1799

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
  • 17th century
  • 18th century
  • 19th century
Decades:
Years:
  • 1796
  • 1797
  • 1798
  • 1799
  • 1800
  • 1801
  • 1802
1799 by topic
Arts and science
Countries
Lists of leaders
Birth and death categories
  • Births
  • Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments
Works category
  • Works
  • v
  • t
1799 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1799
MDCCXCIX
French Republican calendar7–8
Ab urbe condita2552
Armenian calendar1248
ԹՎ ՌՄԽԸ
Assyrian calendar6549
Balinese saka calendar1720–1721
Bengali calendar1206
Berber calendar2749
British Regnal year39 Geo. 3 – 40 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar2343
Burmese calendar1161
Byzantine calendar7307–7308
Chinese calendar戊午年 (Earth Horse)
4495 or 4435
    — to —
己未年 (Earth Goat)
4496 or 4436
Coptic calendar1515–1516
Discordian calendar2965
Ethiopian calendar1791–1792
Hebrew calendar5559–5560
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1855–1856
 - Shaka Samvat1720–1721
 - Kali Yuga4899–4900
Holocene calendar11799
Igbo calendar799–800
Iranian calendar1177–1178
Islamic calendar1213–1214
Japanese calendarKansei 11
(寛政１１年)
Javanese calendar1725–1726
Julian calendarGregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar4132
Minguo calendar113 before ROC
民前113年
Nanakshahi calendar331
Thai solar calendar2341–2342
Tibetan calendar阳土马年
(male Earth-Horse)
1925 or 1544 or 772
    — to —
阴土羊年
(female Earth-Goat)
1926 or 1545 or 773
July 15: French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard finds the Rosetta Stone
September 25: Second Battle of Zurich
November 9: Coup of 18 Brumaire

1799 (MDCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1799th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 799th year of the 2nd millennium, the 99th year of the 18th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1790s decade. As of the start of 1799, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[]

January–June[]

July–December[]

  • July 7 – Ranjit Singh's men take their positions outside Lahore.
  • July 12 – Ranjit Singh captures Lahore from the Bhangi Misl, a key step in establishing the Sikh Empire, and becoming Maharaja of the Punjab.
  • July 15 – In the Egyptian port city of Rosetta, French Captain Pierre Bouchard finds the Rosetta Stone.
  • July 25 – At Aboukir, Egypt, Napoleon defeats 10,000 Ottoman Mamluk troops under Mustafa Pasha.
  • August 27 – War of the Second Coalition – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: Britain and Russia send an expedition to the Batavian Republic.
  • August 29 – Pope Pius VI, at the time the longest reigning Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church, dies as a prisoner of war in the citadel of the French city of Valence, after 24½ years of rule.
  • August 30 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland – Vlieter Incident: A squadron of the Batavian Republic's navy, commanded by Rear-Admiral Samuel Story, surrenders to the British Royal Navy, under Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell, near Wieringen, without joining action.
  • September 10 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland - Battle of Krabbendam: the Russo-British expedition force defends its initial gains from attacks by Franco-Dutch forces.[2]
  • September 19 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland - Battle of Bergen: Franco-Dutch forces hold their ground against the Russo-British expedition force.
  • September 23 – Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford, the Governor of British Ceylon (now Sri Lanka, issues a proclamation declaring that the laws of the Netherlands for the conquered Dutch Ceylon shall be enforced until superseded by new laws.[3]
  • September 29 – the Second Roman Republic, a puppet state formed by the French Army after their dissolution of the Papal States and the occupation of Rome, is dissolved 19 months after its creation on February 15, 1798.[4]
  • October 2 - Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland – Battle of Alkmaar: the Russo-British expedition force win a small tactical vicory over the Franco-Dutch forces.
  • October 6 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland – Battle of Castricum: Franco-Dutch forces defeat the Russo-British expedition force.[5]
  • October 9 – HMS Lutine (a famous treasure wreck) is sunk in the West Frisian Islands.
  • October 12 – Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute, from an altitude of 900 metres (3,000 ft).
  • October 16 – Action of 16 October 1799: A Spanish treasure convoy worth more than £54,000,000 is captured by the British Royal Navy off Vigo.
  • October 18 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: Anglo-Russian expedition forces surrender in North Holland.
  • November 5 – HMS Sceptre is driven ashore and wrecked in a storm in Table Bay, South Africa, with the loss of 349 and 41 survivors.[6]
  • November 9 (Coup of 18 Brumaire) – Napoleon overthrows the French Directory in a coup d'état, which ends the French Revolution.
  • November 10 (19 Brumaire) – A remnant of the Council of Ancients in France abolishes the Constitution of the Year III, and ordains the French Consulate with Napoleon as First Consul, with the Constitution of the Year VIII.
  • November 30 – 1799–1800 Papal conclave opens in Venice at San Giorgio Monastery.
  • December 3 – War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Wiesloch: Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal Anton Sztáray defeats the French at Wiesloch.
  • December 10 – France adopts the metre as its official unit of length.
  • December 14 – George Washington, first President of the United States, dies at Mount Vernon, Virginia, aged 67.
  • December 31 – The Dutch East India Company's charter is allowed to expire by the Batavian Republic.

Date unknown[]

  • The Place Royale in Paris is renamed Place des Vosges, when the Department of Vosges becomes the first to pay new Revolutionary taxes.
  • Eli Whitney, holding a 1798 United States government contract for the manufacture of muskets, is introduced by Oliver Wolcott, Jr. to the concept of interchangeable parts, an origin of the American system of manufacturing.[7]
  • Conrad John Reed, 12, finds what he describes as a "heavy yellow rock" along Little Meadow Creek in Cabarrus County, North Carolina, and makes it a doorstop in his home. Conrad's father John Reed learns that the rock is actually gold in 1802, initiating the first gold rush in the United States.
  • The assassination of the 14th Tu'i Kanokupolu, Tukuʻaho, plunges Tonga into half a century of civil war.
  • The Nawab (provincial governor) of Oudh in northern India sends to George III of Great Britain the Padshah Nama, an official history of the reign of Shah Jahan.
  • William Cockerill begins building cotton-spinning equipment in Belgium.
  • The small town of Tignish, Prince Edward Island, Canada is founded.

Births[]

January–June[]

Carl Adolph von Basedow
Honoré de Balzac
Alexander Pushkin
  • January 6 – Jedediah Smith, American fur trapper, explorer (d. 1831)
  • January 12 – Priscilla Susan Bury, British botanist (d. 1872)
  • January 23 – Alois Negrelli, Tyrolean engineer, railroad pioneer active in the Austrian Empire (1858)
  • January 31 – Rodolphe Töpffer, Swiss teacher, author, and artist (d. 1846)
  • February 4 – Almeida Garrett, Portuguese writer (d. 1854)
  • February 11 – Basil Moreau, founder of the Congregation of Holy Cross (d. 1873)
  • February 14 – Walenty Wańkowicz, Polish painter (d. 1842)
  • February 27 – Edward Belcher, British admiral (d. 1877)
  • March 8 – Simon Cameron, American politician (d. 1889)
  • March 16 – Anna Atkins, British botanist (d. 1871)
  • March 22 – Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander, German astronomer (d. 1875)
  • March 28 – Karl Adolph von Basedow, German physician, noted for reporting the symptoms of Graves–Basedow disease (d. 1854)
  • March 29 – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1869)
  • April 12 – Henri Druey, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1855)
  • April 17 – Eliza Acton, English poet and cookery writer (d. 1859)[8]
  • May 9 – Philipp von Stadion und Thannhausen, Austrian field marshal (d. 1868)
  • May 20 – Honoré de Balzac, French author (d. 1850)[9]
  • May 21 – Mary Anning, British paleontologist (d. 1847)
  • May 25 – Alexei Lvov, Russian composer (d. 1870)
  • June 3 – Elisabetta Fiorini Mazzanti, Italian botanist (d. 1879)
  • June 6 – Alexander Pushkin, Russian author (d. 1837)
  • June 18 – Prosper Ménière, French physician (d. 1862)
  • June 25 – David Douglas, Scottish-born botanist (d. 1834)

July–December[]

Date unknown[]

  • James Townsend Saward, English barrister, forger
  • Domnița Rallou Caragea, Greek princess, independence activist (d. 1870)

Deaths[]

January–June[]

Qianlong Emperor
  • January 9 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician (b. 1718)
  • January 18 – Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz, Luxembourgian botanist (b. 1722)
  • January 22 – Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, Swiss aristocrat, alpinist (b. 1740)
  • January 26 – Gabriel Christie (British Army officer), British Army general (b. 1722)
  • February 6 – Étienne-Louis Boullée, French architect (b. 1728)
  • February 7 – Qianlong Emperor of China (b. 1711)
  • February 9 – Johann Baptist Babel, Swiss sculptor (b. 1716)
  • February 12
  • February 16 – Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1724)
  • February 19 – Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (b. 1733)
  • February 22 – Heshen, Manchu official under Qianlong (b. 1750)
  • February 24 – Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, German scientist, satirist, and Anglophile (b. 1742)[12]
  • March 13 – Richard Hotham, English property developer and politician (b. 1722)
  • March 17 – Sir Charles Thompson, 1st Baronet, British admiral, politician (b. c. 1740)
  • March 18
  • March 28 – Etta Palm d'Aelders, Dutch-French feminist (b. 1743)
  • March 29 – Helena Dorothea von Schönberg, German industrialist (d. 1729)
  • April 3 – Pierre Charles Le Monnier, French astronomer (b. 1715)
  • April 6 – Alexander Bezborodko, Grand Chancellor of Russia, architect of Catherine the Great's foreign policy (b. 1747)
  • April 28 – Matthew Griswold (governor), 17th Governor of Connecticut (1784–1786) (b. 1714)
  • May 2 – Guemes Padilla Horcasitas, the Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1740)
  • May 4 – Tipu Sultan, Indian ruler (b. 1750)
  • May 18 – Pierre Beaumarchais, French writer (b. 1732)[13]
  • May 22 – Toypurina, Medicine woman of the Tongva nation and rebel leader (b. 1750)
  • May 26 – James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish jurist (b. 1714)
  • May 30 – Robert McQueen, Lord Braxfield, Scottish advocate and judge (b. 1722)
  • June 6 – Patrick Henry, American revolutionary politician, Governor of Virginia (b. 1736)
  • June 10 – Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Guadeloupe-born French musician (b. 1745)
  • June 24 – Dunbar Douglas, 4th Earl of Selkirk, Scottish peer (b. 1722)
  • June 30 – Francesco Caracciolo, Neapolitan admiral, revolutionist (b. 1752)

July–December[]

Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier
George Washington

References[]

  1. ^ "Historical Events for Year 1799 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  2. ^ * (in Dutch) Krayenhoff, C.R.T. (1832) Geschiedkundige Beschouwing van den Oorlog op het grondgebied der Bataafsche Republiek in 1799. J.C. Vieweg [1] Page=115
  3. ^ Nadaraja, T. (1972). The Legal System of Ceylon in Its Historical Setting. E. J. Brill. p. 181.
  4. ^ Formica, Marina (2004). "The Protagonists and the Principal Phases of the Roman Republic of 1798 to 1799". In Burton, Deborah; et al. (eds.). Tosca's Prism: Three Moments of Western Cultural History. Northeastern University Press. p. 67.
  5. ^ "not known". International review of military history. ICMH, International Commission of Military History: 40. 1984.
  6. ^ "The Autobiography of Sir John Barrow". The United Service Magazine. H. Colburn. 1847. pp. 337. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  7. ^ Woodbury, Robert S. (1960). "The Legend of Eli Whitney and Interchangeable Parts". Technology and Culture. 1.
  8. ^ An encyclopedia of British women writers (Rev. and expanded ed.). New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. 1998. p. 1. ISBN 0813525438.
  9. ^ Little, Iain (1984). Honoré de Balzac, Le père Goriot. Harlow: Longman. p. 5. ISBN 9780582781863.
  10. ^ "Oscar I | king of Sweden and Norway". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  11. ^ James, Winston (2010). The Struggles of John Brown Russwurm. New York, NY: New York University Press. pp. 25, 90, 105. ISBN 978-0-8147-4289-1.
  12. ^ Lichtenberg, Georg (2012). Georg Christoph Lichtenberg : philosophical writings, selected from the Waste books. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 2. ISBN 9781438441986.
  13. ^ Sadie, Stanley (2000). Mozart and his operas. London New York: Macmillan Reference Ltd. St. Martin's Press. p. 113. ISBN 9780333790199.
  14. ^ Mueller von Asow; Erich Hermann; Mueller von Asow (1962). Collected Correspondence and Papers. Barrie and Rockliff. p. 67.
Retrieved from ""