1984 Pacific hurricane season

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1984 Pacific hurricane season
1984 Pacific hurricane season summary map.png
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedMay 17, 1984
Last system dissipatedNovember 8, 1984
Strongest storm
NameDouglas
 • Maximum winds145 mph (230 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure939 mbar (hPa; 27.73 inHg)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions26
Total storms21
Hurricanes13
Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+)		7
Total fatalities21 total
Total damageUnknown
Related articles
Pacific hurricane seasons
1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986

The 1984 Pacific hurricane season was a very active season, producing 21 named storms. When Fausto became a tropical storm on July 3, it was the earliest the sixth-named storm on record at the time. This record would be tied in 1985 and broken 34 years later. The season produced 26 tropical cyclones, of which 21 developed into named storms; 13 cyclones attained hurricane status, of which three reached major hurricane status. The season officially started on May 15, 1984, in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1984, in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1984. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when the vast majority tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The strongest hurricane of the season was Hurricane Douglas, which attained Category 4 status on the Saffir–Simpson scale in the open Pacific.

Only four tropical systems made landfall during the season. In September, Hurricane Norbert took an erratic path before making landfall on Baja California as a tropical storm, bringing flooding rains. Hurricane Odile also made landfall on Mexico during September as a tropical storm, killing 21 at sea and severely damaging crops. Additionally, Hurricanes Genevieve and Polo struck Mexico as tropical depressions. Hurricane Douglas also threatened Hawaii.

Seasonal summary[]

Hurricane Odile (1984)Hurricane Norbert (1984)Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale

There were 18 tropical storms in the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center's (EPHC) area of responsibility (AOR) this season. Twelve became hurricanes. Of those, six became major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 intensity or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale. In the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's (CPHC) AOR, there was a major hurricane and two tropical storms. There was one tropical depression that did not strengthen into a storm.

The first storm of the season formed on May 17 and the last storm dissipated on November 5, spanning 173 days. While this was much shorter than 1983, it was still two weeks longer than the 10 year average. During the season, there were a total of 1187 storm hours and 1048 hurricane hours, both of which were well above normal. A total of 585 advisories were issued by the EPHC, nearly 200 above normal.

Systems[]

Tropical Storm Alma[]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Alma 1984-05-19 1815Z.png Alma 1984 track.png
DurationMay 17 – May 21
Peak intensity60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min) 

Alma, a short-lived storm, developed from a tropical disturbance that later was upgraded to Tropical Depression One-E on May 17. It continued strengthening until May 19, when it strengthened into Tropical Storm Alma, the first tropical cyclone and named storm of the season. Alma hit its peak intensity of a strong tropical storm of 60 mph (95 km/h) later that day. Moving due west, On May 21, it was downgraded into a depression. Later that same day, Alma was declared dissipated as it degenerated into an open trough.[1][2]

Hurricane Boris[]

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Boris 1984-05-29 2000Z.png Boris 1984 track.png
DurationMay 28 – June 18
Peak intensity80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min) 

On May 28, a tropical depression formed 345 mi (555 km) south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Moving west, the storm was located underneath 88 °F (31 °C) waters.[1] The depression strengthened into a tropical storm the next day.[2] On May 30, Boris strengthened into a hurricane, the first of the season, and reached its peak intensity with 75 mph (120 km/h) winds.[1] The next day the hurricane weakened into a tropical storm and began executing a loop in response to a building ridge. Boris soon weakened to a tropical depression. After traversing cooler waters of 78 °F (26 °C), the depression dissipated into a remnant low on June 5.[1] However, on June 12, its remnants redeveloped into a tropical storm.[1] In response to an upper-level trough, Boris began to move to the north. However the trough weakened and Boris subsequently began moving to the west, over cooler waters, and dissipated on June 18.[1]

Hurricane Cristina[]

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Cristina 23 June 1984.jpg Cristina 1984 track.png
DurationJune 17 – June 26
Peak intensity100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) 

Hurricane Cristina formed from a tropical disturbance 345 mi (555 km) southwest of Acapulco on June 17. Moving west due to a combination of a weak westerly-moving upper-level low and a subtropical ridge, the storm intensified into a tropical storm on the same day. Cristina continued to gradually intensify before reaching peak intensity with 105 mph (170 km/h) winds on June 19, a mid-level Category 2 hurricane. The hurricane began moving to the northwest in response to a high-pressure area and weakened into a tropical storm on June 22. Cristina intensified to become a hurricane for a second time on June 24.[2] Cristina eventually dissipated June 26[1] after bring high clouds to the Baja California Peninsula for a few days.[3]

Hurricane Douglas[]

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Hurricane Douglas Jun 28 1984 1815Z.jpg Douglas 1984 track.png
DurationJune 25 – July 6
Peak intensity145 mph (230 km/h) (1-min)  939 mbar (hPa)

A disturbance off the coast of Mexico had no significant convection until June 25, when it strengthened into Tropical Depression Four-E. As it strengthened into a tropical storm, it received the name Douglas. It strengthened into a hurricane the next day. It hit its peak intensity of a Category Four on the SSHS on June 28. The next day, Douglas weakened into a category 3, then a category 2 late the same day. It later weakened into a tropical storm on July 5, then on July 6, the storm met its demise as it dissipated. Douglas was the strongest storm of the season. Its remnants brought rain to Maui and the Big Island of Hawaii.

Hurricane Elida[]

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Elida 1984-06-30 2045Z.png Elida 1984 track.png
DurationJune 28 – July 9
Peak intensity130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min) 

A tropical disturbance developed roughly 350 mi (565 km) south of Salina Cruz several hundred miles southwest of Acapulco. The disturbance became a tropical depression on June 28. Moving northwestward, the depression was upgraded into Tropical Storm Elida 24 hours later. Rapidly intensifying, Elida eventually peaked as a powerful category 4 hurricane. Shortly after its peak, Elida moved over 76 °F (24 °C) waters as its motion slowed. Hurricane Elida later began to turn southwest, then south, and then east as it interacted with Hurricane Fausto and Genevieve. By that time, Elida was only a tropical depression. On July 9, Elida dissipated as a tropical cyclone.

Tropical Depression Six-E[]

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Tropical Depression Six-E 1984.jpg 
DurationJune 30 – July 2
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min) 

A poorly defined area of thunderstorms developed about 506 miles (815 km) southeast of the Gulf of Tehuantepec on June 29. The system developed a cyclonic circulation the next morning and became Tropical Depression Six-E. Despite warm waters beneath it, the outflow of Hurricane Elida prevented strengthening, and the depression dissipated by 00:00 UTC on July 2.[1]

Hurricane Fausto[]

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Fausto 4 July 1984.jpg Fausto 1984 track.png
DurationJuly 3 – July 10
Peak intensity110 mph (175 km/h) (1-min) 

A weak tropical disturbance entered the Pacific on July 1. Moving over a pocket of 90 °F (32 °C) waters, it rapidly intensified into a tropical storm on July 3. Fausto slowly turned northwest into an area between two strong troughs. Late on July 8, Fausto reached hurricane intensity. Continuing to rapidly intensify, Fuasto attained peak intensity of 110 miles per hour (175 km/h) 686 km (426 mi) south of La Paz. Hurricane Fuasto continued to move northwest, weakening as it encountered progressively cooler waters. During the afternoon of July 8, the EPHC downgraded Fausto into a tropical storm. Fuasto turned west on July 9 in response to a ridge north of the cyclone. Shortly thereafter, Fuasto was downgraded into a tropical depression, and the system dissipated the next day.[1] Fausto brought high clouds to southern Baja California Sur for four days.[3]

Hurricane Genevieve[]

Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
Genevieve 1984-07-10 2015Z.png Genevieve 1984 track.png
DurationJuly 7 – July 14
Peak intensity115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min) 

A disturbance about 460 miles (741 km) south of Mexico developed into Tropical Depression Eight at 6:00 UTC on July 7. Heading northwest over very warm waters of 29-30 °C, the depression became a tropical storm, was named Genevieve, and rapidly intensified to a hurricane at 18:00 UTC on July 8. It reached peak intensity about 48 hours later as a Category 3 major hurricane with 115 mph (185 km/h) winds. Continual northwestward movement brought Hurricane Genevieve over colder waters, and it weakened over the following days. Genevieve dropped to tropical depression strength again around 00:00 UTC on July 14, and moved ashore the Baja California Peninsula nine hours later about 92 miles (148 kilometers) northwest of Cabo San Lucas. The cyclone dissipated shortly thereafter.[1]

Tropical Depression Nine-E[]

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Tropical Depression Nine-E 1984.jpg 
DurationJuly 24 – July 25
Peak intensity30 mph (45 km/h) (1-min) 

A tropical disturbance crossed into the basin over Costa Rica and Nicaragua from July 13–14. It gradually separated from the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and finally became a depression around 00:00 UTC on July 23. The depression peaked in intensity as it moved to the west-northwest, with 30 mph (50 km/h) maximum sustained winds. It dissipated over marginal waters on July 25 at 00:00 UTC.[1]

Tropical Storm Hernan[]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Hernan 28 July 1984.jpg Hernan 1984 track.png
DurationJuly 27 – August 1
Peak intensity50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) 

Tropical Depression Ten-E developed about 460 miles (741 km) south of the southern tip of Baja California Sur. Over 29 °C waters, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Hernan around 00:00 UTC on July 28 as it moved west-northwest. Turning west around an upper-level high to its northwest, Hernan gradually strengthened and achieved peak intensity at 12:00 UTC on July 29 with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). Afterward, the storm weakened as it moved over cooler waters of 26 °C. A ridge pushing south of the high forced Hernan to the west-southwest, and a trough digging south over Baja California caused shear to increase over Hernan. Moving into even colder waters, Hernan then rapidly weakened, and its center dissipated around 00:00 UTC on August 1.

Hurricane Iselle[]

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Iselle 1984-08-08 2230Z.png Iselle 1984 track.png
DurationAugust 3 – August 12
Peak intensity130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min) 

A new disturbance entered the Gulf of Tehuantepec from Mexico from August 2–3, and it rapidly developed into Tropical Depression Eleven-E on August 3, around 12:00 UTC. Moving west-northwest around the south side of a high over Mexico, the depression encountered very warm waters and strengthened into a tropical storm around 18:00 UTC the next day. Quickly intensifying, the storm strengthened into a hurricane by 6:00 UTC on August 6. Hurricane Iselle peaked as a low-end Category 4 hurricane around 18:00 UTC on August 8, with winds of 130 mph (210 km/h). A vigorous trough moving southeast off of the California coast forced Iselle to turn northwest. Cooling waters caused Iselle to steadily weaken. It dropped below hurricane strength by 6:00 UTC on August 11, and weakened even more rapidly afterward. Iselle dissipated at 12:00 UTC on August 12.

Tropical Storm Julio[]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Julio 15 August 1984.jpg Julio 1984 track.png
DurationAugust 15 – August 20
Peak intensity60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min) 

Tropical Depression Twelve-E developed about 172 miles (278 km) south of Acapulco on August 15. It moved westward for twelve hours before turning more west-northwestward around a sharp upper-level ridge over the Gulf of Mexico and the mainland. It became a tropical storm at 15:00 UTC that day strengthened over the following day. Julio also exhibited a bursting pattern over its circulation that extended its rainbands over central Mexico. During this time Julio reached peak intensity with 60 mph (95 km/h) winds. Despite continued warm waters, increasing vertical wind shear caused Julio to rapidly weaken. It dissipated at about 12:00 UTC on August 20, about midway between Socorro Island and Cabo Corrientes.

Hurricane Keli[]

Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
Keli 20 August 1984.jpg Keli 1984 track.png
DurationAugust 16 – August 22
Peak intensity115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min) 

Tropical Depression One-C developed well southwest of the Big Island of Hawaii on August 16. It strengthened into a tropical storm six hours later and was named Keli. Favorable conditions allowed Keli to quickly intensify. It became a hurricane on August 18 and briefly peaked as a Category 3 major hurricane the next day. Shortly after, intense wind shear and cooler waters caused Keli to weaken rapidly. It dissipated on August 22 near the International Date Line.

Hurricane Keli threatened Johnston Atoll enough to prompt an evacuation. However, the aforementioned wind shear quickly disintegrated Keli, and no damage was reported.

Tropical Storm Kenna[]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Kenna 1984-08-18 1830Z.png Kenna 1984 track.png
DurationAugust 16 – August 21
Peak intensity60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min) 

A tropical disturbance crossed Panama on August 7. Traveling westward under a large deep-layer ridge to its north, the disturbance became increasingly organized near its center on August 15, and became a tropical depression at 15:30 UTC the next day. The depressions strengthened into Tropical Storm Kenna the next day. Kenna moved west with little change in intensity and entered the Central Pacific around 12:00 UTC on August 18.

Tropical Storm Lala[]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Lala 1984-08-30 0000Z.png Lala 1984 track.png
DurationAugust 23 – September 2
Peak intensity50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) 

Tropical Depression Fourteen-E crossed the 140 longitude, and became Tropical Storm Lala. Lala, along with Iniki of 1992, Li of 1994, Lana of 2009, Ela of 2015, Ulika of 2016 & Akoni of 2019 are the only seven Tropical Storms to be named in the Central Pacific, but form in the Eastern Pacific.

Hurricane Lowell[]

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Lowell 26 August 1984.jpg Lowell 1984 track.png
DurationAugust 26 – August 30
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min) 

Lowell was a hurricane that did not impact land.

Tropical Storm Moke[]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Moke 4 September 1984.jpg Moke 1984 track.png
DurationSeptember 3 (Entered basin) – September 5
Peak intensity50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) 

Moke had uncertain beginnings, as it developed from a cold-core low that eventually became a tropical storm just east of the dateline. It passed close to Kure Atoll, encountered shear, and lost tropical characteristics.

Hurricane Marie[]

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Marie 1984-09-07 1800Z.png Marie 1984 track.png
DurationSeptember 5 – September 11
Peak intensity90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min) 

Hurricane Marie was a weak storm that dissipated off the coast of Baja California. Its remnants recurved and brought minor levels of rain to California.

Tropical Depression Seventeen-E[]

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg 
DurationSeptember 11 – September 12
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min) 

This tropical depression formed in the Gulf of Tehuantepec.

Tropical Depression Eighteen-E[]

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Tropical Storm Edouard (1984).JPG 
DurationSeptember 14 – September 15
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min) 

This tropical depression formed along the coast near Zihuatanejo, Mexico from the remnants of the Atlantic tropical storm Edouard.

Hurricane Norbert[]

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Hurricane Norbert Sep 20 1984 1745Z.jpg Norbert 1984 track.png
DurationSeptember 14 – September 26
Peak intensity130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min) 
Main article: Hurricane Norbert (1984)

A tropical depression first developed on September 14 over the Pacific Ocean west of the Mexican coast. Six hours later, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Norbert. Norbert reached hurricane status on September 16, and shortly thereafter Norbert became a hurricane. On September 17, Norbert was upgraded to a major hurricane (Category 3 or higher). Meanwhile, Norbert meandered.[2] At 0000 UTC, September 21, Norbert reached its peak intensity of 130 mph (210 km/h). Shortly after its peak, Hurricane Norbert began to turn to the northwest.[1]

Norbert fluctuated in intensity over the next few days.[2] On September 23, a Hurricane Hunter aircraft intercepted Norbert,[1] marking the first time that the core of a hurricane was completely mapped in 3-D. The aircraft was also equipped with Doppler weather radar.[4] Although the hurricane's motion accelerated, by September 25, Norbert was only a Category 2 hurricane.[2] After weakening back into a tropical storm early on September 26 and subsequently ashore near Point Abreojos in the central portion of the Baja California Peninsula while a high-end tropical storm. Norbert eventually became one of the eight tropical cyclones to survive into Arizona.[5]

Described as "big and ugly" by meteorologists,[6] a combination of Norbert and several other storms left many people without a home and hotels nearly empty.[7] Scattered and light rainfall fell across portions of Baja California Norte and Sonora[8] Sustained winds of 20 to 30 mph (30 to 50 km/h) were recorded in the Tucson metropolitan area, but only moderate rainfall occurred throughout south-central to northeast Arizona.[9]

Hurricane Odile[]

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Hurricane Odile Sep 21 1984 2000Z.jpg Odile 1984 track.png
DurationSeptember 17 – September 23
Peak intensity105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min) 
Main article: Hurricane Odile (1984)

A tropical disturbance was noted about 150 mi (240 km) south of Acapulco on September 16 and was classified as a tropical depression the next day. About 24 hours after developing into a tropical cyclone, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Odile. By the afternoon of September 19, Odile became a hurricane while meandering south of the Mexican coast.[1]

Late on September 21, Hurricane Odile reached its peak intensity of 105 miles per hour (170 km/h). While maintaining peak intensity for a half of a day, the cyclone began to turn more northwestward and weaken over cooler waters.[1] The hurricane weakened to tropical storm status while approaching the coast of Mexico. By late on September 22, Odile made landfall about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Zihuatanejo, as a weak tropical storm, with winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). Less than six hours later, Odile became an extratropical cyclone, which was at 0000 UTC on September 23. The remnants of Odile moved northwest to the east of Manzanillo before weakening as it re-curved towards Texas.[1][10]

Heavy rainfall was recorded across Southern Mexico, with the maximum rainfall totals in Costa Azul and Acapulco,.[10] Due to an extended period of heavy rainfall, flooding resulted in damage to about 900 homes, inundation of about 30 miles (50 km) of highways, triggered an evacuation of 7,000 people, and left 20,000 families without any water service.[11] About eighty percent of the crops in the state of Guerrero were damaged. Commercial flights in Acapulco were suspended for two daybecuase airline terminal was flooded by more than 3 ft (910 mm) of water. In addition, Hurricane Odile knocked down two high-tension towers.[11] Overall, the hurricane killed 40 people, and hundreds more were missing,[12] and left thousands homeless.[11]

Hurricane Polo[]

Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
Polo 1984-10-01 1800Z.png Polo 1984 track.png
DurationSeptember 26 – October 3
Peak intensity115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min) 

As a tropical depression, Polo made landfall in the extreme southern part of the Baja California Peninsula on October 3.

Tropical Storm Rachel[]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Rachel 10 October 1984.jpg Rachel 1984 track.png
DurationOctober 7 – October 16
Peak intensity65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min) 

A tropical depression formed on October 7, several hundred miles south of Mexico. It was upgraded to Tropical Storm Rachel on October 9, as it continued westward into the open waters of the Pacific Ocean. Rachel was downgraded to a tropical depression on October 11, as it began to turn northwest. The depression then dissipated in open waters on October 16.[1]

Tropical Storm Simon[]

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Simon 1 November 1984.jpg Simon 1984 track.png
DurationOctober 31 – November 8
Peak intensity65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min) 

Simon was a moderately strong tropical storm which did not affect land.

Tropical Depression Twenty-Four-E[]

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg 
DurationNovember 5 – November 5
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min) 

This tropical depression quickly formed and dissipated over cool water.

Season effects[]

Name Dates active Peak classification Peak 1-minute
sustained winds 		Land areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Alma May 17–21 Tropical Storm 60 miles per hour (95 km/h) None None None
Boris May 28 – June 18 Category 1 hurricane 75 miles per hour (120 km/h) None None None
Cristina June 17–26 Category 2 hurricane 105 miles per hour (170 km/h) None None None
Douglas June 25 – July 6 Category 4 hurricane 145 miles per hour (235 km/h) Hawaii None None
Elida June 28 – July 8 Category 4 hurricane 130 miles per hour (210 km/h) None None None
Six June 30 – July 2 Tropical depression 35 miles per hour (55 km/h) None None None
Fausto July 3–10 Category 2 hurricane 110 miles per hour (175 km/h) Baja California Sur None None
Genevieve July 7–14 Category 3 hurricane 115 miles per hour (185 km/h) Baja California Sur None None
Nine-E July 24–25 Tropical depression 35 miles per hour (55 km/h) None None None
Hernan July 27 – August 1 Tropical Storm 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) None None None
Iselle August 3–12 Category 4 hurricane 130 miles per hour (210 km/h) None None None
Julio August 15–20 Tropical Storm 65 miles per hour (105 km/h) None None None
Keli August 16–22 Category 3 hurricane 115 miles per hour (185 km/h) None None None
Kenna August 16–21 Tropical Storm 60 miles per hour (95 km/h) None None None
Lala August 23 – September 2 Tropical Storm 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) None None None
Lowell August 26–30 Category 1 hurricane 85 miles per hour (135 km/h) None None None
Moke September 4–5 Tropical Storm 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) None None None
Marie September 5–11 Category 1 hurricane 90 miles per hour (140 km/h) None None None
17 September 11–12 Tropical depression 35 miles per hour (56 km/h) None None None
18 September 14–15 Tropical depression 35 miles per hour (56 km/h) None None None
Norbert September 14–26 Category 4 hurricane 130 miles per hour (210 km/h) Baja California Norte, Arizona Minimal None
Odile September 17–23 Category 2 hurricane 115 miles per hour (185 km/h) Western Mexico Minimal 21
Polo September 26 –October 3 Category 3 hurricane 115 miles per hour (185 km/h) Baja California Sur None None
Rachel October 7–16 Tropical Storm 65 miles per hour (105 km/h) None None None
Simon October 31 – November 8 Tropical Storm 65 miles per hour (105 km/h) None None None
24 November 5 Tropical depression 35 miles per hour (55 km/h) None None None
Season Aggregates
26 systems May 17 – November 5 145 miles per hour (235 km/h)


Storm names[]

The following names were used for named storms that formed in the eastern Pacific in 1984. This was the first time all of these names were used since the modern lists began. No names were retired, so the list of names was used again in the 1990 season. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.

  • Alma
  • Boris
  • Cristina
  • Douglas
  • Elida
  • Fausto
  • Genevieve
  • Hernan
  • Iselle
  • Julio
  • Kenna
  • Lowell
  • Marie
  • Norbert
  • Odile
  • Polo
  • Rachel
  • Simon
  • Trudy (unused)
  • Vance (unused)
  • Wallis (unused)

Three names from the Central Pacific list were used – Keli, Lala, and Moke. This was the first usage for all of these names.

  • Keli
  • Lala
  • Moke
  • Nele (unused)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Gunther, Emil B.; Cross, Robert L. (August 1985). "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1984". Monthly Weather Review. 113 (8): 1393–1410. Bibcode:1985MWRv..113.1393G. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1985)113<1393:ENPTCO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  2. ^ a b c d e f National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center. "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2019". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved 1 October 2020. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
  3. ^ a b Garcia, Perez; A.V. Douglas (July 24, 1989). "On the Satus cover" (PDF). Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. 83 (5–6): 219–234. doi:10.1159/000090433. PMID 16374074. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  4. ^ Marks, Frank D.; Houze, Robert A.; Gamache, John F. (1992). "Dual-Aircraft Investigation of the Inner Core of Hurricane Norbert. Part I: Kinematic Structure" (PDF). Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 49 (11): 919. Bibcode:1992JAtS...49..919M. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<0919:DAIOTI>2.0.CO;2.
  5. ^ National Weather Service, Tucson Regional Office. "Tropical cyclones in Arizona". Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  6. ^ "Hurricane big and ugly, shipping warned". Free Lawrence Star. September 24, 1984. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  7. ^ "Storm batters Mexico resort". The Spokes-Review. September 24, 1984. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  8. ^ "Hurricane Norbert – July 24–27, 1984". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
  9. ^ National Weather Service, Tucson Regional Office. "Hurricane Norbert 1984". Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  10. ^ a b Roth, David M. (April 2, 2007). "Hurricane Odile- September 16-24, 1984". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
  11. ^ a b c "Storms leave thousands homeless across Mexico". Lakeland Ledger. Associated Press. September 25, 1984. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
  12. ^ "Damaging hurricanes in Central America, Caribbean, USA and Mexico". El Universal. EFE. August 21, 2007. Retrieved June 16, 2012.

External links[]

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