1866 in literature

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	In poetry 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869
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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1866.

Events[]

January – Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel Crime and Punishment (Преступлéние и наказáние, Prestupleniye i nakazaniye) is serialized through the year in the monthly literary magazine Russkiy Vestnik (Русскій Вѣстникъ, "The Russian Messenger").^[1]^[2] His novella The Gambler (Игрок, Igrok) is dictated to his future wife to meet a publisher deadline of November 1.^[3]
July – Anthony Trollope's novel Nina Balatka: The Story of a Maiden of Prague is initially published anonymously (serialisation in Blackwood's Magazine July 1866 – January 1867). Trollope is interested in discovering whether his books sell on their own merits or as a consequence of the author's name and reputation.
September 8 – London publisher Samuel Orchart Beeton is obliged by the financial panic of 1866 to settle all his debts by selling his property.^[4] He sells his titles and name to Ward Lock & Co.
November – The American magazine for children Children's Hour publishes its first issue.^[5]
unknown dates
- Ludwig Anzengruber returns to Vienna after working as a travelling actor.
- Charles Baudelaire's collection Les Épaves is published in Belgium, containing poems from Les Fleurs du mal (Paris, 1857) that were suppressed for outraging public morality.^[6]
- Luigi Capuana becomes a theatre critic for the Italian newspaper The Nation.
- Josip Jurčič has Deseti brat ("The Tenth Brother") published, as the first full-length novel in Slovene.
- Nandshankar Mehta publishes Karana Ghelo ("The Idiot King Karana"), the first novel in Gujarati.^[7]
- Hesba Stretton's children's story Jessica's First Prayer is serialized in Sunday at Home (U.K.) As a book, it sells one and half million copies.^[8]
- Algernon Charles Swinburne's first collection Poems and Ballads causes a sensation on publication in London, especially the ones written in homage to Sappho and the sadomasochistic "Dolores (Notre-Dame des Sept Douleurs)". Under threat of prosecution, his original publisher, Moxon and Co., transfers publication rights to the more liberal John Camden Hotten.^[9]^[10]^[11]
- The Stockholm Reading Parlor (Stockholms läsesalong) is co-founded by Sophie Adlersparre in Sweden; it becomes a free library for women to improve their access to education.^[12]
- The first detective fiction by women authors is published: the dime novel The Dead Letter, an American Romance by "Seeley Regester" (Metta Victoria Fuller Victor) in New York City as the first full-length American work of crime fiction,^[13] having begun to appear serially in the January Beadle's Monthly; Mary Fortune's story "The Dead Witness, or the Bush waterhole" is published in the Australian Journal on January 20.^[14]
- Charles Dickens publishes "Mugby Junction" as a Christmas supplement to his magazine All the Year Round (London), containing short stories by himself (including "The Signal-Man") and by Charles Collins, Amelia B. Edwards, Andrew Halliday and Hesba Stretton.

New books[]

Fiction[]

Louisa May Alcott (as A. M. Barnard) – "Behind a Mask, or A Woman's Power" (novella published in The Flag of Our Union)
R. D. Blackmore – Cradock Nowell
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay – Kapalkundala
Wilkie Collins – Armadale (serialization completed and in book form)
John Esten Cooke – Surry of Eagle's-Nest
Alphonse Daudet – Letters From My Windmill (Lettres de mon moulin)
Fyodor Dostoyevsky – Crime and Punishment
Alexandre Dumas, fils – L'Affaire Clemenceau
George Eliot – Felix Holt, the Radical^[15]
Augusta Jane Evans – St. Elmo
John William De Forest – Miss Ravenel's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty
Émile Gaboriau – L'Affaire Lerouge
Elizabeth Gaskell (died 1865) – Wives and Daughters (serialization completed and in book form)
Victor Hugo – Toilers of the Sea (Les Travailleurs de la mer)
George MacDonald – Annals of a Quiet Neighbourhood
John Neal — Little Moccasin, or Along the Madawaska: A Story of Life and Love in the Lumber Region^[16]
Mrs Oliphant – Miss Marjoribanks
Ouida – Chandos
Charles Reade – Griffith Gaunt
Emmanuel Rhoides – Ἡ Πάπισσα Ἰωάννα (I Papissa Ioanna, Pope Joan)
Felicia Skene (anonymously) – Hidden Depths
Anthony Trollope – Nina Balatka
José Milla y Vidaurre – La Hija del Adelantado

Children[]

Anna Harriett Drury – The Three Half-Crowns : a story for boys
James Greenwood – The True History of a Little Ragamuffin
Hesba Stretton – Jessica's First Prayer

Drama[]

Dion Boucicault – Rip van Winkle or The Sleep of Twenty Years
Alexandre Dumas, fils – Heloise Paranquet
Henrik Ibsen – Brand
Dobri Voynikov – Princess Rayna

Poetry[]

Charles Baudelaire – Les Épaves
Algernon Charles Swinburne – Poems and Ballads
Paul Verlaine – Poèmes saturniens, including "Chanson d'automne"

Non-fiction[]

Teodor Boldur-Lățescu – Adivărul adivărat (Truth and Nothing But)
William Wells Brown – The Negro in the American Rebellion
Edward Bruce Hamley – The Operations of War Explained and Illustrated
Friedrich Albert Lange – History of Materialism and Critique of its Present Importance (Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart, published October 1865 but dated 1866)
Edward A. Pollard – The Lost Cause
John Robert Seeley (anonymously) – Ecce Homo: A Survey in the Life and Work of Jesus Christ^[17]
Charles Haddon Spurgeon – The Wordless Book
Benjamin Thorpe assisted by Elise Otté (translator) – Edda Sæmundar Hinns Frôða: the Edda of Sæmund the Learned, from the old Norse or Icelandic

Births[]

January 2 (December 21, 1865 OS) – Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică (Gheorghe Bogdan), Romanian literary critic (died 1934)
January 29 – Romain Rolland, French dramatist, novelist and Nobel Prize-winner (died 1944)
February 9 – George Ade, American columnist and playwright (died 1944)
February 24 – Arthur Pearson, English writer and newspaper publisher (died 1921)
March 2 – John Gray, English poet (died 1934)
March 16 – E. K. Chambers, English literary scholar (died 1954)
May 2 – Paul Kretschmer, German linguist (died 1956)
July 28 – Beatrix Potter, English children's writer and illustrator (died 1943)^[18]
August 12 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish dramatist and Nobel Prize-winner (died 1954)
August 16 – Dora Sigerson, Irish poet (died 1918)
September 7 – Tristan Bernard, French writer (died 1947)
August 31 – Elizabeth von Arnim, née Mary Annette Beauchamp, Australian-born novelist (died 1941)
September 21 – H. G. Wells, English novelist and social commentator (died 1946)
October 28 – Ramón del Valle-Inclán, Spanish dramatist and novelist (died 1936)
November 4 – Jane Findlater, Scottish novelist (died 1946)
November 21 – Dusé Mohamed Ali, Egyptian-born political activist, journalist and dramatist (died 1945)
unknown date – Edith Escombe, English fiction writer and essayist (died 1950)

Deaths[]

January 23 – Thomas Love Peacock, English satirical novelist (born 1785)
February 2 – François-Xavier Garneau, French Canadian historian and civil servant (born 1809)
March 6 – William Whewell, English polymath and cleric (born 1794)
March 29 – John Keble, English poet and cleric (born 1792)
May 5 – John Critchley Prince, English poet (born 1808)
June 16 – Joseph Méry, French satirist and librettist (born 1797)
August 1 – Luigi Carlo Farini, Italian historian (born 1812)
August 12 – Philip Stanhope Worsley, English poet and translator (born 1835)
September 10 – Charles Maclaren, Scottish founding editor of The Scotsman (born 1782)
September 14 – Léon Gozlan, French novelist and dramatist (born 1803)
September 19 – Christian Hermann Weisse, German philosopher (born 1801)
September 26 – Carl Jonas Love Almqvist, Swedish-born novelist (born 1793)
October – Evan Bevan, Welsh writer of satirical verse (born 1803)
December 20 – Ann Taylor, English poet and critic (born 1782)

Awards[]

Newdigate Prize – George Yeld

References[]

^ Gale, Cengage Learning (24 September 2015). A Study Guide for Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment. Gale, Cengage Learning. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4103-3566-1.
^ "Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment – Study Notes". University of Minnesota. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ Jones, Malcolm (1991). Introduction to Notes from the Underground and The Gambler. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-953638-2.
^ The Law Times Reports: Containing All the Cases Argued and Determined in the House of Lords, ... ; Together with a Selection of Cases of Universal Application Decided in the Superior Courts in Ireland and in Scotland. Law Times Office. 1869. p. 230.
^ American Literary Gazette and Publishers' Circular. 1866. pp. 286–.
^ Suarez, Michael F.; Woudhuysen, H. R., eds. (2013). The Book: A Global History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-967941-6.
^ Reviewed by Navalram Pandya in Gujarat Mitra (1867).
^ Susina, Jan (2008). The Place of Lewis Carroll in Children's Literature. New York: Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 0-415-93629-2.
^ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1891). "Hotten, John Camden" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 27. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
^ Prins, Yopie (1999). Victorian Sappho. Princeton University Press. p. 153. ISBN 0-691-05919-5.
^ Kendrick, Walter M. (1996). The Secret Museum: Pornography in Modern Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 168. ISBN 0-520-20729-7.
^ Leijonhufvud, Sigrid. "K Sophie Adlersparre (f. Leijonhuvud)". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
^ Orso, Miranda (2002). "Victor, Metta Victoria Fuller". Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
^ Sussex, Lucy; Gibson, Elizabeth. "Mary Fortune". Victorian Secrets. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
^ Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1866". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
^ Lease, Benjamin (1972). That Wild Fellow John Neal and the American Literary Revolution. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 206. ISBN 0-226-46969-7.
^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 287–288. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
^ "Biography - Victoria and Albert Museum". www.vam.ac.uk. 13 January 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2019.

[1] Gale, Cengage Learning (24 September 2015). A Study Guide for Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment. Gale, Cengage Learning. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4103-3566-1.

[2] "Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment – Study Notes". University of Minnesota. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[3] Jones, Malcolm (1991). Introduction to Notes from the Underground and The Gambler. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-953638-2.

[4] The Law Times Reports: Containing All the Cases Argued and Determined in the House of Lords, ... ; Together with a Selection of Cases of Universal Application Decided in the Superior Courts in Ireland and in Scotland. Law Times Office. 1869. p. 230.

[5] American Literary Gazette and Publishers' Circular. 1866. pp. 286–.

[Book-6] Suarez, Michael F.; Woudhuysen, H. R., eds. (2013). The Book: A Global History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-967941-6.

[7] Reviewed by Navalram Pandya in Gujarat Mitra (1867).

[8] Susina, Jan (2008). The Place of Lewis Carroll in Children's Literature. New York: Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 0-415-93629-2.

[9] Lee, Sidney, ed. (1891). "Hotten, John Camden" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 27. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

[10] Prins, Yopie (1999). Victorian Sappho. Princeton University Press. p. 153. ISBN 0-691-05919-5.

[11] Kendrick, Walter M. (1996). The Secret Museum: Pornography in Modern Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 168. ISBN 0-520-20729-7.

[12] Leijonhufvud, Sigrid. "K Sophie Adlersparre (f. Leijonhuvud)". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved 16 June 2015.

[13] Orso, Miranda (2002). "Victor, Metta Victoria Fuller". Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013.

[14] Sussex, Lucy; Gibson, Elizabeth. "Mary Fortune". Victorian Secrets. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2014.

[People's_Chronology-15] Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1866". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.

[16] Lease, Benjamin (1972). That Wild Fellow John Neal and the American Literary Revolution. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 206. ISBN 0-226-46969-7.

[CBH-17] Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 287–288. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.

[18] "Biography - Victoria and Albert Museum". www.vam.ac.uk. 13 January 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2019.

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