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February 17

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February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 317 days remain until the end of the year (318 in leap years).

Events[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 1370Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau.[1]
  • 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of Bayezid I, becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire with the support of Mircea I of Wallachia.[2]
  • 1500 – Duke Friedrich and Duke Johann attempt to subdue the peasantry of Dithmarschen, Denmark, in the Battle of Hemmingstedt.[3]
  • 1600 – On his way to be burned at the stake for heresy, at Campo de' Fiori in Rome, the philosopher Giordano Bruno has a wooden vise put on his tongue to prevent him continuing to speak.[4]

1601–1900[]

  • 1621Myles Standish is appointed as first military commander of the English Plymouth Colony in North America.
  • 1676 – Sixteen men of Pascual de Iriate's expedition are lost at Evangelistas Islets at the western end of the Strait of Magellan.[5]
  • 1739 – The Battle of Vasai commences as the Marathas move to invade Portuguese-occupied territory.
  • 1753 – In Sweden February 17 is followed by March 1 as the country moves from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar.[6]
  • 18011800 United States presidential election: An tie in the Electoral College between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr is resolved when Jefferson is elected President of the United States and Burr Vice President by the United States House of Representatives.
  • 1814War of the Sixth Coalition: The Battle of Mormant.
  • 1819 – The United States House of Representatives passes the Missouri Compromise for the first time.
  • 1838Weenen massacre: Hundreds of Voortrekkers along the Blaukraans River, Natal are killed by Zulus.
  • 1854 – The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Orange Free State.
  • 1859Cochinchina Campaign: The French Navy captures the Citadel of Saigon, a fortress manned by 1,000 Nguyễn dynasty soldiers, en route to conquering Saigon and other regions of southern Viet Nam.
  • 1863 – A group of citizens of Geneva found an International Committee for Relief to the Wounded, which later became known as the International Committee of the Red Cross.
  • 1864American Civil War: The H. L. Hunley becomes the first submarine to engage and sink a warship, the USS Housatonic.
  • 1865 – American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina, is burned as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces.
  • 1867 – The first ship passes through the Suez Canal.

1901–present[]

  • 1913 – The Armory Show opens in New York City, displaying works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.[7]
  • 1919 – The Ukrainian People's Republic asks the Entente and the US for help fighting the Bolsheviks.
  • 1944World War II: The Battle of Eniwetok begins. The battle ends in an American victory on February 22.[8]
  • 1944 – World War II: Operation Hailstone begins: U.S. naval air, surface, and submarine attack against Truk Lagoon, Japan's main base in the central Pacific, in support of the Eniwetok invasion.
  • 1949Chaim Weizmann begins his term as the first President of Israel.[9]
  • 1959Project Vanguard: Vanguard 2: The first weather satellite is launched to measure cloud-cover distribution.
  • 1959 – A Turkish Airlines Vickers Viscount crashes near Gatwick Airport, killing 14; Turkish prime minister Adnan Menderes survives the crash.[10]
  • 1964 – In Wesberry v. Sanders the Supreme Court of the United States rules that congressional districts have to be approximately equal in population.
  • 1964 – Gabonese president Léon M'ba is toppled by a coup and his rival, Jean-Hilaire Aubame, is installed in his place.
  • 1965Project Ranger: The Ranger 8 probe launches on its mission to photograph the Mare Tranquillitatis region of the Moon in preparation for the manned Apollo missions. Mare Tranquillitatis or the "Sea of Tranquility" would become the site chosen for the Apollo 11 lunar landing.
  • 1969 – American aquanaut Berry L. Cannon dies of carbon dioxide poisoning while attempting to repair a leak in the SEALAB III underwater habitat. The SEALAB project was subsequently abandoned.[11]
  • 1970Jeffrey R. MacDonald, United States Army captain, is charged with murder of his pregnant wife and two daughters.[12]
  • 1972 – Cumulative sales of the Volkswagen Beetle exceed those of the Ford Model T.
  • 1974Robert K. Preston, a disgruntled U.S. Army private, buzzes the White House in a stolen helicopter.
  • 1978The Troubles: The Provisional IRA detonates an incendiary bomb at the La Mon restaurant, near Belfast, killing 12 and seriously injuring 30 others, all Protestants.
  • 1979 – The Sino-Vietnamese War begins.
  • 1980 – First winter ascent of Mount Everest by Krzysztof Wielicki and Leszek Cichy.
  • 1991Ryan International Airlines Flight 590 crashes during takeoff from Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, killing both pilots, the aircraft's only occupants.[13]
  • 1992First Nagorno-Karabakh War: Armenian troops massacre more than 20 Azerbaijani civilians during the Capture of Garadaghly.
  • 1995 – The Cenepa War between Peru and Ecuador ends on a ceasefire brokered by the UN.
  • 1996 – In Philadelphia, world champion Garry Kasparov beats the Deep Blue supercomputer in a chess match.
  • 1996 – NASA's Discovery Program begins as the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft lifts off on the first mission ever to orbit and land on an asteroid, 433 Eros.
  • 1996 – The 8.2 MwBiak earthquake shakes the Papua province of eastern Indonesia with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). A large tsunami followed, leaving one-hundred sixty-six people dead or missing and 423 injured.
  • 2006 – A massive mudslide occurs in Southern Leyte, Philippines; the official death toll is set at 1,126.
  • 2008Kosovo declares independence from Serbia.
  • 2011Arab Spring: Libyan protests against Muammar Gaddafi's regime begin.
  • 2011 – Arab Spring: In Bahrain, security forces launch a deadly pre-dawn raid on protesters in Pearl Roundabout in Manama; the day is locally known as Bloody Thursday.
  • 2015 – Eighteen people are killed and 78 injured in a stampede at a Mardi Gras parade in Haiti.
  • 2016 – Military vehicles explode outside a Turkish Armed Forces barracks in Ankara, Turkey, killing at least 29 people and injuring 61 others.

Births[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 624Wu Zetian, Chinese empress consort (d. 705)
  • 1028Al-Juwayni, Persian scholar and imam (d. 1085)
  • 1490Charles III, duke of Bourbon (d. 1527)[14]
  • 1519Francis, French Grand Chamberlain (d. 1563)[15]
  • 1524Charles de Lorraine, French cardinal (d. 1574)[16]

1601–1900[]

  • 1646Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert, French economist (d. 1714)[17]
  • 1653Arcangelo Corelli, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1713)[18]
  • 1723Tobias Mayer, German astronomer and academic (d. 1762)
  • 1740Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, Swiss physicist and meteorologist (d. 1799)[19]
  • 1752Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, German author and playwright (d. 1831)
  • 1754Nicolas Baudin, French cartographer and explorer (d. 1803)
  • 1758John Pinkerton, Scottish antiquarian, cartographer, author, numismatist and historian (d. 1826)
  • 1762John Cooke, English captain (d. 1805)[20]
  • 1781René Laennec, French physician, invented the stethoscope (d. 1826)[21]
  • 1796Philipp Franz von Siebold, German physician and botanist (d. 1866)
  • 1817Édouard Thilges, Luxembourgian jurist and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1904)
  • 1820Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian violinist and composer (d. 1881)[22]
  • 1821Lola Montez, Irish-American actress and dancer (d. 1861)[23]
  • 1832Richard Henry Park, American sculptor (d. 1902)
  • 1836Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, Spanish author, poet, and playwright (d. 1870)
  • 1843Aaron Montgomery Ward, American businessman, founded Montgomery Ward (d. 1913)
  • 1848Louisa Lawson, Australian poet and publisher (d. 1920)
  • 1854Friedrich Alfred Krupp, German businessman (d. 1902)
  • 1861Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont, duchess of Albany (d. 1922)[24]
  • 1862Mori Ōgai, Japanese general, author, and poet (d. 1922)
  • 1864Jozef Murgaš, Slovak priest, botanist, and painter (d. 1929)
  • 1864 – Banjo Paterson, Australian journalist, author, and poet (d. 1941)[25]
  • 1874Thomas J. Watson, American businessman (d. 1956)
  • 1877Isabelle Eberhardt, Swiss explorer and author (d. 1904)[26]
  • 1877 – André Maginot, French sergeant and politician (d. 1932)
  • 1879Dorothy Canfield Fisher, American educational reformer, social activist and author (d. 1958)[27]
  • 1881Mary Carson Breckinridge, American nurse midwife, founded Frontier Nursing Service (d. 1965)
  • 1887Joseph Bech, Luxembourgian lawyer and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1975)
  • 1887 – Leevi Madetoja, Finnish composer and critic (d. 1947)
  • 1888Otto Stern, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1969)
  • 1890Ronald Fisher, English-Australian statistician, biologist, and geneticist (d. 1962)
  • 1891Abraham Fraenkel, German-Israeli mathematician and academic (d. 1965)
  • 1893Wally Pipp, American baseball player and journalist (d. 1965)
  • 1899Jibanananda Das, Bangladeshi-Indian poet and author (d. 1954)
  • 1900Ruth Clifford, American actress (d. 1998)

1901–present[]

  • 1903Sadegh Hedayat, Iranian-French author and translator (d. 1951)
  • 1904Hans Morgenthau, German-American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (d. 1980)
  • 1905Ruth Baldwin, British socialite (d. 1937)[28]
  • 1905 – Rózsa Politzer, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1977)[29]
  • 1906Mary Brian, American actress (d. 2002)
  • 1908Bo Yibo, Chinese general and politician, Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 2007)
  • 1910Marc Lawrence, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2005)
  • 1911Oskar Seidlin, German-American author, poet, and scholar (d. 1984)
  • 1912Andre Norton, American author (d. 2005)
  • 1914Arthur Kennedy, American actor (d. 1990)
  • 1916Alexander Obolensky, Russian rugby player and pilot (d. 1940)
  • 1916 – Don Tallon, Australian cricketer (d. 1984)
  • 1916 – Raf Vallone, Italian footballer and actor (d. 2002)
  • 1918William Bronk, American poet and academic (d. 1999)
  • 1918 – Jacqueline Ferrand, French mathematician (d. 2014)
  • 1919J. M. S. Careless, Canadian historian and academic (d. 2009)
  • 1919 – Kathleen Freeman, American actress and singer (d. 2001)
  • 1919 – Joe Hunt, American tennis player (d. 1945)[30]
  • 1920Ivo Caprino, Norwegian director and screenwriter (d. 2001)
  • 1920 – Annie Castor, American disability and communication disorder advocate (d. 2020)
  • 1920 – Curt Swan, American illustrator (d. 1996)[31]
  • 1921Duane Gish, American biochemist and academic (d. 2013)[32]
  • 1922Tommy Edwards, American R&B singer-songwriter (d. 1969)
  • 1923Buddy DeFranco, American clarinet player and bandleader (d. 2014)
  • 1924Margaret Truman, American singer and author (d. 2008)[33]
  • 1925Ron Goodwin, English composer and conductor (d. 2003)
  • 1925 – Hal Holbrook, American actor and director (d. 2021)[34]
  • 1928Marta Romero, Puerto Rican actress and singer (d. 2013)
  • 1928 – Michiaki Takahashi, Japanese virologist (d. 2013)[35]
  • 1929Alejandro Jodorowsky, Chilean-French director and screenwriter
  • 1929 – Chaim Potok, American rabbi and author (d. 2002)[36]
  • 1929 – Nicholas Ridley, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale, English lieutenant and politician, Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills (d. 1993)
  • 1929 – Patricia Routledge, English actress and singer
  • 1930Roger Craig, American baseball player, coach, and manager
  • 1930 – Benjamin Fain, Ukrainian-Israeli physicist and academic (d. 2013)
  • 1930 – Ruth Rendell, English author (d. 2015)
  • 1931Jiřina Jirásková, Czech actress and singer (d. 2013)
  • 1931 – Buddy Ryan, American football coach (d. 2016)
  • 1933Craig L. Thomas, American captain and politician (d. 2007)
  • 1934 – Sir Alan Bates, English actor (d. 2003)[37]
  • 1934 – Barry Humphries (Dame Edna Everage), Australian comedian, actor, and author[38]
  • 1936Jim Brown, American football player and actor[38]
  • 1937Mary Ann Mobley, American model and actress, Miss America 1959 (d. 2014)
  • 1940Vicente Fernández, Mexican singer-songwriter, actor, and producer (d. 2021)[39][40]
  • 1941Julia McKenzie, English actress, singer, and director
  • 1941 – Gene Pitney, American singer-songwriter (d. 2006)[41]
  • 1942Huey P. Newton, American activist, co-founded the Black Panther Party (d. 1989)
  • 1944Karl Jenkins, Welsh saxophonist, keyboard player, and composer[42]
  • 1945Zina Bethune, American actress, dancer, and choreographer (d. 2012)
  • 1945 – Brenda Fricker, Irish actress[38]
  • 1946Shahrnush Parsipur, Iranian-American author and academic
  • 1948José José, Mexican singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2019)
  • 1949Fred Frith, English guitarist and songwriter[43]
  • 1949 – Dennis Green, American football player and coach (d. 2016)
  • 1951Rashid Minhas, Pakistani soldier and pilot (d. 1971)
  • 1952Karin Büttner-Janz, German gymnast and physician
  • 1952 – Vladimír Padrůněk, Czech bass player (d. 1991)
  • 1954Lou Ann Barton, American blues singer-songwriter
  • 1954 – Miki Berkovich, Israeli basketball player
  • 1954 – Rene Russo, American actress[38]
  • 1955Mo Yan, Chinese author and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
  • 1956Richard Karn, American actor and game show host
  • 1957Loreena McKennitt, Canadian singer-songwriter, accordion player, and pianist
  • 1959Aryeh Deri, Moroccan-Israeli rabbi and politician, Israeli Minister of Internal Affairs
  • 1959 – Rowdy Gaines, American swimmer and sportscaster[44]
  • 1960Lindy Ruff, Canadian hockey player and coach
  • 1961Angela Eagle, English politician, Shadow Leader of the House of Commons
  • 1961 – Maria Eagle, English politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence
  • 1961 – Andrey Korotayev, Russian anthropologist, historian, and sociologist
  • 1962Lou Diamond Phillips, American actor and director[38]
  • 1963Larry the Cable Guy, American comedian and voice actor
  • 1963 – Alison Hargreaves, English mountaineer (d. 1995)[45]
  • 1963 – Jen-Hsun Huang, Taiwanese-American businessman, co-founded Nvidia
  • 1963 – Michael Jordan, American basketball player and actor[38]
  • 1964Sherry Hawco, Canadian gymnast (d. 1991)[46]
  • 1965Michael Bay, American director and producer[47]
  • 1965 – Danny Lee, Australian rugby league player
  • 1966Quorthon, Swedish guitarist and songwriter (d. 2004)
  • 1966 – Luc Robitaille, Canadian ice hockey player, manager, and actor[48]
  • 1968Wu'erkaixi, Chinese journalist and activist
  • 1968 – Giuseppe Signori, Italian footballer
  • 1969David Douillet, French martial artist and politician
  • 1969 – Vasily Kudinov, Russian handball player (d. 2017)
  • 1970Dominic Purcell, English-born Irish-Australian actor and producer
  • 1971Denise Richards, American model and actress[38]
  • 1972Billie Joe Armstrong, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and producer (Green Day)
  • 1972 – Philippe Candeloro, French figure skater[49]
  • 1972 – Taylor Hawkins, American singer-songwriter and drummer (Foo Fighters) (d. 2022)[50]
  • 1972 – Valeria Mazza, Argentinian model and businesswoman
  • 1972 – Lars-Göran Petrov, Swedish singer and drummer (d. 2021)
  • 1973Goran Bunjevčević, Serbian FR Yugoslavia international footballer (d. 2018)[51]
  • 1973 – Raphaël Ibañez, French rugby player
  • 1974Kaoru, Japanese guitarist, songwriter, and producer
  • 1974 – Jerry O'Connell, American actor, director, and producer
  • 1975Václav Prospal, Czech ice hockey player
  • 1978Rory Kinnear, English actor and playwright
  • 1980Al Harrington, American basketball player
  • 1980 – Klemi Saban, Israeli footballer
  • 1981Joseph Gordon-Levitt, American actor, director, and producer[38]
  • 1981 – Paris Hilton, American model, media personality, actress, singer, DJ, author and businesswoman[38]
  • 1981 – Pontus Segerström, Swedish footballer (d. 2014)
  • 1982Adriano, Brazilian footballer
  • 1982 – Brian Bruney, American baseball player[52]
  • 1983Kevin Rudolf, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
  • 1984AB de Villiers, South African cricketer
  • 1984 – Katie Hill, Australian 3.0 point wheelchair basketball player
  • 1984 – Marcin Gortat, Polish basketball player
  • 1985Anders Jacobsen, Norwegian ski jumper
  • 1988Vasyl Lomachenko, Ukrainian boxer
  • 1989Rebecca Adlington, English swimmer[53]
  • 1989 – Chord Overstreet, American actor and singer
  • 1990Marianne St-Gelais, Canadian speed skater
  • 1991Ed Sheeran, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer[38]
  • 1993Nicola Leali, Italian footballer
  • 1993 – Marc Márquez, Spanish motorcycle racer

Deaths[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 364Jovian, Roman emperor (b. 331)[54]
  • 440Mesrop Mashtots, Armenian monk, linguist, and theologian (b. 360)[55]
  • 923Al-Tabari, Persian scholar (b. 839)
  • 1178Evermode of Ratzeburg, bishop of Ratzeburg
  • 1220Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine
  • 1339Otto, Duke of Austria (b. 1301)
  • 1371Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
  • 1500Adolph, Count of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst, German noble (b. before 1463)
  • 1600Giordano Bruno, Italian mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher (b. 1548)

1601–1900[]

  • 1609Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1549)
  • 1624Juan de Mariana, Spanish priest and historian (b. 1536)
  • 1659Abel Servien, French politician, French Minister of Finance (b. 1593)
  • 1673Molière, French actor and playwright (b. 1622)
  • 1680Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles, English politician (b. 1599)
  • 1680 – Jan Swammerdam, Dutch biologist, zoologist, and entomologist (b. 1637)
  • 1715Antoine Galland, French orientalist and archaeologist (b. 1646)
  • 1732Louis Marchand, French organist and composer (b. 1669)
  • 1768Arthur Onslow, English lawyer and politician, Speaker of the House of Commons (b. 1691)
  • 1841Ferdinando Carulli, Italian guitarist and composer (b. 1770)
  • 1849María de las Mercedes Barbudo, Puerto Rican political activist, the first woman Independentista in the island (b. 1773)
  • 1854John Martin, English painter, engraver, and illustrator (b. 1789)
  • 1856Heinrich Heine, German journalist and poet (b. 1797)
  • 1874Adolphe Quetelet, Belgian astronomer, mathematician, and sociologist (b. 1796)
  • 1890Christopher Latham Sholes, American publisher and politician (b. 1819)

1901–present[]

  • 1905William Bickerton, English-American religious leader, leader in the Latter Day Saint movement (b. 1815)
  • 1909Geronimo, American tribal leader (b. 1829)
  • 1912Edgar Evans, Welsh sailor and explorer (b. 1876)
  • 1919Wilfrid Laurier, Canadian lawyer and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1841)
  • 1924Oskar Merikanto, Finnish composer (b. 1868)[56]
  • 1934Albert I of Belgium (b. 1875)
  • 1934 – Siegbert Tarrasch, German chess player and theoretician (b. 1862)
  • 1939Willy Hess, German violinist and educator (b. 1859)
  • 1946Dorothy Gibson, American actress and singer (b. 1889)
  • 1961Lütfi Kırdar, Turkish physician and politician, Turkish Minister of Health (b. 1887)
  • 1961 – Nita Naldi, American actress (b. 1894)
  • 1962Joseph Kearns, American actor (b. 1907)
  • 1962 – Bruno Walter, German-American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1876)
  • 1966Hans Hofmann, German-American painter (b. 1880)
  • 1969Berry L. Cannon, American aquanaut (b. 1935)[11]
  • 1970Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Ukrainian-Israeli novelist, short story writer, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
  • 1970 – Alfred Newman, American composer and conductor (b. 1900)
  • 1972Friday Hassler, American race car driver (b. 1935)[57]
  • 1977Janani Luwum, Ugandan archbishop and saint (b. 1922)
  • 1979William Gargan, American actor (b. 1905)
  • 1982Nestor Chylak, American baseball player and umpire (b. 1922)
  • 1982 – Thelonious Monk, American pianist and composer (b. 1917)
  • 1982 – Lee Strasberg, American actor and director (b. 1901)
  • 1986Jiddu Krishnamurti, Indian-American philosopher and author (b. 1895)
  • 1988John M. Allegro, English archaeologist and scholar (b. 1923)
  • 1988 – Karpoori Thakur, Indian educator and politician, 11th Chief Minister of Bihar (b. 1924)
  • 1989Lefty Gomez, American baseball player (b. 1908)
  • 1990Jean-Marc Boivin, French mountaineer, skier, and pilot (b. 1951)
  • 1994Randy Shilts, American journalist and author (b. 1951)
  • 1998Ernst Jünger, German soldier, philosopher, and author (b. 1895)
  • 2003Steve Bechler, American baseball player (b. 1979)
  • 2004José López Portillo, Mexican lawyer and politician, 51st President of Mexico (b. 1920)[58]
  • 2005Dan O'Herlihy, Irish-American actor (b. 1919)
  • 2005 – Omar Sívori, Argentinian footballer and manager (b. 1935)
  • 2006Ray Barretto, American drummer (b. 1929)
  • 2006 – Bill Cowsill, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1948)
  • 2009Conchita Cintrón, Chilean bullfighter and journalist (b. 1922)
  • 2010Kathryn Grayson, American actress and singer (b. 1922)
  • 2012Robert Carr, English engineer and politician, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1916)
  • 2012 – Michael Davis, American singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1943)
  • 2012 – Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn, Dutch mathematician and theorist (b. 1918)
  • 2012 – Ulric Neisser, German-American psychologist and academic (b. 1928)
  • 2013Richard Briers, English actor (b. 1934)
  • 2013 – Shmulik Kraus, Israeli singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1935)
  • 2013 – Sophie Kurys, American baseball player (b. 1925)
  • 2013 – Mindy McCready, American singer-songwriter (b. 1975)
  • 2014Bob Casale, American guitarist, keyboard player, and producer (b. 1952)
  • 2014 – Peter Florin, German politician and diplomat, President of the United Nations General Assembly (b. 1921)
  • 2014 – Wayne Smith, Jamaican singer (b. 1965)
  • 2015John Barrow, American-Canadian football player and manager (b. 1935)
  • 2015 – Cathy Ubels-Veen, Dutch politician (b. 1928)
  • 2015 – Liu Yudi, Chinese general and pilot (b. 1923)
  • 2016Andy Ganteaume, Trinidadian cricketer (b. 1921)
  • 2016 – Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, Egyptian journalist (b. 1923)
  • 2016 – Claude Jeancolas, French historian, author, and journalist (b. 1949)
  • 2016 – Tony Phillips, American baseball player (b. 1959)
  • 2016 – Andrzej Żuławski, Polish film director (b. 1940)
  • 2017Robert H. Michel, American politician (b. 1923)
  • 2017 – Michael Novak, American Roman Catholic theologian (b. 1933)
  • 2021Rush Limbaugh, American talk show host and author (b. 1951)[59]
  • 2021 – Seif Sharif Hamad, Tanzanian politician (b. 1943)[60]

Holidays and observances[]

References[]

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  12. ^ Jeffrey MacDonald again seeks release from prison. A primer on the infamous NC crime.[1]
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