1846

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1846 in topic
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1846 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1846
MDCCCXLVI
Ab urbe condita2599
Armenian calendar1295
ԹՎ ՌՄՂԵ
Assyrian calendar6596
Baháʼí calendar2–3
Balinese saka calendar1767–1768
Bengali calendar1253
Berber calendar2796
British Regnal year9 Vict. 1 – 10 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2390
Burmese calendar1208
Byzantine calendar7354–7355
Chinese calendar乙巳年 (Wood Snake)
4542 or 4482
    — to —
丙午年 (Fire Horse)
4543 or 4483
Coptic calendar1562–1563
Discordian calendar3012
Ethiopian calendar1838–1839
Hebrew calendar5606–5607
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1902–1903
 - Shaka Samvat1767–1768
 - Kali Yuga4946–4947
Holocene calendar11846
Igbo calendar846–847
Iranian calendar1224–1225
Islamic calendar1262–1263
Japanese calendarKōka 3
(弘化３年)
Javanese calendar1773–1774
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4179
Minguo calendar66 before ROC
民前66年
Nanakshahi calendar378
Thai solar calendar2388–2389
Tibetan calendar阴木蛇年
(female Wood-Snake)
1972 or 1591 or 819
    — to —
阳火马年
(male Fire-Horse)
1973 or 1592 or 820
April 25: Mexican–American War begins.

1846 (MDCCCXLVI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1846th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 846th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 19th century, and the 7th year of the 1840s decade. As of the start of 1846, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[]

January–March[]

  • January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom.
  • January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway's 3.2 km (2.0 mi) bridge, over the Venetian Lagoon between Mestre and Venice in Italy, opens,[1][2] the world's longest since 1151.
  • February 4 – Many Mormons begin their migration west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Great Salt Lake, led by Brigham Young.
  • February 10 – First Anglo-Sikh War: Battle of Sobraon – British forces defeat the Sikhs.[3]
  • February 18 – The Galician slaughter, a peasant revolt, begins.
  • February 19 – United States president James K. Polk's annexation of the Republic of Texas is finalized by Texas president Anson Jones in a formal ceremony of transfer of sovereignty. The newly formed Texas state government is officially installed in Austin.
  • February 20–29 – Kraków uprising: Galician slaughter – Polish nationalists stage an uprising in the Free City of Kraków; it is suppressed by forces of the Austrian Empire, supported by peasants.
  • February 26 – The Liberty Bell in Philadelphia is cracked while being rung for George Washington's birthday.
  • March 9 – The First Anglo-Sikh War ends, with the signing of the Treaty of Lahore.[4] Kashmir is ceded to the British East India Company, and the Koh-i-Noor diamond is surrendered to Queen Victoria.
  • March 10 – Prince Osahito, fourth son of deceased Emperor Ninkō of Japan, becomes Emperor Kōmei.

April–June[]

  • April 25 – Mexican–American War: Open conflict begins, over the disputed border of Texas.
  • May – The Associated Press is founded in New York.
  • May 8 – Mexican–American War – Battle of Palo Alto: Zachary Taylor defeats a Mexican force north of the Rio Grande at Palo Alto, Texas in the first major battle of the war.
  • May 11 – The University at Buffalo is founded by future United States Vice President and President, Millard Fillmore.[5]
  • May 13 – Mexican–American War: The United States declares war on Mexico.
  • May 15 – Under the leadership of Prime Minister Robert Peel, the House of Commons of the United Kingdom votes to repeal the Corn Laws by passing an Importation Bill, replacing the old colonial mercantile trade system with free trade.[6] On June 25 the Duke of Wellington persuades the House of Lords to pass the Act, which will take full effect from February 1849.
  • May 16 – The Revolution of Maria da Fonte begins in Portugal (it is crushed by royalist troops on February 22, 1847).
  • June 10 – Mexican–American War: The California Republic declares independence from Mexico.
  • June 14 – Bear Flag Revolt: American settlers in Sonoma, California, start a rebellion against Mexico and proclaim the California Republic.
  • June 15
    • The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
    • Launceston Church Grammar School opens for the first time in Tasmania.
  • June 16 – Pope Pius IX succeeds Pope Gregory XVI as the 255th pope. He will reign for 31½ years (the longest definitely confirmed).
  • June 25 – The British Parliament votes to repeal the Corn Laws, in an attempt to relieve the Irish Famine. This brings about the resignation of Peel, the Prime Minister, and sets Great Britain on a path towards Free Trade.
  • June 28 – The saxophone is patented by Adolphe Sax.[7]

July–September[]

  • July 7 – Mexican–American War – Battle of Monterey: Acting on instructions from Washington, D.C., Commodore John Drake Sloat orders his troops to occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the United States annexation of California.
  • August – Canadian physician and geologist Abraham Pineo Gesner demonstrates a process to refine a liquid fuel, which he calls kerosene, from coal, bitumen or oil shale.
  • August 22 – The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is established.
  • September – The Second Carlist War (or the War of the Matiners or Madrugadores) begins in Spain.
  • September 3 – Electric Telegraph Company founded in Britain.
  • September 7 – The portion of the District of Columbia, that was ceded by Virginia in 1790, is re-ceded to Virginia.
  • September 10 – Elias Howe is awarded the first United States patent for a sewing machine, using a lockstitch design.[8]
  • September 12 – Poets Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning marry privately in London, departing a week later for the continent.
  • September 14 – Jang Bahadur and his brothers massacre about 40 members of the Nepalese palace court.
  • September 19 – Our Lady of La Salette, a Marian apparition is said to have been seen by two children at La Salette-Fallavaux in France.
  • September 23 – Discovery of Neptune: The planet is observed for the first time by German astronomers Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest, as predicted by British astronomer John Couch Adams and French astronomer Urbain Le Verrier.

October–December[]

  • October 1
    • Christ College, Tasmania, opens with the hope that it will develop along the lines of an Oxbridge college, and provide the basis for university education in Tasmania. By the 21st century it will be the oldest tertiary institution in Australia.
    • Triton, Neptune's largest moon, was discovered by William Lassell 17 days after the discovery of Neptune.
  • October 16 – At Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. William T.G. Morton, a dentist, gives the first successful public demonstration of ether anesthesia.[9]
  • November 4 – The Donner Party, a wagon train of 87 settlers traveling to California, is stranded in the Sierra Nevada mountains by the first of several snowstorms. By the time a relief party reaches the starving settlers three months later, only 48 survivors are left, many of whom have survived by cannibalism.[10]
  • November 9 – Pope Pius IX issues the encyclical Qui pluribus, in response to the growing trend of agnosticism among intellectuals in Europe.[11]
  • November 17 – Carl Zeiss, a major optoelectronics and digital camera brand on worldwide, founded in Thuringia, Germany.[citation needed]
  • December 22 – The Guildsystem in Sweden is abolished by the Fabriks och Handtwerksordning and Handelsordningen, and trade and handicrafts permits are granted to every male and female applicant of legal majority.[12]
  • December 24 – Great Britain acquires Labuan from the Sultanate of Brunei.
  • December 27 – Iowa is admitted as the 29th U.S. state.

Date unknown[]

  • 1846–1860 cholera pandemic breaks out in south Asia; in the United Kingdom, Parliament passes The Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Act.
  • The Great Famine continues in Ireland. The first deaths from hunger take place early in the year[13] and Phytophthora infestans almost totally destroys the summer potato crop.
  • Fort Wayne Female College is founded in Indiana as a Methodist institution; it will later be renamed Taylor University.
  • The first higher school of academic learning for women in Denmark, Den højere Dannelsesanstalt for Damer, is founded in Copenhagen.

Births[]

January–June[]

Wilhelm Maybach
Rita Cetina Gutiérrez
  • January 5
    • Mariam Baouardy, Syrian Melkite Greek Catholic nun, canonized (d. 1878)
    • Rudolf Christoph Eucken, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1926)
  • February 2 – Francis Marion Smith, American borax magnate (d. 1931)
  • February 9 – Wilhelm Maybach, German automobile designer (d. 1929)
  • February 18 – Wilson Barrett, English actor (d. 1904)
  • February 26 – William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, American frontiersman, later showman (d. 1917)
  • March 4 – Franklin J. Drake, American admiral (d. 1929)
  • March 6 – Henry Radcliffe Crocker, English dermatologist (d. 1909)
  • March 9 – Ōdera Yasuzumi, Japanese general (d. 1895)
  • March 24 – Karl von Bülow, German field marshal (d. 1921)
  • April 4 – Comte de Lautréamont, French writer (d. 1870)
  • May 3 – Sir Edmund Elton, 8th Baronet, English inventor, studio potter (d. 1920)
  • May 5 – Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)[14]
  • May 20 – Alexander von Kluck, German general (d. 1934)
  • May 22 – Rita Cetina Gutiérrez, Mexican teacher, poet and activist (d. 1908)
  • May 25 – Princess Helena of the United Kingdom (d. 1923)
  • May 29 – Winfield Scott Edgerly, United States Brigadier General (d. 1927)
  • June 11 – William Louis Marshall, American general, engineer (d. 1920)
  • June 13 – Rose Cleveland, de facto First Lady of the United States (d. 1918)
  • June 27 – Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish political leader (d. 1891)

July–December[]

Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
George Westinghouse

Date unknown[]

  • Jeanne Schmahl, British-born French feminist (d. 1915)

Deaths[]

January–June[]

Emperor Ninkō
Pope Gregory XVI

July–December[]

Date unknown[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Venice Railroad Bridge". Structurae. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  2. ^ Kalla-Bishop, P. M. (1971). Italian Railways. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 20. ISBN 0-7153-5168-0.
  3. ^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 268–269. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  4. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  5. ^ "Chancellors and Presidents of the University". University of Buffalo, The State University of New York. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  6. ^ "Icons, a portrait of England 1840–1860". Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved September 13, 2007.
  7. ^ Hart, Hugh (June 28, 2010). "June 28, 1846: Parisian Inventor Patents Saxophone". Wired. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
  8. ^ U.S. Patent 4,750
  9. ^ Lilian R. Furst, Medical Progress and Social Reality: A Reader in Nineteenth-Century Medicine and Literature (SUNY Press, 2000) p16
  10. ^ George R. Stewart, Ordeal by Hunger: The Story of the Donner Party (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013) pp366-367
  11. ^ Gerald A. McCool, Nineteenth-century Scholasticism: The Search for a Unitary Method (Fordham University Press, 1989) p129
  12. ^ Du Rietz, Anita, Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år, 1. uppl., Dialogos, Stockholm, 2013, s 270
  13. ^ Keneally, Thomas (1999). The Great Shame. London: Vintage. p. 110.
  14. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1905". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
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