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March 1

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March 1 is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 305 days remain until the end of the year.

Events[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 0509 BCPublius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.[1]
  • 0293 – Emperor Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesars. This is considered the beginning of the Tetrarchy, known as the Quattuor Principes Mundi ("Four Rulers of the World").[2]
  • 0350Vetranio proclaims himself Caesar after being encouraged to do so by Constantina, sister of Constantius II.[3]
  • 0834 – Emperor Louis the Pious is restored as sole ruler of the Frankish Empire.[4]
  • 1476 – Forces of the Catholic Monarchs engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of Afonso V and Prince John at the Battle of Toro.[5]
  • 1562 – Sixty-three Huguenots are massacred in Wassy, France, marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.[6]

1601–1900[]

  • 1628 – Writs issued in February by Charles I of England mandate that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
  • 1633Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
  • 1692Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and Tituba are brought before local magistrates in Salem Village, Massachusetts, beginning what would become known as the Salem witch trials.
  • 1781 – The Articles of Confederation goes into effect in the United States.[7]
  • 1790 – The first United States census is authorized.
  • 1796 – The Dutch East India Company is nationalized by the Batavian Republic.
  • 1805 – Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial by the U.S. Senate.
  • 1811Leaders of the Mamluk dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
  • 1815Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
  • 1836 – A convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
  • 1845 – United States President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
  • 1867Nebraska is admitted as the 37th U.S. state.
  • 1870 – Marshal F. S. López dies during the Battle of Cerro Corá thus marking the end of the Paraguayan War.
  • 1872Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park.
  • 1893 – Electrical engineer Nikola Tesla gives the first public demonstration of radio in St. Louis, Missouri.
  • 1896Battle of Adwa: An Ethiopian army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the First Italo-Ethiopian War.[8]
  • 1896 – Henri Becquerel discovers radioactive decay.

1901–present[]

  • 1901 – The Australian Army is formed.
  • 1910 – The deadliest avalanche in United States history buries a Great Northern Railway train in northeastern King County, Washington, killing 96 people.
  • 1914China joins the Universal Postal Union.
  • 1917 – The Zimmermann Telegram is reprinted in newspapers across the United States after the U.S. government releases its unencrypted text.
  • 1919March 1st Movement begins in Korea under Japanese rule.
  • 1921 – The Australian cricket team captained by Warwick Armstrong becomes the first team to complete a whitewash of The Ashes, something that would not be repeated for 86 years.
  • 1921 – Following mass protests in Petrograd demanding greater freedom in the RSFSR, the Kronstadt rebellion begins, with sailors and citizens taking up arms against the Bolsheviks.[9]
  • 1932 – Aviator Charles Lindbergh's 20-month old son Charles Jr is kidnapped from his home in East Amwell, New Jersey. His body would not be found until May 12.[10]
  • 1939 – An Imperial Japanese Army ammunition dump explodes at Hirakata, Osaka, Japan, killing 94.
  • 1941World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact, allying itself with the Axis powers.
  • 1942 – World War II: Japanese forces land on Java, the main island of the Dutch East Indies, at Merak and Banten Bay (Banten), Eretan Wetan (Indramayu) and Kragan (Rembang).
  • 1946 – The Bank of England is nationalised.
  • 1947 – The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
  • 1950Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by disclosing top secret atomic bomb data.
  • 1953 – Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses; he dies four days later.
  • 1954Nuclear weapons testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.
  • 1954 – Armed Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.
  • 1956 – The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
  • 1956 – Formation of the East German Nationale Volksarmee.
  • 1958Samuel Alphonsus Stritch is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first U.S. member of the Roman Curia.
  • 1961 – Uganda becomes self-governing and holds its first elections.
  • 1964Villarrica Volcano begins a strombolian eruption causing lahars that destroy half of the town of Coñaripe.
  • 1966Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.
  • 1966 – The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.
  • 1971President of Pakistan Yahya Khan indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
  • 1973Black September storms the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, resulting in the assassination of three Western hostages.
  • 1974Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.
  • 1981Provisional Irish Republican Army member Bobby Sands begins his hunger strike in HM Prison Maze.
  • 1990Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
  • 1991Uprisings against Saddam Hussein begin in Iraq, leading to the death of more than 25,000 people mostly civilian.
  • 1992Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
  • 1998Titanic became the first film to gross over $1 billion worldwide.
  • 2002U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan.
  • 2002 – The Envisat environmental satellite successfully launches aboard an Ariane 5 rocket to reach an orbit of 800 km (500 mi) above the Earth, which was the then-largest payload at 10.5 m long and with a diameter of 4.57 m.[11]
  • 2003 – Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
  • 2003 – The International Criminal Court holds its inaugural session in The Hague.
  • 2005 – In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the execution of juveniles found guilty of murder is unconstitutional.
  • 2006 – English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.
  • 2007Tornadoes break out across the southern United States, killing at least 20 people, including eight at Enterprise High School.
  • 2008 – The Armenian police clash with peaceful opposition rally protesting against allegedly fraudulent presidential elections, as a result ten people are killed.
  • 2014 – Thirty-five people are killed and 143 injured in a mass stabbing at Kunming Railway Station in China.

Births[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 1105Alfonso VII, king of León and Castile (d. 1157)
  • 1389Antoninus of Florence, Italian archbishop and saint (d. 1459)
  • 1432Isabella of Coimbra (d. 1455)
  • 1456Vladislaus II of Hungary (d. 1516)
  • 1547Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher and lexicographer (d. 1628)
  • 1554William Stafford, English courtier and conspirator (d. 1612)
  • 1577Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland (d. 1635)
  • 1597Jean-Charles della Faille, Flemish priest and mathematician (d. 1652)

1601–1900[]

  • 1611John Pell, English mathematician and linguist (d. 1685)
  • 1629Abraham Teniers, Flemish painter (d. 1670)
  • 1647John de Brito, Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr (d. 1693)
  • 1657Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian and author (d. 1740)
  • 1683Tsangyang Gyatso, sixth Dalai Lama (d. 1706)
  • 1683Caroline of Ansbach, British queen and regent (d. 1737)
  • 1724Manuel do Cenáculo, Portuguese prelate and antiquarian (d. 1814)[12]
  • 1732William Cushing, American lawyer and judge (d. 1810)
  • 1760François Buzot, French lawyer and politician (d. 1794)
  • 1769François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (d. 1796)
  • 1807Wilford Woodruff, American religious leader, 4th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1898)
  • 1810Frédéric Chopin, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1849)[13]
  • 1812Augustus Pugin, English architect, co-designed the Palace of Westminster (d. 1852)
  • 1817Giovanni Duprè, Italian sculptor and educator (d. 1882)
  • 1821Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German bishop and academic (d. 1896)
  • 1835Philip Fysh, English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1919)
  • 1837William Dean Howells, American novelist, playwright, and critic (d. 1920)
  • 1842Nikolaos Gyzis, Greek painter and academic (d. 1901)
  • 1848Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Irish-American sculptor and academic (d. 1907)
  • 1852Théophile Delcassé, French politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1923)
  • 1863Alexander Golovin, Russian painter and set designer (d. 1930)
  • 1870E. M. Antoniadi, Greek-French astronomer and academic (d. 1944)
  • 1876Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian businessman (d. 1942)
  • 1880Lytton Strachey, British writer and critic (d. 1932)
  • 1886Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian-Swiss painter, poet, and playwright (d. 1980)
  • 1888Ewart Astill, English cricketer and billiards player (d. 1948)
  • 1888 – Fanny Walden, English cricketer and umpire, international footballer (d. 1949)[14]
  • 1889Tetsuro Watsuji, Japanese historian and philosopher (d. 1960)
  • 1890Theresa Bernstein, Polish-American painter and author (d. 2002)
  • 1891Ralph Hitz, Austrian-American hotelier (d. 1940)
  • 1892Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese author and educator (d. 1927)
  • 1893Mercedes de Acosta, American author, poet, and playwright (d. 1968)
  • 1896Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1960)
  • 1896 – Moriz Seeler, German playwright and producer (d. 1942)
  • 1899Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, German SS officer (d. 1972)

1901–present[]

  • 1904Paul Hartman, American actor, singer, and dancer (d. 1973)
  • 1904 – Glenn Miller, American trombonist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1944)
  • 1905Doris Hare, Welsh-English actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2000)
  • 1906Phạm Văn Đồng, Vietnamese lieutenant and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Vietnam (d. 2000)
  • 1909Eugene Esmonde, English lieutenant and pilot (d. 1942)
  • 1909 – Winston Sharples, American pianist and composer (d. 1978)
  • 1910Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
  • 1910 – David Niven, English soldier and actor (d. 1983)
  • 1912Gerald Emmett Carter, Canadian cardinal (d. 2003)
  • 1912 – Boris Chertok, Polish-Russian engineer and academic (d. 2011)
  • 1914Harry Caray, American sportscaster (d. 1998)
  • 1914 – Ralph Ellison, American novelist and literary critic (d. 1994)
  • 1917Robert Lowell, American poet (d. 1977)
  • 1917 – Dinah Shore, American singer and actress (d. 1994)[15]
  • 1918João Goulart, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 24th President of Brazil (d. 1976)
  • 1918 – Gladys Spellman, American educator and politician (d. 1988)
  • 1920Max Bentley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984)[16]
  • 1920 – Howard Nemerov, American poet and academic (d. 1991)[17]
  • 1921Cameron Argetsinger, American race car driver and lawyer (d. 2008)
  • 1921 – Terence Cooke, American cardinal (d. 1983)
  • 1921 – Richard Wilbur, American poet, translator, and essayist (d. 2017)
  • 1922William Gaines, American publisher (d. 1992)
  • 1922 – Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli general and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Israel, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
  • 1924Arnold Drake, American author and screenwriter (d. 2007)
  • 1924 – Deke Slayton, American soldier, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1993)
  • 1926Robert Clary, French-American actor and author
  • 1926 – Cesare Danova, Italian-American actor (d. 1992)
  • 1926 – Pete Rozelle, American businessman and 3rd Commissioner of the National Football League (d. 1996)
  • 1926 – Allan Stanley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2013)
  • 1927George O. Abell, American astronomer, professor at UCLA, science popularizer, and skeptic (d. 1983)
  • 1927 – Harry Belafonte, American singer-songwriter and actor
  • 1927 – Robert Bork, American lawyer and scholar, United States Attorney General (d. 2012)
  • 1928Jacques Rivette, French director, screenwriter, and critic (d. 2016)[18]
  • 1929Georgi Markov, Bulgarian journalist and author (d. 1978)
  • 1930 – Monu Mukhopadhyay, Indian Bengali actor (d. 2020)
  • 1930Gastone Nencini, Italian cyclist (d. 1980)
  • 1934Jean-Michel Folon, Belgian painter and sculptor (d. 2005)
  • 1934 – Joan Hackett, American actress (d. 1983)
  • 1935Robert Conrad, American actor, radio host and stuntman (d. 2020)
  • 1936Jean-Edern Hallier, French author (d. 1997)
  • 1939Leo Brouwer, Cuban guitarist, composer, and conductor
  • 1939 – Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Pakistani author
  • 1940Robin Gray, Australian politician, 37th Premier of Tasmania
  • 1940 – Robert Grossman, American painter, sculptor, and author (d. 2018)
  • 1941Robert Hass, American poet
  • 1941 – Dave Marcis, American stock car racing driver
  • 1942Richard Myers, American general
  • 1943Gil Amelio, American businessman
  • 1943 – José Ángel Iribar, Spanish footballer and manager
  • 1943 – Rashid Sunyaev, Russian-German astronomer and physicist
  • 1944Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Indian politician, 7th Chief Minister of West Bengal
  • 1944 – John Breaux, American lawyer and politician
  • 1944 – Roger Daltrey, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
  • 1944 – Mike d'Abo, English singer
  • 1945Dirk Benedict, American actor and director
  • 1946Gerry Boulet, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 1990)
  • 1946 – Jim Crace, English author and academic
  • 1947Alan Thicke, Canadian-American actor and composer (d. 2016)
  • 1951Sergei Kourdakov, Russian-American KGB agent (d. 1973)
  • 1952Dave Barr, Canadian golfer
  • 1952 – Nevada Barr, American actress and author
  • 1952 – Leigh Matthews, Australian footballer, coach, and sportscaster
  • 1952 – Jerri Nielsen, American physician and explorer (d. 2009)
  • 1952 – Martin O'Neill, Northern Irish footballer and manager
  • 1953Sinan Çetin, Turkish actor, director, and producer
  • 1953 – Carlos Queiroz, Portuguese footballer and manager
  • 1954Catherine Bach, American actress
  • 1954 – Ron Howard, American actor, director, and producer
  • 1954 – Rod Reddy, Australian rugby league player and coach[19]
  • 1956Tim Daly, American actor, director, and producer
  • 1956 – Dalia Grybauskaitė, Lithuanian politician, President of Lithuania[20]
  • 1958Nik Kershaw, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
  • 1958 – Wayne B. Phillips, Australian cricketer and coach[21]
  • 1959Nick Griffin, English politician
  • 1961Mike Rozier, American football player
  • 1963Ron Francis, Canadian ice hockey player and manager[22]
  • 1965Booker T, American wrestler and sportscaster[23]
  • 1965 – Stewart Elliott, Canadian jockey[24]
  • 1966Zack Snyder, American director, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1967Aron Winter, Surinamese-Dutch footballer and manager[25]
  • 1969Javier Bardem, Spanish actor and producer[26]
  • 1971Ivan Cleary, Australian rugby league player and coach[27]
  • 1973Chris Webber, American basketball player and sportscaster[28]
  • 1977Rens Blom, Dutch pole vaulter[29]
  • 1979Mikkel Kessler, Danish boxer[30]
  • 1979 – Bruno Langlois, Canadian cyclist[31]
  • 1980Shahid Afridi, Pakistani cricketer[32]
  • 1980 – Sercan Güvenışık, German-Turkish footballer[33]
  • 1980 – Djimi Traoré, French-Malian footballer[34]
  • 1981Will Power, Australian race car driver[35]
  • 1983Daniel Carvalho, Brazilian footballer[36]
  • 1983 – Anthony Tupou, Australian rugby league player[37]
  • 1984Alexander Steen, Canadian-Swedish ice hockey player[38]
  • 1985Andreas Ottl, German footballer[39]
  • 1986Jonathan Spector, American footballer[40]
  • 1987Kesha, American singer-songwriter and actress[41]
  • 1989 – Carlos Vela, Mexican footballer[42]
  • 1992Tom Walsh, New Zealand athlete[43]
  • 1993Nathan Brown, Australian rugby league player[44]
  • 1993 – Michael Conforto, American baseball player[45]
  • 1993 – Kurt Mann, Australian rugby league player[46]
  • 1993 – Josh McEachran, English footballer[47]
  • 1994Justin Bieber, Canadian singer-songwriter
  • 1994 – Asanoyama Hideki, Japanese sumo wrestler[48]
  • 1994 – Tyreek Hill, American football player[49]
  • 1999Brogan Hay, Scottish footballer[50]

Deaths[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 0492Felix III, pope of the Catholic Church[51]
  • 0589David, Welsh bishop and saint
  • 0965Leo VIII, pope of the Catholic Church
  • 0977Rudesind, Galician bishop (b. 907)
  • 0991En'yū, Japanese emperor (b. 959)
  • 1058Ermesinde of Carcassonne, countess and regent of Barcelona (b. 972)
  • 1131Stephen II, king of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1101)
  • 1233Thomas, count of Savoy (b. 1178)
  • 1244Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, Welsh noble, son of Llywelyn the Great (b. 1200)
  • 1320Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Chinese emperor (b. 1286)
  • 1383Amadeus VI, count of Savoy (b. 1334)
  • 1510Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer (b. 1450)
  • 1546George Wishart, Scottish minister and martyr (b. 1513)

1601–1900[]

  • 1620Thomas Campion, English poet and composer (b. 1567)[52]
  • 1633George Herbert, English poet and orator (b. 1593)
  • 1643Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian pianist and composer (b. 1583)
  • 1661Richard Zouch, English judge and politician (b. 1590)
  • 1666Ecaterina Cercheza, princess consort of Moldavia (b. 1620)
  • 1697Francesco Redi, Italian physician and poet (b. 1626)
  • 1734Roger North, English lawyer and author (b. 1653)
  • 1768Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and author (b. 1694)
  • 1773Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect, designed the Palace of Caserta (b. 1700)
  • 1792Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1747)[53]
  • 1792 – Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (b. 1731)[54]
  • 1841Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno, French general and politician, French Minister of Defence (b. 1764)
  • 1862Peter Barlow, English mathematician and physicist (b. 1776)
  • 1875Tristan Corbière, French poet and educator (b. 1845)
  • 1882Theodor Kullak, German pianist, composer, and educator (b. 1818)
  • 1884Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician and academic (b. 1820)
  • 1889William Henry Monk, English organist and composer (b. 1823)[55]

1901–present[]

  • 1906José María de Pereda, Spanish author (b. 1833)
  • 1911Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
  • 1914Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, English soldier and politician, 8th Governor General of Canada (b. 1845)
  • 1920John H. Bankhead, American lawyer and politician (b. 1842)
  • 1922Pichichi, Spanish footballer (b. 1892)
  • 1932Frank Teschemacher, American Jazz musician (b. 1906)
  • 1936Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian author and poet (b. 1871)
  • 1938Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian journalist and politician (b. 1863)
  • 1940Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian author (b. 1878)
  • 1942George S. Rentz, American commander (b. 1882)
  • 1943Alexandre Yersin, Swiss-French physician and bacteriologist (b. 1863)
  • 1952Mariano Azuela, Mexican physician and author (b. 1873)
  • 1966Fritz Houtermans, Polish-German physicist and academic (b. 1903)
  • 1974Bobby Timmons, American pianist and composer (b. 1935)
  • 1976Jean Martinon, French conductor and composer (b. 1910)
  • 1978Paul Scott, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1920)
  • 1979Mustafa Barzani, Iraqi-Kurdistan politician (b. 1903)
  • 1980Wilhelmina Cooper, Dutch-American model and businesswoman, founded Wilhelmina Models (b. 1940)
  • 1980 – Dixie Dean, English footballer (b. 1907)
  • 1983Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-English journalist and author (b. 1905)
  • 1984Jackie Coogan, American actor (b. 1914)[56]
  • 1988Joe Besser, American comedian and actor (b. 1907)
  • 1989Vasantdada Patil, Indian politician, 5th Chief Minister of Maharashtra (b. 1917)
  • 1991Edwin H. Land, American scientist and businessman, co-founded the Polaroid Corporation (b. 1909)
  • 1995César Rodríguez Álvarez, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1920)
  • 1995 – Georges J. F. Köhler, German biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1946)
  • 1998Archie Goodwin, American author and illustrator (b. 1937)
  • 2004Mian Ghulam Jilani, Pakistani general (b. 1914)
  • 2006Peter Osgood, English footballer (b. 1947)
  • 2006 – Jack Wild, English actor (b.1952)
  • 2006 – Nurasyura binte Mohamed Fauzi, Singaporean rape and murder victim.
  • 2010Kristian Digby, English television host and director (b. 1977)
  • 2012Andrew Breitbart, American journalist and publisher (b. 1969)
  • 2012 – Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist (b. 1932)
  • 2013Bonnie Franklin, American actress, dancer, and singer (b. 1944)
  • 2014Alain Resnais, French director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (b. 1922)
  • 2015Minnie Miñoso, Cuban-American baseball player and coach (b. 1922)
  • 2018María Rubio, Mexican television, film and stage actress (b. 1934)
  • 2019Mike Willesee, Australian journalist and producer (b. 1942)

Holidays and observances[]

References[]

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  2. ^ Banchich, Thomas Banchich M. (2009). The History of Zonaras: From Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius the Great. New York: Routledge. p. 137. ISBN 9780415299091.
  3. ^ Elton, Hugh (2018). The Roman Empire in Late Antiquity: A Political and Military History. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 72. ISBN 9780521899314.
  4. ^ Milman, Henry hart (1892). History of Latin Christianity: Including That of the Popes to the Pontificate of Nicolas V. Volume 5. New York: A.C. Armstrong. p. 546.
  5. ^ Lea, Henry Charles (2020). History of the Inquisition of Spain. Volume 1. Frankfurt, Germany: Outlook Verlag. p. 117. ISBN 9783752409109.
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