, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1986 – Luc Mbah a Moute, Cameroonian basketball player
• 1986 – Keith Yandle, American hockey player
• 1987 – Markus Jürgenson, Estonian footballer
• 1987 – Alexis Palisson, French rugby player
• 1987 – Andrea Petkovic, German tennis player
• 1987 – Afrojack, Dutch-Surinamese DJ, record producer, and remixer^[99]
• 1988 – Danilo D'Ambrosio, Italian footballer
• 1988 – Will Middlebrooks, American baseball player
• 1989 – Alfonzo Dennard, American football player
• 1989 – Casey Hayward, American football player
• 1990 – Shaun Johnson, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1990 – Haley Reinhart, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1990 – Andrew Smith, American basketball player (d. 2016)
• 1990 – Jordan Tabor, English footballer (d. 2014)
• 1991 – Lauren Daigle, American contemporary Christian music singer and songwriter^[100][101]
• 1991 – Hunter Hayes, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1991 – Oscar, Brazilian footballer
• 1991 – Danilo Pereira, Bissauan-Portuguese footballer
• 1992 – Shannon Boyd, Australian rugby league player
• 1992 – Damian McGinty, Northern Irish actor and singer
• 1992 – Kristiāns Pelšs, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2013)
• 1993 – Cameron Cullen, Australian rugby league player
• 1993 – Crazy Mary Dobson, American wrestler
• 1993 – Ryōhei Katō, Japanese gymnast
• 1993 – Sharon van Rouwendaal, Dutch swimmer
• 1994 – Clinton Gutherson, Australian rugby league player
• 1997 – Billy Bainbridge, Australian rugby league player

Deaths[]

Pre-1600[]

• 906 – Adalbert von Babenberg, Frankish nobleman
• 1000 – Olaf I, king of Norway
• 1031 – Gang Gam-chan, Korean general (b. 948)
• 1087 – William the Conqueror, English king (b. 1028)
• 1191 – Conrad II, duke of Bohemia
• 1271 – Yaroslav of Tver, Russian Grand Prince (b. 1230)
• 1282 – Ingrid of Skänninge, Swedish abbess and saint
• 1285 – Kunigunda of Halych, queen regent of Bohemia (b. 1245)
• 1398 – James I, king of Cyprus (b. 1334)
• 1435 – Robert Harling, English knight
• 1438 – Edward, king of Portugal (b. 1391)
• 1487 – Chenghua, emperor of China (b. 1447)
• 1488 – Francis II, duke of Brittany (b. 1433)
• 1513 – James IV, king of Scotland (b. 1473)
• 1513 – George Douglas, Scottish nobleman (b. 1469)
• 1513 – William Douglas of Glenbervie, Scottish nobleman (b. 1473)
• 1513 – William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose, Scottish politician (b. 1464)
• 1513 – George Hepburn, Scottish bishop
• 1513 – Adam Hepburn, 2nd Earl of Bothwell, Scottish politician, Lord High Admiral of Scotland
• 1513 – Adam Hepburn of Craggis, Scottish nobleman
• 1513 – David Kennedy, 1st Earl of Cassilis, Scottish soldier (b. 1478)
• 1513 – Alexander Lauder of Blyth, Scottish politician
• 1513 – Alexander Stewart, Scottish archbishop (b. 1493)
• 1513 – Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox, Scottish politician (b. 1488)
• 1569 – Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Dutch painter (b. 1525)
• 1583 – Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer and politician (b. 1539)
• 1596 – Anna Jagiellon, Polish queen (b. 1523)

1601–1900[]

• 1603 – George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire (b. 1547)
• 1611 – Eleanor de' Medici, Italian noblewoman (b. 1567)
• 1612 – Nakagawa Hidenari, Japanese daimyō (b. 1570)
• 1676 – Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, French soldier, founded Montreal (b. 1612)
• 1680 – Henry Marten, English lawyer and politician (b. 1602)
• 1755 – Johann Lorenz von Mosheim, German historian and author (b. 1694)
• 1806 – William Paterson, Irish-American judge and politician, 2nd Governor of New Jersey (b. 1745)
• 1815 – John Singleton Copley, American-English colonial and painter (b. 1738)
• 1834 – James Weddell, Belgian-English sailor and navigator (b. 1787)
• 1841 – Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Swiss botanist, mycologist, and academic (b. 1778)
• 1891 – Jules Grévy, French politician, 4th President of the French Republic (b. 1813)
• 1893 – Friedrich Traugott Kützing, German pharmacist, botanist and phycologist (b. 1807)
• 1898 – Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet and critic (b. 1842)

1901–present[]

• 1901 – Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter and illustrator (b. 1864)
• 1907 – Ernest Wilberforce, English bishop (b. 1840)
• 1909 – E. H. Harriman, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1848)
• 1910 – Lloyd Wheaton Bowers, American lawyer and politician, United States Solicitor General (b. 1859)
• 1915 – Albert Spalding, American baseball player, manager, and businessman, co-founded Spalding (b. 1850)
• 1934 – Roger Fry, English painter and critic (b. 1866)
• 1941 – Hans Spemann, German embryologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
• 1942 – Adele Kurzweil, Austrian Holocaust victim (b. 1925)
• 1943 – Carlo Bergamini, Italian admiral (b. 1888)
• 1943 – Charles McLean Andrews, American historian, author, and academic (b. 1863)
• 1945 – Max Ehrmann, American poet and lawyer (b. 1872)
• 1950 – Victor Hémery, French racing driver (b. 1876)
• 1955 – Carl Friedberg, German pianist and educator (b. 1872)
• 1958 – Charlie Macartney, Australian cricketer and soldier (b. 1886)
• 1959 – Ramón Fonst, Cuban fencer (b. 1883)^[102]
• 1960 – Jussi Björling, Swedish tenor (b. 1911)
• 1969 – Willy Mairesse, Belgian racing driver (b. 1928)
• 1975 – Johannes Brenner, Estonian footballer (b. 1906)
• 1975 – John McGiver, American actor (b. 1913)
• 1976 – Mao Zedong, Chinese philosopher, academic, and politician, 1st Chairman of the Communist Party of China (b. 1893)
• 1978 – Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish linguist, poet, and author (b. 1892)
• 1978 – Jack L. Warner, Canadian-American production manager and producer, co-founded Warner Bros. (b. 1892)
• 1979 – Norrie Paramor, English composer, conductor, and producer (b. 1914)
• 1980 – John Howard Griffin, American journalist and author (b. 1920)
• 1981 – Robert Askin, Australian sergeant and politician, 32nd Premier of New South Wales (b. 1907)
• 1981 – Jacques Lacan, French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist (b. 1901)
• 1985 – Neil Davis, Australian photographer and journalist (b. 1934)
• 1985 – Paul Flory, American chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
• 1985 – Antonino Votto, Italian conductor (b. 1896)
• 1986 – Magda Tagliaferro, Brazilian pianist and educator (b. 1893)
• 1990 – Nicola Abbagnano, Italian philosopher and academic (b. 1901)
• 1990 – Samuel Doe, Liberian field marshal and politician, 21st President of Liberia (b. 1951)
• 1990 – Alexander Men, Russian priest and scholar (b. 1930)
• 1993 – Larry Noble, English comedian and actor (b. 1914)
• 1993 – Helen O'Connell, American singer (b. 1920)
• 1994 – Patrick O'Neal, American actor (b. 1927)
• 1996 – Bill Monroe, American singer-songwriter (b. 1911)
• 1997 – Richie Ashburn, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1927)
• 1997 – John Hackett, Australian-English general and author (b. 1910)
• 1997 – Burgess Meredith, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)
• 1998 – Lucio Battisti, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1943)
• 1998 – Bill Cratty, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1951)
• 1999 – Arie de Vroet, Dutch footballer and manager (b. 1918)
• 1999 – Catfish Hunter, American baseball player (b. 1946)
• 1999 – Ruth Roman, American actress (b. 1922)
• 2000 – Julian Critchley, English lawyer and politician (b. 1930)
• 2001 – Ahmad Shah Massoud, Afghan commander and politician, Afghan Minister of Defense (b. 1953)
• 2003 – Edward Teller, Hungarian-American physicist and academic (b. 1908)
• 2003 – Don Willesee, Australian telegraphist and politician, 29th Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1916)
• 2004 – Ernie Ball, American guitarist and businessman (b. 1930)
• 2004 – Caitlin Clarke, American actress (b. 1952)
• 2006 – Gérard Brach, French director and screenwriter (b. 1927)
• 2006 – Richard Burmer, American composer and engineer (b. 1955)
• 2006 – Matt Gadsby, English footballer (b. 1979)
• 2006 – William Bernard Ziff Jr., American businessman, founded Ziff Davis (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Verghese Kurien, Indian engineer and businessman, founded Amul (b. 1921)
• 2012 – John McCarthy, Australian footballer (b. 1989)
• 2012 – Mike Scarry, American football player and coach (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Ron Tindall, English footballer and manager (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Sunila Abeysekera, Sri Lankan scholar and activist (b. 1952)
• 2013 – Alberto Bevilacqua, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Saul Landau, American journalist, director, and author (b. 1936)
• 2014 – Montserrat Abelló i Soler, Spanish poet and translator (b. 1918)
• 2014 – Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Graham Joyce, English author and educator (b. 1954)^[103]
• 2015 – Annemarie Bostroem, German poet, playwright, and songwriter (b. 1922)
• 2015 – Einar H. Ingman Jr., American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1929)
• 2015 – K. Kunaratnam, Sri Lankan physicist and academic (b. 1934)

Holidays and observances[]

• Christian feast day:
  • Charles Lowder (Church of England)
  • Ciarán of Clonmacnoise
  • Constance, Nun, and her Companions (Episcopal Church)
  • Our Lady of Arantzazu (Oñati)
  • Peter Claver
  • Synaxis of Ss. Joachim and Anna, an Afterfeast. (Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches)
  • September 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Armored Forces Day (Ukraine)
• California Admission Day (California, United States)
• Children's Day (Costa Rica)
• Chrysanthemum Day or Kiku no Sekku (Japan)
• Day of the Victims of Holocaust and of Racial Violence (Slovakia)
• Emergency Services Day (United Kingdom)
• Independence Day or Republic Day, celebrates the proclamation of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) in 1948.
• Independence Day (Tajikistan), celebrates the independence of Tajikistan from USSR in 1991.
• Martyrs' Day (Afghanistan) (date may fall on September 8, follows a non-Gregorian calendar, see List of observances set by the Solar Hijri calendar)
• Remembrance for Herman the Cheruscan (The Troth)

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to September 9.

• "On This Day". BBC.
• The New York Times: On This Day

• "Historical Events on September 9". OnThisDay.com.
• "Today in Canadian History". Canada Channel.