1685

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
  • 16th century
  • 17th century
  • 18th century
Decades:
  • 1660s
  • 1670s
  • 1680s
  • 1690s
  • 1700s
Years:
  • 1682
  • 1683
  • 1684
  • 1685
  • 1686
  • 1687
  • 1688
1685 by topic
Arts and science
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
  • Works
1685 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1685
MDCLXXXV
Ab urbe condita2438
Armenian calendar1134
ԹՎ ՌՃԼԴ
Assyrian calendar6435
Balinese saka calendar1606–1607
Bengali calendar1092
Berber calendar2635
English Regnal year36 Cha. 2 – 1 Ja. 2
Buddhist calendar2229
Burmese calendar1047
Byzantine calendar7193–7194
Chinese calendar甲子年 (Wood Rat)
4381 or 4321
    — to —
乙丑年 (Wood Ox)
4382 or 4322
Coptic calendar1401–1402
Discordian calendar2851
Ethiopian calendar1677–1678
Hebrew calendar5445–5446
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1741–1742
 - Shaka Samvat1606–1607
 - Kali Yuga4785–4786
Holocene calendar11685
Igbo calendar685–686
Iranian calendar1063–1064
Islamic calendar1096–1097
Japanese calendarJōkyō 2
(貞享２年)
Javanese calendar1607–1609
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar4018
Minguo calendar227 before ROC
民前227年
Nanakshahi calendar217
Thai solar calendar2227–2228
Tibetan calendar阳木鼠年
(male Wood-Rat)
1811 or 1430 or 658
    — to —
阴木牛年
(female Wood-Ox)
1812 or 1431 or 659

1685 (MDCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1685th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 685th year of the 2nd millennium, the 85th year of the 17th century, and the 6th year of the 1680s decade. As of the start of 1685, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

July 6: Battle of Sedgemoor.

Events[]

January–June[]

  • February 6 – Catholic James Stuart, Duke of York, becomes King James II of England and Ireland, and King James VII of Scotland, in succession to his brother Charles II (1660–1685), King of England, Scotland, and Ireland since 1660. James II and VII reigns until deposed, in 1688.
  • February 20 – René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, intending to establish a colony near the mouth of the Mississippi River, lands with 200 surviving colonists at Matagorda Bay on the Texas coast, believing the Mississippi to be near. He establishes Fort St. Louis.[1]
  • February–March – Morean War (part of the Great Turkish War): The Ottoman serasker Halil Pasha invades the Mani Peninsula, and forces it to surrender hostages.
  • March – Louis XIV of France passes the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies.
  • May 7 – Morean War – Battle on Vrtijeljka: Advancing Ottoman forces prevail over defending Venetian irregulars, on a hill in the Sanjak of Montenegro.
  • May 11 – The Killing Time: Five Covenanters in Wigtown, Scotland, notably Margaret Wilson, are executed for refusing to swear an oath declaring King James of England, Scotland and Ireland as head of the church, becoming the Wigtown martyrs.[2]
  • June 11 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland, lands at Lyme Regis with an invasion force brought from the Netherlands, to challenge his uncle, James II, for the Crown of England.[3]
  • June 20 – Monmouth Rebellion: James, Duke of Monmouth declares himself at Taunton to be King, and heir to his father's Kingdoms as James II of England and Ireland, and James VII of Scotland.[3]

July–December[]

  • July 6 – Monmouth Rebellion: In the Battle of Sedgemoor, the last pitched battle fought on English soil, the armies of King James II of England defeat rebel forces under James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, and capture the Duke himself shortly after the battle.
  • July 15 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, is executed at Tower Hill, London, England.
  • August 11 – Morean War: The Republic of Venice captures the fortress of Koroni from the Ottoman Empire; its garrison is massacred.
  • August 25 – The Bloody Assizes begin in Winchester: Lord Chief Justice of England George Jeffreys tries over 1000 of Monmouth's rebels and condemns them to death or transportation.
  • September 14 – Morean War: The Republic of Venice defeats an Ottoman army at Kalamata.
  • September – The first organised street lighting is introduced in London, England, with oil lamps to be lit outside every tenth house on moonless winter nights.
  • October 22 – Louis XIV of France issues the Edict of Fontainebleau, which revokes the Edict of Nantes and declares Protestantism illegal, thereby depriving Huguenots of civil rights. Their Temple de Charenton-le-Pont is immediately demolished and many flee to England, Prussia and elsewhere.
  • November 11 – Morean War: The Republic of Venice captures the fortress town of Igoumenitsa from the Ottoman Empire, and razes it to the ground.

Date unknown[]

  • The Chinese army of the Qing dynasty attacks a Russian post at Albazin, during the reigns of the Kangxi Emperor and the dual Russian rulers Ivan V of Russia and Peter I of Russia. The event leads to the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689.[4]
  • Adam Baldridge finds a pirate base at Île Sainte-Marie, Madagascar.
  • The Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow in the State of New York is constructed by the original Dutch settlers (later to become famous as the site of the rampage of the "Headless Horseman" spirit in the novel The Legend of Sleepy Hollow).

Births[]

George Frideric Handel
George Berkeley
Johann Sebastian Bach
Charles VI

Deaths[]

King Charles II of England
Emperor Go-Sai
James Scott

References[]

  1. ^ "La Salle Expedition". The Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
  2. ^ "Wigtown Martyrs". Undiscovered Scotland. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Harris, Tim (2004). "Scott (Crofts), James, duke of Monmouth and first duke of Buccleuch (1649–1685)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24879. Retrieved October 26, 2011. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  4. ^ Roberts, J: History of the World, Penguin, 1994.
  5. ^ Fétis, François-Joseph (1866). Biographie Universelle des Musiciens et Bibliographie Générale de la Musique. Gallica (in French). 4 (2nd ed.). Paris: Firmin-Didot et Cie. p. 209.
  6. ^ "Were there really women pirates?". PantherBay.com. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  7. ^ "Charles II | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
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