1638

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
  • 16th century
  • 17th century
  • 18th century
Decades:
Years:
  • 1635
  • 1636
  • 1637
  • 1638
  • 1639
  • 1640
  • 1641
1638 by topic
Arts and science
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
  • Works
1638 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1638
MDCXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita2391
Armenian calendar1087
ԹՎ ՌՁԷ
Assyrian calendar6388
Balinese saka calendar1559–1560
Bengali calendar1045
Berber calendar2588
English Regnal year13 Cha. 1 – 14 Cha. 1
Buddhist calendar2182
Burmese calendar1000
Byzantine calendar7146–7147
Chinese calendar丁丑年 (Fire Ox)
4334 or 4274
    — to —
戊寅年 (Earth Tiger)
4335 or 4275
Coptic calendar1354–1355
Discordian calendar2804
Ethiopian calendar1630–1631
Hebrew calendar5398–5399
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1694–1695
 - Shaka Samvat1559–1560
 - Kali Yuga4738–4739
Holocene calendar11638
Igbo calendar638–639
Iranian calendar1016–1017
Islamic calendar1047–1048
Japanese calendarKan'ei 15
(寛永１５年)
Javanese calendar1559–1560
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3971
Minguo calendar274 before ROC
民前274年
Nanakshahi calendar170
Thai solar calendar2180–2181
Tibetan calendar阴火牛年
(female Fire-Ox)
1764 or 1383 or 611
    — to —
阳土虎年
(male Earth-Tiger)
1765 or 1384 or 612
June 20: Battle of Kallo

1638 (MDCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1638th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 638th year of the 2nd millennium, the 38th year of the 17th century, and the 9th year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1638, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[]

January–June[]

  • February 28 – The Scottish National Covenant is signed in Edinburgh, Scotland.[1]
  • March 3 – Battle of Rheinfelden: A mercenary army under Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, fighting for France, defeats Imperial forces.[2]
  • March 5 – Thirty Years' War – The Treaty of Hamburg is signed by France and Sweden.
  • March 22 – Anne Hutchinson is banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for heresy, and goes to Rhode Island.
  • March 29 – Settlers from Sweden arrive on the ships Kalmar Nyckel and Fogel Grip, to establish the settlement of New Sweden in Delaware, beginning the Swedish colonization of the Americas.
  • April 3 – John Wheelwright is banished from Boston, and founds Exeter, New Hampshire.
  • April 15 – Shogunate forces defeat the last remnants of the Shimabara Rebellion, in the fortress of Hara.
  • May 13 – Construction begins on the Red Fort in Delhi (India) for Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan who is transferring his capital there from Agra.
  • May 23 – The Kandyan Treaty is signed between Singhala King Rajasimha II and the Dutch, to rid Ceylon of the Portuguese.
  • June 20 – Eighty Years' War – Battle of Kallo: Spanish troops under Ferdinand of Austria defeat a much larger Dutch force, near Antwerp.
  • June 27 – Patriarch Cyril of Constantinople is deposed for high treason, and strangled and thrown into the sea by Janissaries, on Ottoman Sultan Murad IV's command.

July–December[]

  • September 21 – The Treaty of Hartford is signed, ending the Pequot War between British American colonists and the Pequot.
  • September – John Spofford arrives in Boston Harbor, on the ship John of London, and is one of the first people to establish Rowely, Essex County, Massachusetts.
  • October 21 – The Great Thunderstorm breaks out in Widecombe-in-the-Moor, England.
  • November – The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is summoned to Glasgow, by King Charles I of England.
  • December 18 – Cardinal Mazarin becomes the first adviser to French potentate Richelieu, on the death of Leclerc du Tremblay.
  • December 21 – The full moon is in total eclipse[where?] from 1:12 to 2:47 UT, and the solstice occurs later in the day, at 16:05 UT.
  • December 25 – Capture of Baghdad by the Ottomans under Sultan Murad IV.

Date unknown[]

  • Scottish Covenanters meet at Muchalls Castle, to compose responses to the Bishops of Aberdeen.
  • Pedro Teixeira makes the first ascent of the Amazon River, from its mouth to Quito, Ecuador (the same trip had been made in the opposite direction, in 1541).
  • Dutch merchant Willem Kieft is appointed Director of New Amsterdam, by the Dutch West India Company.
  • The Netherlands colonizes Mauritius.
  • The Dutch settle in Ceylon.
  • The Finnish postal service, now called Suomen Posti, is founded.
  • New Haven, the first planned city in America, is founded.
  • Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and his sons capture the city of Kandahar, from the Safavids.
  • Shipwrecked English buccaneer Peter Wallace, called Ballis by the Spanish, settles near and perhaps gives his name to the Belize River, the first known European settlement in Belize.
  • The Peking Gazette makes an official switch in its production process of newspapers, from woodblock printing to movable type printing (private newspapers in Ming Dynasty China were first mentioned in 1582).

Births[]

Elisabetta Sirani
Shunzhi Emperor
Frederik Ruysch
Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve
Louis XIV of France

January–March[]

April–June[]

  • April 2
  • May 9 – Gregorio Vasquez de Arce y Ceballos, Colombian painter (d. 1711)
  • May 11 – Guy-Crescent Fagon, French physician and botanist (d. 1718)
  • May 12 – Pedro Atanasio Bocanegra, Spanish artist (d. 1688)
  • May 13 – Richard Simon, French Biblical critic (d. 1712)
  • May 29 – John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland, English nobleman and politician (d. 1711)
  • June 2 – Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, English nobleman (d. 1709)
  • June 3 – Thomas Smith, English scholar (d. 1710)
  • June 8 – Pierre Magnol, French botanist (d. 1715)
  • June 21 – Sir William Roberts, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1688)
  • June 23 – Princess Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, German noblewoman (d. 1679)
  • June 27 – Samuel Frisching, Bernese soldier and politician (d. 1721)
  • June 28 – Louise Marie de La Grange d'Arquien, French noblewoman (d. 1728)
  • June 29 – Heinrich Meibom, German physicist and scholar (d. 1700)

July–September[]

October–December[]

Date unknown[]

  • Hannah Allen, British writer (d. 1668)

Deaths[]

Cornelis van Haarlem
Barbara Longhi

References[]

  1. ^ Lynch, Michael, ed. (February 24, 2011). The Oxford companion to Scottish history. Oxford University Press. p. 436. ISBN 9780199693054.
  2. ^ Parrott, David (2001). Richelieu's army : war, government, and society in France, 1624-1642. Cambridge, U.K. New York, N.Y: Cambridge University Press. p. 205. ISBN 9780521792097.
  3. ^ Nadler, Steven (2000). The Cambridge companion to Malebranche. Cambridge England New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780521627290.
  4. ^ Panton, Kenneth (2011). Historical dictionary of the British monarchy. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 562. ISBN 9780810874978.
  5. ^ Carey, Patrick (2000). Biographical dictionary of Christian theologians. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 273. ISBN 9780313296499.

Historical Events in 1638

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