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February 28

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February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 306 days remain until the end of the year (307 in leap years).

It is the last day of February in common years and the penultimate day of February in leap years.

Events[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 0202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.[1]
  • 0870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes.[2]
  • 1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on the order of conquistador Hernán Cortés.[3]

1601–1900[]

  • 1638 – The Scottish National Covenant is signed in Edinburgh.[4]
  • 1710 – Battle of Helsingborg: Fourteen thousand Danish invaders under Jørgen Rantzau are decisively defeated by an equally sized Swedish force under Magnus Stenbock. This is the last time Swedish and Danish troops meet on Swedish soil.
  • 1835 – Elias Lönnrot signed and dated the first version of the Kalevala, the so-called foreword to the Old Kalevala.[5]
  • 1844 – A gun on USS Princeton explodes while the boat is on a Potomac River cruise, killing six people, including two United States Cabinet members.[6]
  • 1867 – Seventy years of Holy See–United States relations are ended by a Congressional ban on federal funding of diplomatic envoys to the Vatican and are not restored until January 10, 1984.
  • 1870 – The Bulgarian Exarchate is established by decree of Sultan Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire.
  • 1874 – One of the longest cases ever heard in an English court ends when the defendant is convicted of perjury for attempting to assume the identity of the heir to the Tichborne baronetcy.
  • 1893 – The USS Indiana, the lead ship of her class and the first battleship in the United States Navy comparable to foreign battleships of the time, is launched.
  • 1897 – Queen Ranavalona III, the last monarch of Madagascar, is deposed by a French military force.
  • 1900 – The Second Boer War: The 118-day "Siege of Ladysmith" is lifted.

1901–present[]

  • 1904 – S.L. Benfica is founded in Portugal.
  • 1922 – The United Kingdom ends its protectorate over Egypt through a Unilateral Declaration of Independence.
  • 1925 – The Charlevoix-Kamouraska earthquake strikes northeastern North America.
  • 1933 – Gleichschaltung: The Reichstag Fire Decree is passed in Germany a day after the Reichstag fire.
  • 1935 – DuPont scientist Wallace Carothers invents nylon.
  • 1939 – The erroneous word "dord" is discovered in the Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition, prompting an investigation.
  • 1940 – Basketball is televised for the first time (Fordham University vs. the University of Pittsburgh in Madison Square Garden).
  • 1942 – The heavy cruiser USS Houston is sunk in the Battle of Sunda Strait with 693 crew members killed, along with HMAS Perth which lost 375 men.
  • 1947 – February 28 Incident: In Taiwan, civil disorder is put down with the loss of an estimated 30,000 civilians.
  • 1948 – Christiansborg Cross-Roads shooting in the Gold Coast, when a British police officer opens fire on a march of ex-servicemen, killing three of them and sparking major riots and looting in Accra.
  • 1953 – James Watson and Francis Crick announce to friends that they have determined the chemical structure of DNA; the formal announcement takes place on April 25 following publication in April's Nature (pub. April 2).
  • 1954 – The first color television sets using the NTSC standard are offered for sale to the general public.
  • 1958 – A school bus in Floyd County, Kentucky hits a wrecker truck and plunges down an embankment into the rain-swollen Levisa Fork river. The driver and 26 children die in what remains one of the worst school bus accidents in U.S. history.[7]
  • 1959 – Discoverer 1, an American spy satellite that is the first object intended to achieve a polar orbit, is launched but fails to achieve orbit.[8]
  • 1966 – A NASA T-38 Talon crashes into the McDonnell Aircraft factory while attempting a poor-visibility landing at Lambert Field, St. Louis, killing astronauts Elliot See and Charles Bassett.
  • 1972 – China–United States relations: The United States and China sign the Shanghai Communiqué.
  • 1975 – In London, an underground train fails to stop at Moorgate terminus station and crashes into the end of the tunnel, killing 43 people.
  • 1980 – Andalusia approves its statute of autonomy through a referendum.
  • 1983 – The final episode of M*A*S*H airs, with almost 106 million viewers. It still holds the record for the highest viewership of a season finale.
  • 1985 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry, killing nine officers in the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day.
  • 1986 – Olof Palme, 26th Prime Minister of Sweden, is assassinated in Stockholm.
  • 1991 – The first Gulf War ends.
  • 1993 – The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents raid the Branch Davidian church in Waco, Texas with a warrant to arrest the group's leader David Koresh. Four ATF agents and six Davidians die in the initial raid, starting a 51-day standoff.
  • 1995 – Former Australian Liberal party leader John Hewson resigns from the Australian parliament almost two years after losing the 1993 Australian federal election.
  • 1997 – An earthquake in northern Iran is responsible for about 3,000 deaths.
  • 1997 – GRB 970228, a highly luminous flash of gamma rays, strikes the Earth for 80 seconds, providing early evidence that gamma-ray bursts occur well beyond the Milky Way.
  • 1997 – A Turkish military memorandum resulted with collapse of the government in Turkey.[9][10][11]
  • 1998 – First flight of RQ-4 Global Hawk, the first unmanned aerial vehicle certified to file its own flight plans and fly regularly in U.S. civilian airspace.
  • 1998 – Kosovo War: Serbian police begin the offensive against the Kosovo Liberation Army in Kosovo.
  • 2001 – 2001 Nisqually earthquake having a moment magnitude of 6.8, with epicenter in the southern Puget Sound, damages Seattle metropolitan area, leaving 400 people dead.[12]
  • 2002 – During the religious violence in Gujarat, 97 people are killed in the Naroda Patiya massacre and 69 in the Gulbarg Society massacre.
  • 2004 – Over one million Taiwanese participate in the 228 Hand-in-Hand rally form a 500-kilometre (310 mi) long human chain to commemorate the February 28 Incident in 1947.
  • 2005 – A suicide bombing at a police recruiting centre in Al Hillah, Iraq kills 127.
  • 2013 – Pope Benedict XVI resigns as the pope of the Catholic Church, becoming the first pope to do so since Pope Gregory XII, in 1415.[13]

Births[]

Pre-1600[]

1601–1900[]

  • 1675 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (died 1726)[20]
  • 1683 – René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, French entomologist and academic (died 1757)[21]
  • 1704 – Louis Godin, French astronomer and academic (died 1760)[22]
  • 1848 – Arthur Giry, French historian and academic (died 1899)[23]
  • 1858 – Tore Svennberg, Swedish actor and director (died 1941)[24]
  • 1866 – Vyacheslav Ivanov, Russian poet and playwright (died 1949)[25]
  • 1878 – Pierre Fatou, French mathematician and astronomer (died 1929)[26]
  • 1884 – Ants Piip, Estonian lawyer and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Estonia (died 1942)[27]
  • 1887 – William Zorach, Lithuanian-American sculptor and painter (died 1966)[28]
  • 1894 – Ben Hecht, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1964)[29]
  • 1896 – Philip Showalter Hench, American physician and endocrinologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1965)[30]
  • 1898 – Zeki Rıza Sporel, Turkish footballer (died 1969)[31]

1901–present[]

  • 1901 – Linus Pauling, American chemist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1994)[32]
  • 1906 – Bugsy Siegel, American gangster (died 1947)[33]
  • 1907 – Milton Caniff, American cartoonist (died 1988)[34]
  • 1908 – Billie Bird, American actress (died 2002)[35]
  • 1909 – Stephen Spender, English author and poet (died 1995)[36]
  • 1915 – Ketti Frings, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (died 1981)[37]
  • 1915 – Peter Medawar, Brazilian-English biologist and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1987)[38]
  • 1919 – Alfred Marshall, American businessman, founded Marshalls (died 2013)[39]
  • 1920 – Jadwiga Piłsudska, Polish soldier, pilot, and architect (died 2014)[40]
  • 1921 – Marah Halim Harahap, Indonesian military officer, Governor of North Sumatra (died 2015)[41]
  • 1922 – Radu Câmpeanu, Romanian politician (died 2016)[42]
  • 1924 – Robert A. Roe, American soldier and politician (died 2014)[43]
  • 1925 – Harry H. Corbett, Burmese-English actor (died 1982)[44]
  • 1928 – Stanley Baker, Welsh actor and producer (died 1976)[45]
  • 1928 – Tom Aldredge, American actor (died 2011)[46]
  • 1928 – Sylvia del Villard, actress, dancer, choreographer and Afro-Puerto Rican activist (died 1990)[47]
  • 1929 – Hayden Fry, American football player and coach (died 2019)[48]
  • 1929 – John Montague, American-Irish poet and academic (died 2016)[49]
  • 1930 – Leon Cooper, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[50]
  • 1931 – Peter Alliss, English golfer and sportscaster (died 2020)[51][52]
  • 1931 – Gavin MacLeod, American actor, Christian activist, and author (died 2021)[53][54]
  • 1931 – Len Newcombe, Welsh footballer and scout (died 1996)[55]
  • 1932 – Don Francks, Canadian actor, singer, and jazz musician (died 2016)[56]
  • 1933 – Rein Taagepera, Estonian political scientist and politician[57]
  • 1937 – Jeff Farrell, American swimmer[58]
  • 1939 – Daniel C. Tsui, Chinese-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[59]
  • 1939 – Tommy Tune, American actor, dancer, singer, theatre director, producer, and choreographer[60]
  • 1942 – Frank Bonner, American actor and television director (died 2021)[61]
  • 1942 – Brian Jones, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer (died 1969)[62]
  • 1943 – Barbara Acklin, American singer-songwriter (died 1998)[63]
  • 1944 – Edward Greenspan, Canadian lawyer and author (died 2014)[64]
  • 1944 – Sepp Maier, German footballer and manager[65]
  • 1944 – Storm Thorgerson, English graphic designer (died 2013)[66]
  • 1945 – Bubba Smith, American football player and actor (died 2011)[67]
  • 1946 – Robin Cook, Scottish educator and politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (died 2005)[68]
  • 1946 – Syreeta Wright, American singer-songwriter (died 2004)[69]
  • 1948 – Steven Chu, American physicist and politician, 12th United States Secretary of Energy, Nobel Prize laureate[70]
  • 1948 – Bernadette Peters, American actress, singer, and author[71]
  • 1949 – Zoia Ceaușescu, Romanian mathematician, daughter of Communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena Ceaușescu (died 2006)[72]
  • 1953 – Paul Krugman, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[73]
  • 1954 – Brian Billick, American football player, coach, and sportscaster[74]
  • 1955 – Adrian Dantley, American basketball player and coach[75]
  • 1955 – Gilbert Gottfried, American comedian, actor, and singer[76]
  • 1956 – Francis Hughes, Irish Republican, hunger striker (died 1981)[77]
  • 1956 – Terry Leahy, English businessman[78]
  • 1957 – Ian Smith, New Zealand cricketer and sportscaster[79]
  • 1957 – Cindy Wilson, American singer-songwriter[80]
  • 1958 – Manuel Torres Félix, Mexican criminal and narcotics trafficker (died 2012)[81]
  • 1958 – David R. Ross, Scottish historian and author (died 2010)[82]
  • 1961 – Barry McGuigan, Irish-British boxer[83]
  • 1963 – Claudio Chiappucci, Italian cyclist[84]
  • 1966 – Paulo Futre, Portuguese footballer[85]
  • 1966 – Archbishop Jovan VI of Ohrid[86]
  • 1967 – Colin Cooper, English footballer and manager[87]
  • 1967 – Seth Rudetsky, American musician, actor, writer, and radio host[88]
  • 1969 – Sean Farrel, English footballer[89]
  • 1969 – Butch Leitzinger, American race car driver[90]
  • 1970 – Noureddine Morceli, Algerian runner[91]
  • 1971 – Junya Nakano, Japanese pianist and composer[92]
  • 1972 – Ville Haapasalo, Finnish actor and screenwriter[93]
  • 1973 – Eric Lindros, Canadian ice hockey player[94]
  • 1973 – Scott McLeod, New Zealand rugby player[95]
  • 1973 – Nicolas Minassian, French race car driver
  • 1973 – Masato Tanaka, Japanese wrestler[96]
  • 1974 – Lee Carsley, English-Irish footballer and manager[97]
  • 1974 – Alexander Zickler, German footballer and manager[98]
  • 1975 – Mike Rucker, American football player[99]
  • 1977 – Lance Hoyt, American football player and wrestler[100]
  • 1978 – Benjamin Raich, Austrian skier[101]
  • 1978 – Jamaal Tinsley, American basketball player[102]
  • 1978 – Mariano Zabaleta, Argentinian tennis player[103]
  • 1979 – Sébastien Bourdais, French race car driver[104]
  • 1979 – Ivo Karlović, Croatian tennis player[105]
  • 1980 – Pascal Bosschaart, Dutch footballer[106]
  • 1980 – Christian Poulsen, Danish footballer[107]
  • 1980 – Tayshaun Prince, American basketball player[108]
  • 1981 – Brian Bannister, American baseball player and scout[109]
  • 1982 – Natalia Vodianova, Russian-French model and actress[110]
  • 1984 – Karolína Kurková, Czech model and actress
  • 1985 – Tim Bresnan, English cricketer[111]
  • 1985 – Jelena Janković, Serbian tennis player[112]
  • 1985 – Diego Ribas da Cunha, Brazilian footballer[113]
  • 1987 – Antonio Candreva, Italian footballer[114]
  • 1988 – Aroldis Chapman, Cuban baseball player[115]
  • 1989 – Carlos Dunlap, American football player[116]
  • 1989 – Charles Jenkins, American basketball player[117]
  • 1989 – Kevin Proctor, New Zealand rugby league player[118]
  • 1990 – Takayasu Akira, Japanese sumo wrestler[119]
  • 1994 – Arkadiusz Milik, Polish footballer[120]
  • 1999 – Luka Dončić, Slovenian basketball player[121]

Deaths[]

Pre-1600[]

  • 0628 – Khosrow II, Shah of Iran, Sasanian Empire (born c. 570)[122]

1601–1900[]

1901–present[]

  • 1929 – Clemens von Pirquet, Austrian physician and immunologist (born 1874)[125]
  • 1932 – Guillaume Bigourdan, French astronomer and academic (born 1851)[126]
  • 1936 – Charles Nicolle, French biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1866)[127]
  • 1966 – Charles Bassett, American captain, engineer, and astronaut (born 1931)[128]
  • 1966 – Elliot See, American commander, engineer, and astronaut (born 1927)[128]
  • 1977 – Eddie "Rochester" Anderson, American actor and comedian (born 1905)[129][130]
  • 1978 – Zara Cully, American actress (born 1892)[131]
  • 1993 – Ruby Keeler, Canadian-American actress and dancer (born 1909)[132]
  • 1998 – Arkady Shevchenko, Ukrainian diplomat (born 1930)[133]
  • 2002 – Mary Stuart, American actress and singer (born 1926)[134]
  • 2002 – Helmut Zacharias, German violinist and composer (born 1920)[135]
  • 2003 – Chris Brasher, Guyanese-English runner and journalist, co-founded the London Marathon (born 1928)[136]
  • 2004 – Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian and librarian (born 1914)[137]
  • 2005 – Chris Curtis, English singer and drummer (born 1941)[138]
  • 2006 – Owen Chamberlain, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1920)[139]
  • 2007 – Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. American historian and critic (born 1917)[140]
  • 2009 – Paul Harvey, American radio host (born 1918)[141]
  • 2011 – Annie Girardot, French actress (born 1931)[142]
  • 2013 – Donald A. Glaser, American physicist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1926)[143]
  • 2014 – Hugo Brandt Corstius, Dutch linguist and author (born 1935)[144][145]
  • 2015 – Yaşar Kemal, Turkish journalist and author (born 1923)[146][147]
  • 2016 – George Kennedy, American actor (born 1925)[148]
  • 2017 – Pierre Pascau, Mauritian-Canadian journalist (born 1938)
  • 2019 – André Previn, German-American pianist, conductor, and composer. (born 1929)[149]
  • 2020 – Joe Coulombe, founder of Trader Joe's (born 1930)[150]
  • 2020 – Freeman Dyson, British-born American physicist and mathematician (born 1923)[151]
  • 2020 – Sir Lenox Hewitt, Australian public servant (born 1917)[152]

Holidays and observances[]

The Kalevala

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