1891 in literature

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List of years in literature (table)
In poetry
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1891.

Events[]

Portrait of Sherlock Holmes by Sidney Paget from "The Man with the Twisted Lip" in The Strand Magazine for December
  • January – The Strand Magazine is first published in London. On June 25 Arthur Conan Doyle's private consulting detective Sherlock Holmes appears in it for the first time, in the story "A Scandal in Bohemia" (issue dated July).[1]
  • January 31 – Henrik Ibsen's play Hedda Gabler published in 1890 is first performed, at the Königliches Residenz-Theater in Munich, the city where it was written. The lead is played by Clara Heese (1861–1921), but Ibsen is displeased with her performance. The first British performance is on April 20 at the recently reopened Vaudeville Theatre, London, with Elizabeth Robins as Hedda and co-directing.
  • March 13 – Henrik Ibsen's play Ghosts (published in 1881) achieves a single London performance, its English-language stage première (at the Royalty Theatre). To evade the Lord Chamberlain's Office's censorship, it has to be staged privately by the Independent Theatre Society, but still attracts strong criticism on moral grounds.[2][3]
  • April – Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray is first published in book format by Ward and Lock in London with the aphoristic preface originally published in the March 1 issue of The Fortnightly Review.
  • May – William Morris establishes the Kelmscott Press as a private press at Hammersmith (London) and produces its first book, the first edition in book format of his fantasy novel The Story of the Glittering Plain.
  • May 21 – Maurice Maeterlinck's play Intruder (L'Intruse) is premièred at Paul Fort's Théâtre d'Art in Paris.
  • c. Late June – In a meeting of decadent poets in London, Oscar Wilde is first introduced to Lord Alfred Douglas by Lionel Johnson at Wilde's Tite Street home.[4]
  • July 1 – The International Copyright Act of 1891 comes into effect in the United States, permitting foreign authors to register their works for copyright. On July 3, the first such work, the play Saints and Sinners by English author Henry Arthur Jones, is registered.
  • July 4 – December 26 – Thomas Hardy's novel Tess of the d'Urbervilles is serialized in expurgated form in the weekly illustrated newspaper The Graphic[5] (London); in November the first (unexpurgated) book edition is published in London.[6]
  • August 22 – Israel Zangwill's The Big Bow Mystery, the first classic full-length locked room mystery, begins serialization in The Star (London).
  • October 9 – Émile Zola's stage adaptation of his novel Thérèse Raquin (first performed in 1873) achieves a single London performance, its English stage première (at the Royalty Theatre). To evade the Lord Chamberlain's Office's censorship it has to be staged privately by the Independent Theatre Society, but still attracts criticism on moral grounds.
  • September 4 – Ambrose Bierce dates the preface of Tales of Soldiers and Civilians for this day, although it will not actually be issued (in San Francisco) until 1892.[7] It includes "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge", one of his best known works.
  • October – Tristan Bernard has his first work published in La Revue Blanche, which returns to Parisian publication in October, and adopts his pseudonym.[8]
  • December – Thomas Hardy writes "The Son's Veto", which he regards as his best short story.
  • December 7 – Maurice Maeterlinck's play The Blind (Les aveugles) is premièred.
  • unknown dates
    • Sophia Alice Callahan's Wynema, a Child of the Forest is published, the first work of fiction by a Native American woman in English.
    • Publication of the first complete one-volume popular German translation of Shakespeare's plays
  • probable – Edmund Clerihew Bentley, G. K. Chesterton and fellow pupils of St Paul's School, London, compose the first pseudo-biographical comic verses which become known as clerihews.[9]

New books[]

Fiction[]

Children and young people[]

Drama[]

Poetry[]

Main article: 1891 in poetry
  • William Morris – Poems by the Way

Non-fiction[]

Births[]

Deaths[]

Awards[]

References[]

  1. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  2. ^ "Theatreland Timeline". London Metropolitan Archives. Archived from the original on 2007-11-01. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
  3. ^ "English first performances". Ibsen.net. 2004-05-12. Retrieved 2013-02-08.
  4. ^ Hyde, H. Montgomery (1984). Lord Alfred Douglas: a biography. London: Methuen. pp. 24–25. ISBN 0-413-50790-4.
  5. ^ Vol. XLIV.
  6. ^ Skilton, David, ed. (1978). "Note on the text". Tess of the D'Urbervilles. Penguin.
  7. ^ "Tales of Soldiers and Civilians". The Ambrose Bierce Project. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
  8. ^ Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec; Herbert D. Schimmel (1991). The Letters of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Oxford University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-19-817214-7.
  9. ^ Bentley, E. Clerihew (1982). "The History of the Clerihew". The First Clerihews. Oxford University Press. p. xv. ISBN 0-19-212980-5.
  10. ^ Leavis, Q. D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (2nd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.
  11. ^ Andrew Lycett (18 November 2008). The Man Who Created Sherlock Holmes: The Life and Times of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Simon and Schuster. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-7432-7525-5.
  12. ^ Bloom, Harold (2003). Zora Neale Hurston. Philadelphia: Chelsea House. p. 129. ISBN 9781438115535.
  13. ^ "Jameson, Margaret Ethel [Storm] (1891–1986), novelist | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39834. Retrieved 2020-02-19. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  14. ^ Bellamy, Richard (1993). Gramsci and the Italian state. Manchester, UK New York: Manchester University Press Distributed by St. Martin's Press. p. xiv. ISBN 9780719033421.
  15. ^ Pāppaṇṇā Paramēsvaran̲ (1991). Bharathidasan: Life. Anu Pathippagam. p. 9.
  16. ^ Nadine Natov (1985). Mikhail Bulgakov. Twayne Publishers. p. 1-2. ISBN 978-0-8057-6598-4.
  17. ^ Гістарычны шлях беларускай нацыі і дзяржавы (in Russian). Vydavets Zmitser Kolas. 2005. p. 409. ISBN 978-985-6783-06-0.
  18. ^ S. Lillian Kremer (2003). Holocaust Literature: Lerner to Zychlinsky, index. Taylor & Francis. p. 1067. ISBN 978-0-415-92984-4.
  19. ^ Lawrence Durrell; Henry Miller (September 1998). Durrell-Miller Letters, 1935-1980. New Directions Publishing. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8112-1730-9.
  20. ^ Enos Boyd Heiney (1900). Poets and Poetry of Indiana: A Representative Collection of the Poetry of Indiana During the First Hundred Years of Its History as Territory and State, 1800 to 1900. Silver, Burdett. p. 417. ISBN 978-0-7222-0809-0.
  21. ^ "Tiernan, Mary Spear (1836–1891)". Encyclopedia Virginia, a publication of Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  22. ^ Merriam-Webster, Inc; MERRIAM-WEBSTER STAFF; Encyclopaedia Britannica Publishers, Inc. Staff (1995). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Merriam-Webster. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-87779-042-6.
  23. ^ The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Funk and Wagnalls. 1925. p. 410.
  24. ^ "The Last Tribute Paid. James Russell Lowell Laid At Rest. Buried Under Hornbeam Trees In The Spot He Had Himself Selected And Near The Grave Of Longfellow At Mount Auburn". The New York Times. August 15, 1891. Retrieved March 23, 2010.
  25. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Goncharov, Ivan Alexandrovich" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  26. ^ Hershel Parker (15 August 2005). Herman Melville: A Biography. JHU Press. p. 920. ISBN 978-0-8018-8186-2.
  27. ^ The Law Journal. E.B. Ince. 1891. p. 655.
  28. ^ Enid Starkie (1954). Arthur Rimbaud, 1854-1954. Clarendon Press. p. 9.
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