1708

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
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  • 18th century
  • 19th century
Decades:
  • 1680s
  • 1690s
  • 1700s
  • 1710s
  • 1720s
Years:
  • 1705
  • 1706
  • 1707
  • 1708
  • 1709
  • 1710
  • 1711
1708 by topic
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1708 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1708
MDCCVIII
Ab urbe condita2461
Armenian calendar1157
ԹՎ ՌՃԾԷ
Assyrian calendar6458
Balinese saka calendar1629–1630
Bengali calendar1115
Berber calendar2658
British Regnal year6 Ann. 1 – 7 Ann. 1
Buddhist calendar2252
Burmese calendar1070
Byzantine calendar7216–7217
Chinese calendar丁亥年 (Fire Pig)
4404 or 4344
    — to —
戊子年 (Earth Rat)
4405 or 4345
Coptic calendar1424–1425
Discordian calendar2874
Ethiopian calendar1700–1701
Hebrew calendar5468–5469
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1764–1765
 - Shaka Samvat1629–1630
 - Kali Yuga4808–4809
Holocene calendar11708
Igbo calendar708–709
Iranian calendar1086–1087
Islamic calendar1119–1120
Japanese calendarHōei 5
(宝永５年)
Javanese calendar1631–1632
Julian calendarGregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar4041
Minguo calendar204 before ROC
民前204年
Nanakshahi calendar240
Thai solar calendar2250–2251
Tibetan calendar阴火猪年
(female Fire-Pig)
1834 or 1453 or 681
    — to —
阳土鼠年
(male Earth-Rat)
1835 or 1454 or 682
September 28: Battle of Lesnaya.

1708 (MDCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1708th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 708th year of the 2nd millennium, the 8th year of the 18th century, and the 9th year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1708, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

In the Swedish calendar it was a leap year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

Events[]

January–June[]

  • January 1 – Charles XII of Sweden invades Russia, by crossing the frozen Vistula River with 40,000 men.
  • January 12 – Shahu I becomes the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire in the Indian subcontinent.
  • February 26 – HMS Falmouth, a 50-gun fourth-rate ship of the line built at Woolwich Dockyard for the Royal Navy, is launched.
  • March 11 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.
  • March 23 – James Francis Edward Stuart, Jacobite pretender to the throne of Great Britain, unsuccessfully tries to land from a French fleet in the Firth of Forth in Scotland.
  • April 8 – Easter Sunday: The first performance of George Frideric Handel's oratorio La resurrezione takes place in Rome.
  • April 9 – Ottoman princess Emine Sultan, daughter of Sultan Mustafa II, marries Grand Vizier Çorlulu Ali Pasha.
  • April 28 – The Great Hoei fire breaks out in Kyoto, Japan, destroying the Imperial Palace and a large portion of the old capital.
  • June 8 – War of Spanish Succession: Wager's Action, a naval confrontation, takes place between a British squadron under Charles Wager and the Spanish treasure fleet.

July–December[]

  • July 1 – Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia.
  • July 11 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Oudenarde: Allied forces under the command of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeat the French.[1]
  • August – The future Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor weds Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
  • August 3 – In the Battle of Trenčín, 8,000 soldiers of the Imperial Army of the Habsburgs are victorious over the 15,000 Hungarian Kuruc forces of Francis II Rákóczi.
  • August 18 – War of the Spanish Succession: Menorca is captured by British forces.[1]
  • August 23 – Meidingu Pamheiba is crowned King of Manipur.
  • August 29 – A native American attack in Haverhill, Massachusetts kills 16 settlers.
  • September 28 (O.S.); September 29 (Swedish calendar); October 9 (N.S.) – Great Northern War – Battle of Lesnaya: Peter the Great of Russia defeats the forces of the Swedish Empire.
  • October 12 – War of the Spanish Succession: British forces capture Lille after a two-month siege, although the citadel continues to hold out for another six weeks.[2]
  • October 26 – Topping out of new St Paul's Cathedral in London.[3]
  • December 14 – The première of Electre by Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon takes place in Paris.[4]
  • December 17 – Deborah Churchill, British pickpocket and prostitute, is executed before a large crowd for being an accomplice to murder.

Date unknown[]

  • Fearful of a Swedish attack, the Russians blow up the city of Tartu, Estonia.
  • The Russians burned the city of Porvoo, Finland (at the time part of Sweden).[5][6]
  • One third of the population of Masuria dies of the plague.
  • Johann Sebastian Bach is appointed as chamber musician and organist, at the court in Weimar.
  • Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico delivers his inaugural lecture to the University of Naples, which will be published in 1709 as his first book, De Nostri Temporis Studiorum Ratione (On the Order of the Scholarly Disciplines of Our Times).
  • Calcareous hard-paste porcelain is produced for the first time in Europe, at Dresden, Saxony, by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, and developed after his death (October) by Johann Friedrich Böttger.
  • The Company of Merchants of London Trading (with consent of the Parliament of Great Britain) merges with the East Indies, and the more recently established English Company Trading to the East Indies, to form the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies, known as the Honourable East India Company.[7]

Births[]

Pompeo Batoni born 25 January
Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart born 27 January
Augustin-Joseph de Mailly born 5 April
Johann Adolf Scheibe born 5 May
John Spencer born 13 May
Henry Bilson-Legge born 29 May
Silvester Gardiner born 29 June
Jean-Rodolphe Perronet born 27 October
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham born 15 November

January–March[]

  • January 1 – Anton Wilhelm Plaz, German physician and botanist (d. 1784)
  • January 3 – Johannes Van Rensselaer, member of the prominent colonial Van Rensselaer family (d. 1783)
  • January 10 – Donat Nonnotte, French painter who specialized in portraiture (d. 1785)
  • January 14 – Charles Armand René de La Trémoille, French soldier and president of the States of Brittany (d. 1741)
  • January 15 – Giovanni Salvemini, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1791)
  • January 17 – Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos (d. 1771)
  • January 23 – Luigi Crespi, Italian painter (d. 1779)
  • January 25 – Pompeo Batoni, Italian painter (d. 1787)
  • January 26 – William Hayes, composer (d. 1777)
  • January 27
  • January 30 – Georg Dionysius Ehret, botanist and entomologist known for his botanical illustrations (d. 1770)
  • February 3 – Johann Michael Hartung, German organ builder and public figure from Dürkheim (d. 1763)
  • February 8 – Václav Jan Kopřiva, Bohemian composer and organist (d. 1789)
  • February 11 – Egidio Duni, Italian composer who studied in Naples and worked in Italy (d. 1775)
  • February 15
  • February 19 – Scrope Berdmore, English clergyman (d. 1770)
  • February 23 – Chauncy Townsend, City of London merchant and a Member of Parliament in the Parliament of Great Britain (d. 1770)
  • February 25 – Felix Benda, Bohemian composer and organist (d. 1768)
  • February 29
  • March 5
    • Susanna Boylston, prominent early-American socialite (d. 1797)
    • Moritz Franz Kasimir von Wobersnow, Prussian major general of infantry and a general adjutant of Frederick the Great (d. 1759)
  • March 8 – John Campbell, Scottish author (d. 1775)
  • March 15 – John Hulse, British Anglican priest (d. 1790)
  • March 17 – Johanna Magdalene of Saxe-Weissenfels, Duchess consort of Courland (d. 1760)
  • March 22 – Ernst Henrich Berling, German-Danish book printer and publisher (d. 1750)
  • March 26 – Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere (d. 1774)
  • March 31 – Jean Chastel, farmer and inn-keeper from the province of Gévaudan in France (d. 1790)

April–June[]

July–September[]

October–December[]

  • date unknown
    • Baal Shem of London, German-born Kabbalist (d. 1782)
    • Richard Dawes, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
    • Elizabeth Scott, British-American poet, hymnwriter (d. 1776)

Deaths[]

  • January 31 – Friedrich Seyler, Swiss theologian (b. 1642)
  • March 5 – William Beveridge, English Bishop of St. Asaph (b. 1637)
  • March 15 – William Walsh, English/British politician (b. 1662)
  • March 19 – Samuel Rodigast, German poet, hymnwriter (b. 1649)
  • April 5 – Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach, German prince (b. 1661)
  • April 17 – Jacques Gravier, French Jesuit missionary in the New World (b. 1651)
  • April 20 – Damaris Cudworth Masham, English philosopher (b. 1659)
  • April 23 – Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1632-1708) (b. 1622)
  • May 6 – François de Laval, first bishop of New France (b. 1623)
  • May 11 – Jules Hardouin-Mansart, French Baroque architect (b. 1646)
  • May 12 – Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1658)
  • June 5 – Ignatius George II, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch (b. 1648)[9]
  • June 21 – John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton, Scottish politician (b. 1656)
  • June 28 – Melchor Liñán y Cisneros, Spanish Catholic archbishop (b. 1629)
  • June 30 – Emperor Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (stabbed to death) (b. 1706)
  • July 5 – Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, only child of Duke Charles II (b. 1652)
  • July 10 – James Kendall, English soldier, politician (b. 1647)
  • July 21 – Conrad von Reventlow, Danish statesman and the first Grand Chancellor of Denmark (b. 1644)
  • August 1 – Edward Tyson, British scientist (b. 1651)
  • September 6 – Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet, English merchant and philanthropist (b. 1623)
  • September 19 – Francis Newport, 1st Earl of Bradford, English politician (b. 1620)
  • September 29 – Sir James Oxenden, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1641)
  • October 1 – John Blow, British composer (b. 1649)
  • October 2 – Anne Jules de Noailles, French general (b. 1650)
Guru Gobind Singh
  • October 7 – Guru Gobind Singh, 10th Guru Sahib of Sikhism, social reformist, poet and revolutionary (b. 1666)
  • October 9 – Olympia Mancini, French courtier (b. 1638)
  • October 10 – David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (b. 1659)
  • October 11 – Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (b. 1651)[10]
  • October 21 – Christian Weise, German writer, dramatist, poet, pedagogue and librarian (b. 1642)
  • October 22
    • Cesare Pronti, Italian painter (b. 1626)
    • Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (b. 1636)[11]
  • October 24 – Seki Kōwa, Japanese mathematician (b. c. 1640)
  • October 28 – Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1653)
  • October 31 – Nathaniel Higginson, English politician (b. 1652)
  • November 3 – Countess Henriette Catherine of Nassau, daughter of Frederick Henry (b. 1637)
  • November 10 – David Makeléer, Swedish politician (b. 1646)
  • November 13 – Charles, Count of Marsan, French noble (b. 1648)
  • November 16 – Alexander Edward, Scottish landscape architect (b. 1651)
  • November 17 – Ludolf Bakhuizen, Dutch painter (b. 1631)
  • December 16
    • Juan Ortega y Montañés, Spanish Catholic bishop, colonial administrator in Guatemala and New Spain (b. 1627)
    • Nicolas Pasquin, early pioneer in New France (now Quebec) (b. 1648)
  • December 22 – Hedvig Sophia of Sweden, Swedish princess (b. 1681)
  • December 28 – Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist (b. 1656)
  • Date unknown – Anna Maria Clodt, Swedish courtier (b. ?)

References[]

  1. ^ a b Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 292. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  2. ^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 205–206. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  3. ^ "Stamps celebrate St Paul's with Wren epitaph". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on May 19, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  4. ^ Claude-Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon; Marillier (1785). Oeuvres complettes de Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon. chez les Libraires Associés. pp. 187–.
  5. ^ Historia – Porvoossa.fi (in Finnish)
  6. ^ About Porvoo – Metal Safaris
  7. ^ Landow, George P. (2010). "The British East India Company — the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two)". The Victorian Web. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  8. ^ Association des bibliothécaires français (1909). Revue des bibliothèques. Émile Bouillon. p. 298-299.
  9. ^ Barsoum, Ephrem (2009). History of the Syriac Dioceses. Vol. 1. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. p. 1.
  10. ^ "Pierre Costabel". Leibniz and Dynamics: The Texts of 1962. Hermann. 1973. p. 69.
  11. ^ J. Bertrand Payne (2020). Haydn ́s Universal Index of Biography. Salzwasser-Verlag GmbH. p. 576. ISBN 9783846047712.
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