1703

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
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  • 1704
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1703 by topic
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1703 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1703
MDCCIII
Ab urbe condita2456
Armenian calendar1152
ԹՎ ՌՃԾԲ
Assyrian calendar6453
Balinese saka calendar1624–1625
Bengali calendar1110
Berber calendar2653
English Regnal year1 Ann. 1 – 2 Ann. 1
Buddhist calendar2247
Burmese calendar1065
Byzantine calendar7211–7212
Chinese calendar壬午年 (Water Horse)
4399 or 4339
    — to —
癸未年 (Water Goat)
4400 or 4340
Coptic calendar1419–1420
Discordian calendar2869
Ethiopian calendar1695–1696
Hebrew calendar5463–5464
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1759–1760
 - Shaka Samvat1624–1625
 - Kali Yuga4803–4804
Holocene calendar11703
Igbo calendar703–704
Iranian calendar1081–1082
Islamic calendar1114–1115
Japanese calendarGenroku 16
(元禄１６年)
Javanese calendar1626–1627
Julian calendarGregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar4036
Minguo calendar209 before ROC
民前209年
Nanakshahi calendar235
Thai solar calendar2245–2246
Tibetan calendar阳水马年
(male Water-Horse)
1829 or 1448 or 676
    — to —
阴水羊年
(female Water-Goat)
1830 or 1449 or 677
November 24: The Great Storm of 1703.

1703 (MDCCIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1703rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 703rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 3rd year of the 18th century, and the 4th year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1703, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Thursday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

Events[]

January–March[]

  • January 9 – The Jamaican town of Port Royal, a center of trade in the Western Hemisphere and, at the time, the largest city in the Caribbean, is destroyed by a fire. British ships in the harbor are able to rescue much of the merchandise that has been unloaded on the docks, but the inventory in marketplaces in town is destroyed.[1]
  • January 14 – The magnitude 6.7 Norcia earthquake affects Central Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). With a death toll of 6,240–9,761, it is the first in a sequence of three destructive events.
  • January 16 – The magnitude 6.2 Montereale earthquake causes damage at Accumoli, Armatrice, Cittareale, and Montereale, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe).
  • January 30 (December 14 of previous year in the Chinese calendar) – In Japan, Forty-seven rōnin assassinate daimyō Kira Yoshinaka, the enemy of their former lord Asano Naganori, at his own mansion as a vengeance; 46 of the 47 samurai commit seppuku, a ritual suicide on March 20 (February 4 in the Chinese calendar).
  • February 2 – The magnitude 6.7 L'Aquila earthquake affects Central Italy, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). In the final large event (an example of Coulomb stress transfer), damage occurs as far distant as Rome, with landslides, liquefaction, slope failures and at least 2,500 deaths.
  • February – Soldiers at Fort Louis de la Mobile celebrate Mardi Gras in Mobile, starting the tradition for Mobile, Alabama.
  • March 1 – The Recruiting Act 1703 goes into effect in England, providing for the forcible enlistment of able-bodied, but unemployed, into the English Army and Royal Navy in order to fight in Queen Anne's War in North America. The Act expires at the end of February, 1704.
  • March 15 – The landmark English court case of Rose v Royal College of Physicians is decided by the Court of Queen’s Bench, beginning the end of the monopoly that the Royal College of Physicians has over the practice of medicine.
  • March 19 – The Siege of Guadeloupe begins as an expeditionary force, led by Christopher Codrington and Hovenden Walker, lands at Basse-Terre and attempts to take over the French-held island. The English fleet departs on May 15 after being unable to capture Guadeloupe. [2]
  • March 20 – The Akō incident occurs in Japan as 46 independent samurai (rōnin) carry out an order of seppuku (ritual suicide) for the revenge murder of a high-ranking government official, Kira Yoshinaka, on January 30. The punishment is given by the shōgun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. The story continues to be dramatized more than 300 years later in novels, film and theater.
  • March 21 – Jeanne Guyon is freed in Paris after more than seven years imprisonment for heresy in the Bastille.

April–June[]

  • April 21 – The Company of Quenching of Fire (i.e., a fire brigade) is founded in Edinburgh, Scotland.
  • May 26 – Portugal joins the Grand Alliance.
  • May 27 (May 16 OS) – The city of Saint Petersburg, Russia is founded, following Peter the Great's reconquest of Ingria from Sweden, during the Great Northern War.
  • June 15 – Hungarians rebel under Prince Francis II Rákóczi.
  • June 19 – Bavarian troops, who during the so-called Bavarian Rummel had invaded Tyrol, besiege Kufstein. Fires break out on the outskirts that engulf the town, destroy it and reach the powder store of the supposedly impregnable fortress. The enormous gunpowder supplies explode and Kufstein has to surrender on 20 June. That same day the Tyrolese surrender in Wörgl; two days later Rattenberg is captured and Innsbruck is cleared without a fight on 25 June.
  • June – The completed Icelandic census of 1703 is presented in the Althing, the first complete census of any country.

July–September[]

  • July 26 – After their victories at the Pontlatzer Bridge and the Brenner Pass, Tyrolese farmers drive out the Bavarian Elector, Maximilian II Emanuel, from North Tyrol and thus prevent the Bavarian Army, which is allied with France, from marching on Vienna during the War of the Spanish Succession. This success, at low cost, is the signal for the rebellion of the Tyrolese against Bavaria, and Elector Maximilian II Emanuel has to flee from Innsbruck. The Bavarian Army withdraws through Seefeld in Tirol back to Bavaria.
  • July 29–31 – Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory, then imprisoned for four months for the crime of seditious libel after publishing his satirical political pamphlet The Shortest Way with the Dissenters (1702) (his release is granted in mid-November).
  • August 23 – Edirne event: Sultan Mustafa II of the Ottoman Empire is dethroned.
  • September 7 – War of the Spanish Succession: The town of Breisach is retaken for France by Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard.
  • September 12 – War of the Spanish Succession: Habsburg Archduke Charles is proclaimed King of Spain, but never exercises full rule.

October–December[]

  • October 11 – Nine Roman Catholic residents of the French village of Sainte-Cécile-d'Andorge are massacred by a mob of more than 800 French Huguenot Protestants, the Camisards. A reprisal against Protestants in the nearby village of Branoux is made less than three weeks later.
  • October 23 – Hannah Twynnoy, a 24-year-old barmaid in Malmesbury, Wiltshire, becomes the first person to be killed in Great Britain by a tiger. While working at the White Lion Inn, where a group of wild animals is on exhibit, she is mauled after bothering the tiger.
  • October 30 – More than 47 Huguenots in the village of Branoux-les-Taillades are massacred by Roman Catholic vigilantes in reprisal for the October 11 attack on nearby Sainte-Cécile, slightly more than two miles away.
  • November 15
    • War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Speyerbach (in modern-day Germany) – The French defeat a German relief army, allowing the French to take the besieged town of Landau two days later, for which Tallard is made a Marshal of France.
    • Rákóczi's War of Independence: Battle of Zvolen (in modern-day Slovakia) – The Kurucs defeat the Austrians and their allies (Denmark, Hungary and the Serbs).
  • November 19 – The Man in the Iron Mask dies in the Bastille, in France.
  • November 30 – Isaac Newton is elected president of the Royal Society in London, a position he will hold until his death in 1727.
  • December 7–10 (November 26–29 O.S.) – The Great Storm of 1703, an Atlantic hurricane, ravages southern England and the English Channel, killing at least 8,000, mostly at sea. The Eddystone Lighthouse off Plymouth is destroyed in the storm together with its designer Henry Winstanley.[3]
  • December 27 – Portugal and England sign the Methuen Treaty, which gives preference to Portuguese wines imported into England.
  • December 28 – Ahmed III succeeds the deposed Mustafa II as Ottoman Emperor.

Date unknown[]

  • French-born imposter George Psalmanazar arrives in London.
  • Between 1702 and 1703, an epidemic of smallpox breaks out in Quebec, in which 2,000-3,000 people die (300-400 in Quebec City).[4]


Births[]

Daniel-Charles Trudaine born 3 January
Peter Warren (Royal Navy officer) born 10 March
Edmund Law born 6 June
John Wesley born 28 June
Muhammad Ibrahim (Mughal emperor) born 9 August
Jean-Louis Calandrini born 30 August
Jonathan Edwards (theologian) born 5 October
Louise Levesque born 23 November
Simon Carl Stanley born 12 December

January–March[]

  • January 1 – Heinrich Sigismund von der Heyde, Prussian army commander (d. 1765)
  • January 2 – George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley, English politician (d. 1770)
  • January 3 – Daniel-Charles Trudaine, French administrator and civil engineer (d. 1769)
  • January 5
  • January 8 – André Levret, French obstetrician who practised medicine in Paris (d. 1780)
  • January 10 – Christoph Birkmann, German theologian and minister (d. 1771)
  • January 15
    • Henriette Louise de Bourbon, French princess by birth, member of the House of Bourbon (d. 1772)
    • John Brydges, Marquess of Carnarvon, English politician (d. 1727)
    • Johann Ernst Hebenstreit, German physician and naturalist (d. 1757)
  • January 20 – Joseph-Hector Fiocco, Belgian composer and violinist (d. 1741)
  • January 22 – Antoine Walsh, Irish-French slave trader and Jacobite (d. 1763)
  • January 29 – Carlmann Kolb, German priest (d. 1765)
  • January 31 – André-Joseph Panckoucke, French author and bookseller (d. 1753)
  • February 2 – Richard Morris, Welsh writer and editor (d. 1779)
  • February 3 – Jean Philippe de Bela, French military figure and Basque writer and historian (d. 1796)
  • February 4
    • Jean Saas, French historian and bibliographer (d. 1774)
    • Andrew Stone, significant figure in the British royal circle, Member of Parliament (d. 1773)
  • February 5 – Gilbert Tennent, Irish-born religious leader (d. 1764)
  • February 8
  • February 13 – Robert Dodsley, English bookseller, poet, playwright and miscellaneous writer (d. 1764)
  • February 27 – Lord Sidney Beauclerk, English politician and fortune hunter (d. 1744)
  • March 1 – Philip Tisdall, Attorney-General for Ireland (d. 1777)
  • March 4 – Nicolas René Berryer, French magistrate and politician (d. 1762)
  • March 5 (N. S.) – Vasily Trediakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1768)
  • March 10 – Peter Warren, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1752)
  • March 21 – Georg Andreas Sorge, Thuringian organist (d. 1778)
  • March 23 – Cajsa Warg, Swedish cookbook author (d. 1769)[6]

April–June[]

July–September[]

October–December[]

  • October 3 – Franz Christoph Janneck, Austrian painter in the Baroque style (d. 1761)
  • October 5 – Jonathan Edwards, North American revivalist preacher (d. 1758)
  • October 6 – Louis de Beaufort, French-Dutch historian known for his critical approach to the history of Rome (d. 1795)
  • October 7 – Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach, German hereditary prince (d. 1732)
  • October 13
  • October 15 – Benigna Gottliebe von Trotta genannt Treyden, Duchess consort of Courland (d. 1782)
  • October 16
  • October 22 – Edward Rudge, English politician (d. 1763)
  • October 23 – Sir Alexander Dick, 3rd Baronet, Scottish landowner and physician (d. 1785)
  • October 28
    • Andreas Bjørn, Danish merchant (d. 1750)
    • Antoine Deparcieux, French mathematician (d. 1768)
  • October 30 – James Hill, Scottish surgeon who advocated curative excision for cancer (d. 1776)
  • November 1 – Frederik Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish politician (d. 1770)[9]
  • November 10 – Carlo Zuccari, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1792)
  • November 17 – Adam Miller, German-born pioneer in the colony of Virginia (d. 1783)
  • November 18 – Andrew Rollo, 5th Lord Rollo, Scottish army commander in Canada and Dominica during the Seven Years' War (d. 1765)
  • November 22
    • Walter Pompe, Flemish master-sculptor (d. 1777)
    • Balthasar Riepp, German-Austrian painter (d. 1764)
  • November 23 – Louise Levesque, French femme de lettres (d. 1743)
  • November 25 – Jean-François Séguier, French astronomer and botanist (d. 1784)
  • November 26 – Theophilus Cibber, English actor and writer (d. 1758)
  • November 27 – James De Lancey, colonial governor of the Province of New York (d. 1760)
  • December 2 – Ferdinand Konščak, Croatian explorer (d. 1759)
  • December 9 – Chester Moore Hall, British lawyer and inventor who produced the first achromatic lenses (d. 1771)
  • December 12 – Simon Carl Stanley, Danish sculptor of English parentage (d. 1761)
  • December 15
    • Johann Martin Boltzius, German born (d. 1765)
    • Frederick Ernest of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, member of the Brandenburg-Kulmbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1762)
  • December 23 – Stephen Cornwallis, career British Army officer and politician (d. 1743)
  • December 24
    • Aleksei Chirikov, Russian navigator (d. 1748)
    • Christen Lindencrone, Danish landowner and supercargo of the Danish Asia Company (d. 1772)
  • unknown date – Johann Gottlieb Graun, German Baroque/Classical era composer and violinist (d. 1771)

Deaths[]

Robert Hooke
Man in the Iron Mask
  • November 19 – The Man in the Iron Mask (identity unknown)
  • November 27 – Henry Winstanley, English engineer (b. 1644)
  • November 30 – Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer (b. 1672)[16]
  • December 28 – Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1664)
  • date unknown
    • Phetracha, king of Ayutthaya (b. 1632)
    • Anastasiya Dabizha, princess of Moldavia and Wallachia and Hetmana of Ukraine.

References[]

  1. ^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p47
  2. ^ "High Tide of Empire (1700-1777)", in Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present, by David Marley (ABC-CLIO, 1998) p.225
  3. ^ "Icons, a portrait of England 1700-1750". Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  4. ^ Lessard, Rénald (1995). "L'Épidémie de variole de 1702-1703". Cap-aux-Diamants : La Revue d'histoire du Québec (in French). 42: 51.
  5. ^ Bulletin. City Art Museum of St. Louis. 1996. p. 31.
  6. ^ Wine and Food. Wine and Food Society. 1962. p. 165.
  7. ^ John Wesley (1833). Life of the Rev. John Wesley. R. T. S. p. 125.
  8. ^ William John Arthur Charles James Cavendish-Bentinck Duke of Portland; Charles Fairfax Murray (1894). Catalogue of the Pictures Belonging to His Grace the Duke of Portland: At Welbeck Abbey, and in London. 1894. Pr. at the Chiswick Press. p. 165.
  9. ^ "Danneskiold-Samsøe, Frederik" (in Danish). Danish Biographical Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  10. ^ William Nicolson (1985). The London Diaries of William Nicolson, Bishop of Carlisle 1702-1718. OUP Oxford. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-19-822404-4.
  11. ^ Richard Nichols (1999). Robert Hooke and the Royal Society. Book Guild. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-85776-465-9.
  12. ^ Boston Symphony Orchestra (1894). Programme. The Orchestra. p. 403.
  13. ^ Joseph Addison (1877). The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison. George Bell & Son. p. 345.
  14. ^ Charles Perrault; Neil Philip (1993). The Complete Fairy Tales of Charles Perrault. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 125. ISBN 0-395-57002-6.
  15. ^ Samuel Pepys (1926). Private Correspondence and Miscellaneous Papers of Samuel Pepys, 1679-1703: In the Possession of J. Pepys Cockerell. G. Bell and sons, Limited. p. 137.
  16. ^ Paul E. Eisler (1972). World Chronology of Music History: 1594-1684. Oceana Publications. p. 432. ISBN 978-0-379-16082-6.
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