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October 2

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October 2 is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 90 days remain until the end of the year.

Events[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.[1]
  • 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and other Frankish dukes.[2]
  • 1263 – The Battle of Largs is fought between Norwegians and Scots.[3]
  • 1470 – The Earl of Warwick's rebellion forces King Edward IV of England to flee to the Netherlands,[4] restoring Henry VI to the throne.[5]
  • 1552 – Russo-Kazan Wars: Russian troops enter Kazan.[6]

1601–1900[]

  • 1780 – American Revolutionary War: John André, a British Army officer, is hanged as a spy by the Continental Army.[7]
  • 1789 – The United States Bill of Rights is sent to the various States for ratification.[8]
  • 1835 – Texas Revolution: Mexican troops attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.[9]
  • 1864 – American Civil War: Confederates defeat a Union attack on Saltville, Virginia. A massacre of wounded Union prisoners ensues.[10]
  • 1870 – By plebiscite, the citizens of the Papal States accept annexation by the Kingdom of Italy.[11]

1901–present[]

  • 1928 – The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, is founded.[12][13]
  • 1937 – Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of Haitians living in the border region of the Dominican Republic.[14]
  • 1942 – World War II: Ocean Liner RMS Queen Mary accidentally rams and sinks HMS Curacoa, killing over 300 crewmen aboard Curacoa.[15]
  • 1944 – World War II: German troops end the Warsaw Uprising.[16]
  • 1958 – Guinea declares its independence from France.[17]
  • 1967 – Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of the United States Supreme Court.[17]
  • 1968 – Mexican President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz orders soldiers to suppress a demonstration of unarmed students, ten days before the start of the 1968 Summer Olympics.[18]
  • 1970 – An aircraft carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado, killing 31 people.[19]
  • 1971 – South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu is re-elected in a one-man election.[20]
  • 1980 – Michael Myers becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be expelled since the Civil War.[21]
  • 1990 – Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301 is hijacked and lands at Guangzhou, where it crashes into two other airliners on the ground, killing 132.[22]
  • 1992 – Military police storm the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil during a prison riot. The resulting massacre leaves 111 prisoners dead.[23]
  • 1996 – Aeroperú Flight 603 crashes into the ocean near Peru, killing all 70 people on board.[24]
  • 1996 – The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.[25]
  • 2002 – The Beltway sniper attacks begin in Washington, D.C., extending over three weeks and killing 10 people.[26]
  • 2004 – The first parkrun, then known as the Bushy Park Time Trial, takes place in Bushy Park, London, UK.[27]
  • 2006 – Five Amish girls are murdered in a shooting at a school in Pennsylvania, United States.[28]
  • 2007 – President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea goes to North Korea for an Inter-Korean summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il.[29]
  • 2016 – Ethiopian protests break out during a festival in the Oromia region, killing dozens of people.[30]
  • 2018 – The Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi is assassinated in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Turkey.[31]

Births[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 1452 – Richard III of England (d. 1485)[32]
  • 1470 – Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal, Daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (d. 1498)[33]
  • 1527 – William Drury, English politician (d. 1579)[34]
  • 1538 – Charles Borromeo, Italian cardinal and saint (d. 1584)[35]

1601–1900[]

  • 1718 – Elizabeth Montagu, English author and critic (d. 1800)[36]
  • 1768 – William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, English general and politician (d. 1854)[37]
  • 1798 – Charles Albert, King of Sardinia (1831–49) (d. 1849)[38]
  • 1800 – Nat Turner, American slave and uprising leader (d. 1831)[39]
  • 1815 – James Agnew, Irish-Australian politician, Premier of Tasmania (d. 1901)[40]
  • 1821 – Alexander P. Stewart, American general (d. 1908)[41]
  • 1828 – Charles Floquet, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1896)[42]
  • 1832 – Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (d. 1917)[43]
  • 1847 – Paul von Hindenburg, German field marshal and politician, 2nd President of Germany (d. 1934)[44]
  • 1851 – Ferdinand Foch, French field marshal (d. 1929)[45]
  • 1852 – William Ramsay, Scottish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)[46]
  • 1854 – Patrick Geddes, Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, and philanthropist (d. 1932)[47]
  • 1866 – Swami Abhedananda, Indian mystic and philosopher (d. 1939)[48]
  • 1869 – Mahatma Gandhi, Indian freedom fighter, activist and philosopher (d. 1948)[17]
  • 1871 – Cordell Hull, American politician, United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)[17]
  • 1871 – Martha Brookes Hutcheson, American landscaper and author (d. 1959)[49]
  • 1873 – Stephen Warfield Gambrill, American lawyer and politician (d. 1924)[50]
  • 1873 – Pelham Warner, English cricketer and manager (d. 1963)[51]
  • 1875 – Pattie Ruffner Jacobs, American suffragist (d. 1935)[52]
  • 1879 – Wallace Stevens, American poet (d. 1955)[53]
  • 1882 – Boris Shaposhnikov, Russian colonel (d. 1945)[54]
  • 1883 – Karl von Terzaghi, Austrian geologist and engineer (d. 1963)[55]
  • 1890 – Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor (d. 1977)[17]
  • 1893 – Leroy Shield, American composer and conductor (d. 1962)[56]
  • 1895 – Ruth Cheney Streeter, American colonel (d. 1990)[57]
  • 1900 – Leela Roy Nag, Indian freedom fighter, social reformer and politician (d. 1970)[58]

1901–present[]

  • 1902 – Leopold Figl, Austrian politician, Chancellor of Austria (d. 1965)[59]
  • 1904 – Graham Greene, English novelist, playwright, and critic (d. 1991)[17]
  • 1904 – Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indian and politician, Prime Minister of India (d. 1966)[60]
  • 1905 – Franjo Šeper, Croatian cardinal (d. 1981)[61]
  • 1906 – Thomas Hollway, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (d. 1971)[62]
  • 1907 – Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Bolivian politician, President of Bolivia (d. 2001)[63]
  • 1907 – Alexander R. Todd, Scottish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)[64]
  • 1909 – Alex Raymond, American cartoonist, creator of Flash Gordon (d. 1956)[65]
  • 1912 – Frank Malina, American engineer and painter (d. 1981)[66]
  • 1914 – Jack Parsons, American chemist, occultist, and engineer (d. 1952)[67]
  • 1914 – Bernarr Rainbow, English organist, conductor, and historian (d. 1998)[68]
  • 1915 – Chuck Williams, American author and businessman, founded Williams Sonoma (d. 2015)[69]
  • 1917 – Christian de Duve, Belgian cytologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)[70]
  • 1917 – Charles Drake, American actor (d. 1994)[71]
  • 1919 – John W. Duarte, English guitarist and composer (d. 2004)[72]
  • 1921 – Edmund Crispin, English writer and composer (d. 1978)[73]
  • 1921 – Albert Scott Crossfield, American pilot and engineer (d. 2006)[74]
  • 1921 – Robert Runcie, English archbishop (d. 2000)[75]
  • 1925 – Wren Blair, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 2013)[76]
  • 1926 – Jan Morris, Welsh historian and author (d. 2020)[77]
  • 1928 – George McFarland, American actor (d. 1993)[78]
  • 1928 – Wolfhart Pannenberg, Polish-German theologian and academic (d. 2014)[79][80]
  • 1929 – Peter Bronfman, Canadian businessman (d. 1996)[81]
  • 1929 – Moses Gunn, American actor (d. 1993)[17]
  • 1930 – Dave Barrett, Canadian social worker and politician, 26th Premier of British Columbia (d. 2018)[82]
  • 1932 – Maury Wills, American baseball player and manager[83]
  • 1933 – John Gurdon, English biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[84]
  • 1933 – Dave Somerville, Canadian singer (d. 2015)[85]
  • 1934 – Richard Scott, Baron Scott of Foscote, English lawyer and judge[86]
  • 1934 – Earl Wilson, American baseball player (d. 2005)[87]
  • 1935 – Omar Sívori, Italian-Argentine footballer and manager (d. 2005)[88]
  • 1936 – Dick Barnett, American basketball player[89]
  • 1936 – Connie Dierking, American basketball player (d. 2013)[90]
  • 1937 – Johnnie Cochran, American lawyer (d. 2005)[91]
  • 1938 – Waheed Murad, Pakistani actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1983)[92]
  • 1938 – Rex Reed, American film critic[93]
  • 1939 – Budhi Kunderan, Indian cricketer (d. 2006)[94]
  • 1941 – Diana Hendry, English poet and author[95]
  • 1941 – Ron Meagher, American rock bass player[96]
  • 1942 – Steve Sabol, American director and producer, co-founded NFL Films (d. 2012)[97]
  • 1943 – Anna Ford, English journalist[98]
  • 1943 – Henri Szeps, Australian actor[99]
  • 1944 – Vernor Vinge, American author[100]
  • 1945 – Martin Hellman, American cryptographer and academic[101]
  • 1945 – Don McLean, American singer-songwriter[102]
  • 1946 – Sonthi Boonyaratglin, Thai general and politician[103]
  • 1947 – Ward Churchill, American author and activist[104]
  • 1948 – Trevor Brooking, English footballer and manager[105]
  • 1948 – Avery Brooks, American actor[106]
  • 1948 – Donna Karan, American fashion designer, founded DKNY[107]
  • 1948 – Siim Kallas, Estonian politician, Prime Minister of Estonia[108]
  • 1948 – Persis Khambatta, Indian model and actress, (d. 1998)[109]
  • 1949 – Richard Hell, American singer-songwriter and bass player[110]
  • 1949 – Annie Leibovitz, American photographer[102]
  • 1950 – Mike Rutherford, English guitarist[111]
  • 1951 – Sting, English singer-songwriter and actor[102]
  • 1953 – Vanessa Bell Armstrong, American singer[112]
  • 1955 – Philip Oakey, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer[113]
  • 1956 – Freddie Jackson, American soul singer[114]
  • 1957 – John Cook, American golfer[115]
  • 1957 – Wade Dooley, English rugby player[116]
  • 1960 – Glenn Anderson, Canadian ice hockey player[117]
  • 1960 – Django Bates, English musician and composer[118]
  • 1960 – Joe Sacco, Maltese-American journalist and cartoonist[119]
  • 1960 – Dereck Whittenburg, American basketball player and coach[120]
  • 1962 – Mark Rypien, Canadian-American football player[121]
  • 1963 – Keith Bradshaw, Australian cricketer[122]
  • 1964 – Dirk Brinkmann, German field hockey player[123]
  • 1965 – Darren Cahill, Australian tennis player[124]
  • 1965 – Tom Moody, Australian cricketer[125]
  • 1967 – Frankie Fredericks, Namibian sprinter[126]
  • 1967 – Thomas Muster, Austrian tennis player[127]
  • 1967 – Gillian Welch, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[128]
  • 1968 – Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player and sportscaster (d. 2017)[129]
  • 1968 – Glen Wesley, Canadian ice hockey player[130]
  • 1968 – Kelly Willis, American country music singer-songwriter[131]
  • 1969 – Badly Drawn Boy, English musician[132]
  • 1970 – Eddie Guardado, American baseball player[133]
  • 1970 – Patricia O'Callaghan, Canadian soprano[134]
  • 1970 – Kelly Ripa, American actress and talk show host[102]
  • 1970 – Maribel Verdú, Spanish actress[135]
  • 1971 – Tiffany Darwish, American singer-songwriter[136]
  • 1971 – Jim Root, American guitarist and songwriter[137]
  • 1972 – Aaron McKie, American basketball player[138]
  • 1973 – Melissa Harris-Perry, American journalist, author, and educator[139]
  • 1973 – Scott Schoeneweis, American baseball player[140]
  • 1974 – Bjarke Ingels, Danish architect[141]
  • 1974 – Brian Knight, American baseball player[142]
  • 1974 – Matthew Nicholson, Australian cricketer[143]
  • 1974 – Sam Roberts, Canadian singer-songwriter and musician[144]
  • 1974 – Paul Teutul Jr., American motorcycle designer, co-founded Orange County Choppers[102]
  • 1976 – Mark Chilton, English cricketer[145]
  • 1977 – Didier Défago, Swiss skier[146]
  • 1978 – Ayumi Hamasaki, Japanese singer, songwriter, actress[147]
  • 1981 – Santi Kolk, Dutch footballer[148]
  • 1981 – Luke Wilkshire, Australian footballer[149]
  • 1982 – Esra Gümüş, Turkish volleyball player[150]
  • 1984 – Marion Bartoli, French tennis player[151]
  • 1985 – Çağlar Birinci, Turkish footballer[152]
  • 1985 – Brandon Jackson, American football player[153]
  • 1987 – Bojana Bobusic, Australian tennis player[154]
  • 1987 – Joe Ingles, Australian basketball player[155]
  • 1987 – Phil Kessel, American ice hockey player[156]
  • 1987 – Joel Reinders, American football player[157]
  • 1987 – Ricky Stenhouse Jr., American race car driver[158]
  • 1988 – Brittany Howard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[159]
  • 1989 – Aaron Hicks, American baseball player[160]
  • 1989 – George Nash, English rower[161]
  • 1991 – Roberto Firmino, Brazilian footballer[162]
  • 1994 – Joana Eidukonytė, Lithuanian tennis player[163]
  • 1995 – Tepai Moeroa, Cook Islands rugby league player[164]
  • 1996 – Tom Trbojevic, Australian rugby league player[165]

Deaths[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 534 – Athalaric, king of the Ostrogoths in Italy[166]
  • 829 – Michael II, Byzantine emperor[167]
  • 939 – Eberhard of Franconia[2]
  • 939 – Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine[2]
  • 1264 – Pope Urban IV[168]
  • 1559 – Jacquet of Mantua, French-Italian composer (b. 1483)[169]

1601–1900[]

1901–present[]

  • 1920 – Max Bruch, German composer and conductor (b. 1838)[185]
  • 1927 – Svante Arrhenius, Swedish physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)[186]
  • 1938 – Alexandru Averescu, Romanian military leader and politician, 24th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1859)[187]
  • 1943 – John Evans, English-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Tasmania (b. 1855)[188]
  • 1953 – John Marin, American painter (b. 1870)[189]
  • 1955 – William R. Orthwein, American swimmer and water polo player (b. 1881)[190]
  • 1968 – Marcel Duchamp, French painter and sculptor (b. 1887)[191]
  • 1971 – Jessie Arms Botke, American painter (b. 1883)[192]
  • 1973 – Paul Hartman, American actor and dancer (b. 1904)[193]
  • 1973 – Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (b. 1897)[194]
  • 1974 – Vasily Shukshin, Russian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1929)[195]
  • 1975 – K. Kamaraj, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1903)[196]
  • 1981 – Harry Golden, American journalist and author (b. 1902)[197]
  • 1981 – Hazel Scott, Trinidadian-American activist, actress, and musician (b. 1920)[198]
  • 1985 – Rock Hudson, American actor (b. 1925)[199]
  • 1987 – Madeleine Carroll, English actress (b. 1906)[200]
  • 1987 – Peter Medawar, Brazilian-English biologist and zoologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)[201]
  • 1988 – Alec Issigonis, English car designer, designed the Mini (b. 1906)[202]
  • 1988 – Hamengkubuwono IX, Indonesian politician, Vice President of Indonesia (b. 1912)[203]
  • 1991 – Hazen Argue, Canadian politician (b. 1921)[204]
  • 1991 – Demetrios I of Constantinople (b. 1914)[205]
  • 1996 – Robert Bourassa, Canadian lawyer and politician, Premier of Quebec (b. 1933)[206]
  • 1996 – Andrey Lukanov, Bulgarian politician, 40th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1938)[207]
  • 1998 – Gene Autry, American actor, singer, and guitarist (b. 1907)[208]
  • 1999 – Heinz G. Konsalik, German journalist and author (b. 1921)[209]
  • 2000 – David Tonkin, Australian politician, Premier of South Australia (b. 1929)[210]
  • 2001 – Franz Biebl, German composer and academic (b. 1906)[211]
  • 2002 – Heinz von Foerster, Austrian-American physicist and philosopher (b. 1911)[212]
  • 2003 – John Thomas Dunlop, American scholar and politician, United States Secretary of Labor (b. 1914)[213]
  • 2005 – Nipsey Russell, American comedian and actor (b. 1918)[214]
  • 2005 – August Wilson, American author and playwright (b. 1945)[215]
  • 2006 – Helen Chenoweth-Hage, American politician (b. 1938)[216]
  • 2006 – Paul Halmos, Hungarian-American mathematician (b. 1916)[217]
  • 2007 – Tex Coulter, American football player (b. 1924)[218][219]
  • 2007 – George Grizzard, American actor (b. 1928)[220]
  • 2007 – Dan Keating, Irish Republican Army volunteer (b. 1902)[221]
  • 2010 – Kwa Geok Choo, Singaporean lawyer and scholar (b. 1920)[222]
  • 2012 – Nguyễn Chí Thiện, Vietnamese-American poet and activist (b. 1939)[223]
  • 2012 – Charles Roach, Trinidadian-Canadian lawyer and activist (b. 1933)[224]
  • 2012 – J. Philippe Rushton, English-Canadian psychologist, theorist, academic (b. 1943)[225]
  • 2013 – Abraham Nemeth, American mathematician and academic (b. 1918)[226]
  • 2014 – Robert Flower, Australian footballer (b. 1955)[227]
  • 2015 – Brian Friel, Irish author, playwright, and director (b. 1929)[228]
  • 2015 – Coleridge Goode, Jamaican-English bassist and composer (b. 1914)[229]
  • 2015 – Johnny Paton, Scottish footballer and coach (b. 1923)[230]
  • 2016 – Neville Marriner, British conductor (b. 1924)[231]
  • 2017 – Tom Petty, American musician (b. 1950)[232]
  • 2018 – Jamal Khashoggi, Saudi journalist (b. 1958)[233]
  • 2020 – Anne-Marie Hutchinson, British lawyer (b. 1957)[234]

Holidays and observances[]

References[]

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