1639

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
  • 16th century
  • 17th century
  • 18th century
Decades:
Years:
  • 1636
  • 1637
  • 1638
  • 1639
  • 1640
  • 1641
  • 1642
1639 by topic
Arts and science
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
  • Works
1639 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1639
MDCXXXIX
Ab urbe condita2392
Armenian calendar1088
ԹՎ ՌՁԸ
Assyrian calendar6389
Balinese saka calendar1560–1561
Bengali calendar1046
Berber calendar2589
English Regnal year14 Cha. 1 – 15 Cha. 1
Buddhist calendar2183
Burmese calendar1001
Byzantine calendar7147–7148
Chinese calendar戊寅年 (Earth Tiger)
4335 or 4275
    — to —
己卯年 (Earth Rabbit)
4336 or 4276
Coptic calendar1355–1356
Discordian calendar2805
Ethiopian calendar1631–1632
Hebrew calendar5399–5400
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1695–1696
 - Shaka Samvat1560–1561
 - Kali Yuga4739–4740
Holocene calendar11639
Igbo calendar639–640
Iranian calendar1017–1018
Islamic calendar1048–1049
Japanese calendarKan'ei 16
(寛永１６年)
Javanese calendar1560–1561
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3972
Minguo calendar273 before ROC
民前273年
Nanakshahi calendar171
Thai solar calendar2181–2182
Tibetan calendar阳土虎年
(male Earth-Tiger)
1765 or 1384 or 612
    — to —
阴土兔年
(female Earth-Rabbit)
1766 or 1385 or 613
October 21: Battle of the Downs

1639 (MDCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1639th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 639th year of the 2nd millennium, the 39th year of the 17th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1639, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[]

January–June[]

  • January 14 – Connecticut's first constitution, the Fundamental Orders, is adopted.
  • January 19 – Hämeenlinna (Swedish: Tavastehus) was granted privileges after it separated from the Vanaja parish as its own city in Tavastia.[1]
  • c. January – The first printing press in British North America is started in Cambridge, Massachusetts, by Stephen Daye.
  • March 3 – The early settlement of Taunton, Massachusetts, is incorporated as a town.
  • March 13 – Harvard University is named for clergyman John Harvard.
  • April – Italian-born Cardinal Mazarin, apostolic nuncio to Paris and adviser to Cardinal Richelieu, is naturalized French by letters patent; in December, he leaves the service of Rome to enter that of King Louis XIII of France.[2]
  • April 14 – Battle of Chemnitz: Swedish forces under Johan Banér inflict a crushing defeat on the army of the Holy Roman Empire, prolonging the Thirty Years' War and allowing the Swedes to occupy Pirna and advance into Bohemia.
  • May – The first of the Bishops' Wars breaks out between Charles I of England and Scottish Covenanters. Charles arrives with his army at Berwick-upon-Tweed.
  • June – The first battle of the Bishops' Wars is fought by Earl Marischal and the Marquess of Montrose when they lead a Covenanter army of 9,000 men past Muchalls Castle over the Causey Mounth to fight at the Bridge of Dee in Scotland.[3]
  • June 18 – The Treaty of Berwick is signed between Charles I and the Scots.[4]

July–December[]

  • August 22 – The British East India Company buys a strip of land from King Peda Venkata Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire for the construction of Fort St. George, the first settlement of British India, so founding modern-day Chennai, capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu (celebrated as Madras Day).[5]
  • October 31 – Naval Battle of the Downs: A Republic of the United Provinces fleet decisively defeats a Spanish fleet in English waters.
  • December 4 – English astronomer Jeremiah Horrocks makes the first successful prediction and observation of a transit of Venus.

Date unknown[]

  • The Casiquiare canal, a river forming a natural channel between the Amazon River and Orinoco River basins, is first encountered by Europeans, an expedition led by Pedro Teixeira and Cristóbal Diatristán de Acuña.
  • French nobleman Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière obtains the seigneurial title to the island of Montreal in New France (modern-day Quebec) in the name of the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal to establish a Roman Catholic mission to evangelize indigenous peoples.
  • The House of Assembly of Barbados meets for the first time.
  • Russian Cossacks advance over the Urals to the Pacific, to Okhotsk.
  • Sakoku, the isolationist foreign policy of Japan, comes fully into effect.
    • Dejima, an island trading post off Nagasaki, becomes the only official port of trade allowed for Europeans, with the multi-national United East Indies Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) as the only European party officially allowed. Trading parties from China, India and other places are still officially allowed, though the VOC will become the usual broker for them.
    • Japanese wives and children of Dutch and British people from Hirado are sent to Batavia (Asian headquarters of the VOC, renamed Jakarta by the Japanese around three centuries later) on Dutch ships.[6]
  • The Treaty of Zuhab is signed between the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire and Safavid Persia, delineating the modern Turkey-Iran and Iraq-Iran border lines.

Births[]

Éléonore Desmier d'Olbreuse
Martin Lister
Giovanni Battista Gaulli
Increase Mather

January–March[]

April–June[]

July–September[]

October–December[]

  • October 14 – Simon van der Stel, last Commander and first Governor of the Cape Colony (d. 1712)
  • October 17 – Charles-Claude Genest, French dramatist and playwright (d. 1719)
  • November 17 – Eleazer Kimberly, Secretary of the State of Connecticut (d. 1709)
  • November 21 – Fortunatus Hueber, German Franciscan historian and theologian (d. 1706)
  • December 3 – Isidoro de Atondo y Antillon, Spanish admiral (d. 1689)
  • December 18 – Gottfried Kirch, German astronomer, first 'Astronomer Royal' in Berlin (d. 1710)
  • December 22 – Jean Racine, French dramatist (d. 1699)[7]
  • December 28 – Dirk van Bleiswijk, Dutch politician, writer (d. 1681)
  • December 29 – Muhammad Sultan, Mughal Empire emperor (d. 1676)

Date unknown[]

  • Yair Bacharach, German rabbi (d. 1702)
  • Consort Donggo, concubine of the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (d. 1660)
  • Dirck Ferreris, Dutch painter (d. 1693)
  • Caspar Netscher, Dutch painter (d. 1684)
  • Samuel Peterson, early Swedish settler of New Sweden, founder of modern-day Wilmington (d. 1689)

Deaths[]

Mustafa I
Johannes Meursius

References[]

  1. ^ HÄMEENLINNA - TAVASTEHUS Kaupunkiarkeologinen inventointi (in Finnish)
  2. ^ Bély, Lucien (2015). L'art de la paix en Europe: naissance de la diplomatie moderne, XVIe-XVIIIe siècle. Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 9782130738961.
  3. ^ Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of battles and sieges : a guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity through the Twenty-first century. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 650. ISBN 9780313335389.
  4. ^ Peberdy, Robert (2021). A dictionary of British and Irish history. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 53. ISBN 9780631201540.
  5. ^ Roberts, J. (1994). History of the World. Penguin.
  6. ^ "平戸観光協会｜History". Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  7. ^ LastName, FirstName (2020). Chase's calendar of events 2021 : the ultimate go-to guide for special days, weeks and months. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 607. ISBN 9781641434249.
  8. ^ Magill, Frank (1997). Cyclopedia of world authors. Pasadena, Calif: Salem Press. p. 1739. ISBN 9780893564483.
  9. ^ Flood, John (2006). Poets laureate in the Holy Roman Empire. a bio-bibliographical handbook. Berlin New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 1452. ISBN 9783110912746.
  10. ^ Warrack, John (1992). The Oxford dictionary of opera. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. p. 394. ISBN 9780198691648.
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