1770

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For the highway, see Kentucky Route 1770. For the year BCE, see 1770 BC.

This article is about the year 1770. For the village in Queensland, see Seventeen Seventy, Queensland. For the mummy, see 1770 (mummy). For 1967 JR, the asteroid numbered 1770, see 1770 Schlesinger. For other uses, see 1770 (disambiguation).
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
  • 17th century
  • 18th century
  • 19th century
Decades:
Years:
  • 1767
  • 1768
  • 1769
  • 1770
  • 1771
  • 1772
  • 1773
1770 by topic
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Birth and death categories
  • Births
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Establishments and disestablishments categories
  • Establishments
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  • Works
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1770 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1770
MDCCLXX
Ab urbe condita2523
Armenian calendar1219
ԹՎ ՌՄԺԹ
Assyrian calendar6520
Balinese saka calendar1691–1692
Bengali calendar1177
Berber calendar2720
British Regnal year10 Geo. 3 – 11 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar2314
Burmese calendar1132
Byzantine calendar7278–7279
Chinese calendar己丑年 (Earth Ox)
4466 or 4406
    — to —
庚寅年 (Metal Tiger)
4467 or 4407
Coptic calendar1486–1487
Discordian calendar2936
Ethiopian calendar1762–1763
Hebrew calendar5530–5531
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1826–1827
 - Shaka Samvat1691–1692
 - Kali Yuga4870–4871
Holocene calendar11770
Igbo calendar770–771
Iranian calendar1148–1149
Islamic calendar1183–1184
Japanese calendarMeiwa 7
(明和７年)
Javanese calendar1695–1696
Julian calendarGregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar4103
Minguo calendar142 before ROC
民前142年
Nanakshahi calendar302
Thai solar calendar2312–2313
Tibetan calendar阴土牛年
(female Earth-Ox)
1896 or 1515 or 743
    — to —
阳金虎年
(male Iron-Tiger)
1897 or 1516 or 744
April 29: James Cook lands in Botany Bay.
July 5: Battle of Chesma, painting by Ivan Aivazovsky

1770 (MDCCLXX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1770th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 770th year of the 2nd millennium, the 70th year of the 18th century, and the 1st year of the 1770s decade. As of the start of 1770, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[]

January– March[]

  • January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort.
  • February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Virginia is destroyed by fire, along with most of his books.[1]
  • February 14 – Scottish explorer James Bruce arrives at Gondar, capital of Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and is received by the Emperor Tekle Haymanot II and Ras Mikael Sehul.[2]
  • February 22 – Christopher Seider, an 11-year-old boy in Boston at the British Province of Massachusetts Bay, is shot and killed by a colonial official, Ebenezer Richardson. The funeral sets off anti-British protests that lead to the massacre days later.[3]
  • March 5 – Boston Massacre: Eleven American men are shot (five fatally) by British troops, in an event that helps start the American Revolutionary War five years later.
  • March 21 – King Prithvi Narayan Shah shifts to the newly constructed Basantapur Palace in the capital Kathmandu as the first King of Unified Kingdom of Nepal
  • March 26 – First voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew aboard HMS Endeavour complete the circumnavigation of New Zealand.

April–June[]

  • April 12 – The Townshend Acts were repealed by Britain's Parliament by the efforts of Prime Minister Frederick North, with the exception of the increased duties on imported tea. The American colonists, in turn, stopped their embargo on British imports.[4]
  • April 18 (April 19 by Cook's log)[5] 18:00 – First voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew become the first recorded Europeans to encounter the eastern coastline of the Australian continent. Land was sighted at Point Hicks, and named after Lieutenant Hicks who first observed landform at 6am.
  • April 20 – Battle of Aspindza: Georgian king Erekle II defeats the Ottoman forces, despite being abandoned by an ally, Russian General Totleben.
  • April 29 – First voyage of James Cook: Captain Cook drops anchor on HMS Endeavour in a wide bay, about 16 km (10 mi) south of the present city of Sydney, Australia. Because the young botanist on board the ship, Joseph Banks, discovers 30,000 specimens of plant life in the area, 1,600 of them unknown to European science, Cook names the place Botany Bay on May 7.
  • May 7 – Fourteen-year-old Marie Antoinette arrives at the French court.
  • May 16 – Marie Antoinette marries Louis-Auguste (who later becomes King Louis XVI of France).
  • May 20 – A stampede, at a celebration of the newly wedded Marie Antoinette and Louis-Auguste in Paris, kills more than a hundred people.[6]
  • June 3 –
  • June 9 – Falklands Crisis (1770): Some 1,600 Spanish marines, sent by the Spanish governor of Buenos Aires in five frigates, seize Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands. The small British force present promptly surrenders.[7]
  • June 11 – First voyage of James Cook: HMS Endeavour grounds on the Great Barrier Reef.

July– September[]

  • July 1 – Lexell's Comet (D/1770 L1) passes the Earth at a distance of 2184129 km, the closest approach by a comet in recorded history.[8]
  • July 5 – Battle of Chesma and Battle of Larga: The Russian Empire defeats the Ottoman Empire in both battles. When the news of the defeat reaches the Ottoman city of Smyrna (July 8), the crowd attacks the Greek community of the city (perceived as favourable to the Russian cause) and kills an estimated 200 Greeks and three Western Europeans (although some reports estimate the number of victims at 3,000 or even 5,000 including "3 or 4 thousands who die due to the fright").[9][10]
  • August 1 (July 21 O.S.) – Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) – Battle of Kagul: Russian commander Pyotr Rumyantsev routs 150,000 Turks.
  • August 22 (August 23 by Cook's log) – First voyage of James Cook: Captain Cook determines that New Holland (Australia) is not contiguous with New Guinea, and claims the whole of its eastern coast for Great Britain, later naming it all New South Wales.
  • c. September – Johann Gottfried Herder meets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Strasbourg.
  • September 24 – In Hillsborough, North Carolina, the Regulator Movement riots against local authorities.[11]

October–December[]

  • October 11 – Phillis Wheatley becomes the first African American woman to have her work published, after having written a poetic elegy to the late Reverend George Whitefield.[12]
  • November 14 – James Bruce discovers what he believes to be the source of the Nile.
  • December 7 – King Louis XV of France issues the "Edict of December", dismissing the rebellious magistrates of the Parlements of Paris and the other 13 provinces.[13][14]
  • December 24 – France's Secretary of the Navy, César Gabriel de Choiseul, is fired from his position by the king.[15]

Date unknown[]

  • Joseph Priestley, British chemist, recommends the use of a rubber to remove pencil marks.
  • Joseph-Louis Lagrange proves Bachet's Conjecture.
  • The Baron d'Holbach's (anonymous) materialist work Le Système de la Nature ou Des Loix du Monde Physique et du Monde Moral is produced in Neuchâtel.
  • The last Cuman who spoke the Cuman language ( [fr]) dies in Hungary.

Births[]

Manuel Belgrano
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Ludwig van Beethoven
  • December 17 (bapt.) – Ludwig van Beethoven, German classical composer (d. 1827)
  • December 18 – Nicolas Joseph Maison, Marshal of France, Minister of War (d. 1840)

Deaths[]

  • January 7 – Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (b. 1695)
  • January 8 – John Michael Rysbrack, Flemish sculptor (b. 1694)
  • January 20 – Charles Yorke, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1722)
  • January 27 – Johann Karl Philipp von Cobenzl, 18th-century politician (b. 1712)
  • January 30 – Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius de Soldanis, Maltese linguist, historian and cleric (b. 1712)
  • January 27 – Philippe Macquer, French historian (b. 1720)
  • February 26 – Giuseppe Tartini, Italian composer, violinist (b. 1692)
  • March 5 – Crispus Attucks, African-American dockworker, first to die in the Boston Massacre (b. 1723)
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
George Whitefield

References[]

  1. ^ Allen Jayne, Jefferson's Declaration of Independence: Origins, Philosophy, and Theology (University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p41
  2. ^ "Bruce, James", in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume IV (Cambridge University Press, 1911) p676
  3. ^ James Marten, Children in Colonial America (NYU Press, 2007) p173
  4. ^ Gordon Carruth, ed., The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates 3rd Edition (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962) pp78-79
  5. ^ Hinks, Arthur R. (1935). "Nautical time and civil date". The Geographical Journal. 86 (2): 153–157. doi:10.2307/1786590. JSTOR 1786590.
  6. ^ Helene Delalex; Alexandre Maral; Nicolas Milovanovic (2016). Marie-Antoinette. Getty Publications. p. 25. ISBN 9781606064832.
  7. ^ "Nationalism and the Falkland Islands War". Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved August 19, 2007.
  8. ^ "D/1770 L1 (Lexell)". Gary W. Kronk's Cometography. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  9. ^ Rear, Marjorie (2015). "William Barker. Member of the Right Worshipful Levant Company 1731-1825. A Life in Smyrna" (PDF): 30. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ^ Blondy, Alain; Labat Saint Vincent, Xavier (2014). Malte et Marseille au XVIIIème siècle. La Fondation de Malte. p. 161. ISBN 9781291435467.
  11. ^ Charles D. Rodenbough, Governor Alexander Martin: Biography of a North Carolina Revolutionary War Statesman (McFarland, 2004) p28
  12. ^ Vincent Carretta, Phillis Wheatley: Biography of a Genius in Bondage (University of Georgia Press, 2014) p78
  13. ^ Leonore Loft, Passion, Politics, and Philosophie: Rediscovering J.-P. Brissot (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002) p55
  14. ^ Dale K. Van Kley, The Religious Origins of the French Revolution: From Calvin to the Civil Constitution, 1560-1791 (Yale University Press, 1996) p249
  15. ^ Antony Strugnell, Diderot’s Politics: A Study of the Evolution of Diderot’s Political Thought after the Encyclopedie (Martinus Nijhoff, 2012) p123

Further reading[]

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