1789

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
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  • 1786
  • 1787
  • 1788
  • 1789
  • 1790
  • 1791
  • 1792
1789 by topic
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1789 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1789
MDCCLXXXIX
Ab urbe condita2542
Armenian calendar1238
ԹՎ ՌՄԼԸ
Assyrian calendar6539
Balinese saka calendar1710–1711
Bengali calendar1196
Berber calendar2739
British Regnal year29 Geo. 3 – 30 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar2333
Burmese calendar1151
Byzantine calendar7297–7298
Chinese calendar戊申年 (Earth Monkey)
4485 or 4425
    — to —
己酉年 (Earth Rooster)
4486 or 4426
Coptic calendar1505–1506
Discordian calendar2955
Ethiopian calendar1781–1782
Hebrew calendar5549–5550
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1845–1846
 - Shaka Samvat1710–1711
 - Kali Yuga4889–4890
Holocene calendar11789
Igbo calendar789–790
Iranian calendar1167–1168
Islamic calendar1203–1204
Japanese calendarTenmei 9 / Kansei 1
(寛政元年)
Javanese calendar1715–1716
Julian calendarGregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar4122
Minguo calendar123 before ROC
民前123年
Nanakshahi calendar321
Thai solar calendar2331–2332
Tibetan calendar阳土猴年
(male Earth-Monkey)
1915 or 1534 or 762
    — to —
阴土鸡年
(female Earth-Rooster)
1916 or 1535 or 763
April 28: Mutiny on the Bounty.

1789 (MDCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1789th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 789th year of the 2nd millennium, the 89th year of the 18th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1780s decade. As of the start of 1789, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[]

January–March[]

April 30: First President of the United States, George Washington, inaugurated.
  • February – King Gustav III of Sweden enforces the Union and Security Act, delivering the coup de grace to Sweden's 70-year-old parliamentarian system, in favor of absolute monarchy.
  • February 4 – George Washington is unanimously elected the first President of the United States, by the United States Electoral College.
  • March
  • March 4 – At Federal Hall in New York City, the 1st United States Congress meets, and declares the new United States Constitution to be in effect. The bicameral United States Congress replaces the unicameral Congress of the Confederation, as the legislature of the federal government of the United States.
  • March 10 – In Japan, the Menashi–Kunashir rebellion begins between the Ainu people and Japanese.[5]
  • March 11 – The Venetian arsenal on the island of Corfu, containing 72,000 pounds (33,000 kg) of gunpowder and 600 bombshells, explodes during a fire, killing 180 bystanders and knocking down a seawall.[6]

April–June[]

  • April 1 – At Federal Hall, the United States House of Representatives attains its first quorum, and elects congressman Frederick Muhlenberg as the first Speaker of the House.
  • April 6 – At Federal Hall, the United States Senate attains its first quorum, and elects John Langdon of Pennsylvania as its first President pro tempore. Later that day, the Senate and the House of Representatives meet in joint session for the first time, and the electoral votes of the first U.S. Presidential election are counted. General George Washington is certified as President-elect, and John Adams is certified as Vice-President elect.
  • April 7 – Selim III (1789–1807) succeeds Abdul Hamid I (1773–1789), as Ottoman Sultan.
  • April 21 – John Adams takes office as the first Vice President of the United States, and begins presiding over the United States Senate.
  • April 28 – Mutiny on the Bounty: Fletcher Christian leads the mutiny on the British Royal Navy ship HMS Bounty against Captain William Bligh, in the Pacific Ocean.
  • April 30 – George Washington is inaugurated at Federal Hall in New York City, beginning his term as the first President of the United States.
  • May 5 – In France, the Estates-General convenes for the first time in 175 years.
    • The French Revolution begins.
  • June – The Inconfidência Mineira is the first attempt at Brazilian independence from Portugal.
  • June 17 – In France, representatives of the Third Estate at the Estates-General declare themselves the National Assembly.
  • June 20 – The Tennis Court Oath is made in Versailles.
  • June 23 – Louis XVI of France makes a conciliatory speech urging reforms to a joint session, and orders the three estates to meet together.

July–September[]

  • July – An estimated 150,000 of Paris's 600,000 people are without work.
  • July 1 – The comic ballet La fille mal gardée, choreographed by Jean Dauberval, is first presented under the title Le ballet de la paille, at the Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux, at Bordeaux, France.
  • July 4 – The U.S. Congress passes its first bill, setting out tariffs.[7]
  • July 9
    • At Versailles, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly, and begins preparations for what will become the French Constitution of 1791.
    • The Theatre War officially ends in Scandinavia.
  • July – Storofsen flood in Norway.
  • July 10 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Mackenzie River Delta.
  • July 11 – Louis XVI of France dismisses popular Chief Minister Jacques Necker.
  • July 12 – An angry Parisian crowd, inflamed by a speech from journalist Camille Desmoulins, demonstrates against the King's decision to dismiss Minister Necker.
  • July 13 – The people begin to seize arms for the defense of Paris.
  • July 14
    • The French Revolution (1789–1799) begins with the Storming of the Bastille: Citizens of Paris storm the fortress of the Bastille, and free the only seven prisoners held. In rural areas, peasants attack manors of the nobility.
    • Survivors of the mutiny on the Bounty, including Captain William Bligh and 18 others, reach Timor after a nearly 4,000-mile (6,400 km) journey in an open boat.
July 14: Storming of the Bastille
  • July 27 – The first agency of the Federal government of the United States under the new Constitution, the Department of Foreign Affairs [7] (from September 15 renamed the Department of State), is established.
  • August 4 – In France, members of the Constituent Assembly take an oath to end feudalism, and abandon their privileges.
  • August 7 – The United States Department of War is established.[8]
  • August 18 – The Liège Revolution breaks out in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.
  • August 21 – A proposal for a Bill of Rights is adopted by the United States House of Representatives.[9][10]
  • August 24 – The first naval battle of the Svensksund began in the Gulf of Finland.[11]
  • August 26 – The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen is proclaimed in France, by the Constituent Assembly.
  • August 28 – William Herschel discovers Enceladus, one of Saturn's moons.
  • September 2 – The United States Department of the Treasury is founded.[7]
  • September 11 – Alexander Hamilton is appointed as the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.
  • September 22 –
  • September 24 – The Judiciary Act of 1789 establishes the federal judiciary, and the United States Marshals Service.[12]
  • September 25 – The United States Congress proposes a set of 12 amendments to the U.S. constitution, for ratification by the states.[7] Ratification for 10 of these proposals is completed on December 5, 1791, creating the United States Bill of Rights.
  • September 26 – Thomas Jefferson, U.S. Minister to France, is appointed as the first U.S. Secretary of State.[7]
  • September 29 – The U.S. Department of War establishes the nation's first regular army, with a strength of several hundred men.

October–December[]

  • October 5 – Women's March on Versailles: Some 7,000 women march 12 miles (19 km) from Paris to the royal Palace of Versailles, to demand action over high bread prices.
  • October 10 – Physician Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposes to the French National Assembly the adoption of more humane and egalitarian forms of capital punishment, including use of the guillotine.
  • October 24 – Brabant Revolution: Brabant revolutionaries cross the border from the Dutch Republic into the Austrian Netherlands; the first public reading of the Manifesto of the People of Brabant declares the independence of the Austrian Netherlands.
  • October 27 – Battle of Turnhout: The Austrian army is beaten by Brabant revolutionaries.
  • November 6 – Pope Pius VI creates the first diocese in the United States at Baltimore, and appoints John Carroll the first Roman Catholic bishop in the United States.
  • November 20 – New Jersey ratifies the United States Bill of Rights, the first state to do so.
  • November 21 – North Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the 12th U.S. state.[7]
  • November 26 – A national Thanksgiving Day is observed in the United States, as recommended by President George Washington and approved by Congress.
  • December 11 – The University of North Carolina, the oldest public university in the United States, is founded.
  • December 23 – A leaflet circulated in France accuses the Marquis de Favras of plotting to rescue the royal family.

Date unknown[]

  • Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, decrees that all peasant labor obligations be converted into cash payments.
  • The Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry), an influential chemistry textbook by Antoine Lavoisier, is published; translated into English in 1790, it comes to be considered the first modern chemical textbook.
  • German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth discovers the element uranium, while studying the mineral pitchblende.
  • The Bengal Presidency first establishes a penal colony, in the Andaman Islands.
  • Famine in Ethiopia.
  • Thomas Jefferson returns from Europe, bringing the first macaroni machine to the United States.
  • Influenced by Dr. Benjamin Rush's argument against the excessive use of alcohol, about 200 farmers in a Connecticut community form a temperance movement in the United States.
  • Fort Washington (Cincinnati, Ohio) is built to protect early U.S. settlements in the Northwest Territory.
  • Former slave Olaudah Equiano's autobiography The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, one of the earliest published works by a black writer, is published in London.[13]
  • Peggy of Castletown, Isle of Man, the world's oldest surviving private yacht, is built.
  • The pedal powered tricycle was invented by two Frenchmen, named Blanchard and Maguier.

Births[]

René Edward De Russy
Georg Ohm
Catharine Sedgwick

Deaths[]

Frances Brooke
  • January 1 – Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley, English politician (b. 1716)
  • January 4
    • Johan Jacob Bruun, Danish artist (b. 1715)
    • Thomas Nelson Jr., American signer of the Declaration of Independence and Governor of Virginia (1781) (b. 1738)
  • January 8 – Jack Broughton, English boxer (b. 1703)
  • January 10 – James Mitchell Varnum, American brigadier general of the Revolutionary War, Continental Congressman for Rhode Island (b. 1748)
  • January 13 – Joseph Spencer, American major general of the Revolutionary War, Continental Congressman for Connecticut (b. 1714)
  • January 23 – Frances Brooke, English writer (b. 1724)
  • January 25 – James Randolph Reid, American Continental Congressman for Connecticut (b. 1750)
  • February 2 – Armand-Louis Couperin, French composer and keyboard player (b. 1727)
  • February 12 – Ethan Allen, American major general of the Revolutionary War, Vermont statesman (b. 1738)
  • February 19 – Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and President of Delaware (b. 1738)
  • March 23 – Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds, British politician (b. 1713)
  • April 5 – William Vane, 2nd Viscount Vane of Ireland (b. 1714)
Petrus Camper
Silas Deane
  • September 23
    • John Rogers, American Continental Congressman for Maryland (b. 1723)
    • Silas Deane, American Continental Congressman for Connecticut (b. 1737)
  • October 9 – James Hamilton, 8th Earl of Abercorn (b. 1712)
  • October 27 – John Cook, American farmer, President of Delaware (b. 1730)
  • November 10 – Richard Caswell, American major general of the Revolutionary War, Continental Congressman and Governor of North Carolina (1776–80, 1785–87) (b. 1729)
  • November 17 – Samuel Holden Parsons, American major general of the Revolutionary War, member of the Connecticut House of Representatives (b. 1737)
  • November 26 – John Elwes, English miser and politician (b. 1714)
  • December 3 – Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (b. 1714)
  • December 10 – William Pierce, American member of the Georgia House of Representatives, Continental Congressman for Georgia (c. 1753)
  • December 12 – John Ponsonby, Irish politician (b. 1713)
  • December 23 – Charles-Michel de l'Épée, French philanthropist, developer of signed French (b. 1712)
  • date unknown – Mary Evans, Welsh religious leader (b. 1735)

References[]

  1. ^ Spencer Tucker (1999). Vietnam. University Press of Kentucky. p. 21.
  2. ^ "219 years ago - Description of a Slave Ship". Rare Book Collections @ Princeton. Princeton University Library. 2008. Archived from the original on February 4, 2014. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
  3. ^ "The Brookes - visualising the transatlantic slave trade". 1807 Commemorated. University of York Institute for the Public Understanding of the Past. 2007. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
  4. ^ George McCall Theal (2010). History and Ethnography of Africa South of the Zambesi, from the Settlement of the Portuguese at Sofala in September 1505 to the Conquest of the Cape Colony by the British in September 1795, vol. 3. Cambridge University Press.
  5. ^ Ampo, vol 18. University of California, 1986.
  6. ^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p61
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p168-169
  8. ^ "The establishment of the Department of War". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 7, 2011.
  9. ^ Adamson, Barry (2008). Freedom of Religion, the First Amendment, and the Supreme Court: How the Court Flunked History. Pelican Publishing. p. 93. ISBN 9781455604586.
  10. ^ Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, 1789-1793, August 21, 1789, p. 85
  11. ^ Mattila, Tapani (1983). Meri maamme turvana [Sea safeguarding our country] (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: K. J. Gummerus Osakeyhtiö. ISBN 951-99487-0-8.
  12. ^ "The First Supreme Court". History.com. Archived from the original on May 1, 2009. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
  13. ^ "BBC History British History Timeline". Archived from the original on September 9, 2007. Retrieved September 3, 2007.

Further reading[]

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