1994 Ukrainian parliamentary election

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1994 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Ukraine
← 1990 27 March 1994 1998 →
All 450 seats in the Verkhovna Rada
226 seats needed for a majority
Turnout75.81% (Decrease 3.19 pp)
Party Leader % Seats
KPU Petro Symonenko 12.72% 86
Rukh Vyacheslav Chornovil 5.15% 20
SPU Oleksandr Moroz 3.09% 14
SelPU Serhiy Dovhan 2.74% 19
URP Levko Lukyanenko 2.52% 8
KUN Slava Stetsko 1.25% 5
DPU Volodymyr Yavorivsky 1.08% 2
PDVU Volodymyr Filenko 0.83% 4
UNA Yuriy Shukhevych 0.51% 1
PP Mykola Azarov 0.4% 4
SDPU Volodymyr Moskovka 0.4% 2
CDPU Vitaly Zhuravsky 0.4% 1
UCRP Stepan Khmara 0.3% 2
GKU Oleksandr Bazylyuk 0.3% 2
Independents – 51.42% 168
– – 112
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Вибори до ВР України 1994 по областях.png
Results of the 1994 parliamentary election by region
Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada before Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada after
Ivan Plyushch Ivan Plyushch
Independent		 Oleksandr Moroz
SPU		Oleksandr Moroz
Politics of Ukraine
Lesser Coat of Arms of Ukraine.svg
Constitution
Presidency
  • President
    • Volodymyr Zelensky
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Local government
Elections
Foreign relations
See also
Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine portal
  • Other countries
  • v
  • t

Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 27 March 1994, with a second round between 2 and 10 April.[1] 15 political parties gained seats and the majority of deputies were independents.[2] However, 112 seats were remained unfilled, and a succession of by-elections were required in July, August, November and December 1994 and more in December 1995 and April 1996.[1] Three hundred (300) seats or two thirds (2/3) of the parliament were required to be filled for the next convocation.

In what were the first elections held after Ukraine broke away from the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of Ukraine emerged as the largest party in the Verkhovna Rada, winning 86 of the 338 seats decided in the first two rounds.[3] This election was the result of a compromise between the President and the Verkhovna Rada, which was reached on 24 September 1993 because of a political crisis caused by mass protests and strikes particularly from students and miners. On that day, the Rada adopted a decree to organize parliamentary elections ahead of schedule, and ahead of scheduled presidential elections in June.

Electoral system (50% rule)[]

As in the previous this election took place according to the majoritarian electoral system in 450 electoral districts containing several precincts.[4] Each region was assigned a proportion of districts depending on its population. Hence the most mandates were received by the more populated eastern regions of Ukraine, particularly the regions of Donets basin such as Donetsk Oblast and Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.

In order to be elected a candidate needed to obtain more than 50% of votes and in order for the election to be valid more than 50% of registered voters needed to vote.[2] If no candidate obtained more than 50% in the first round, the top two candidates were listed on the ballot in the second round.[2] In the second round the 50% rule was applied as well.[2] Reelections were called in case if the 50% votes in the second round was not met.[2]

Because of those conditions several districts in the Verkhovna Rada were left not represented for a whole convocation.[2] Particularly acute that problem was in the city of Kyiv that was assigned 23 mandates, while in the parliament only its 10 representatives participated in the second convocation - less than a half. Kyiv became the most under represented region.

Results[]

Party Votes % Seats
Communist Party of Ukraine 3,683,332 12.72 86
People's Movement of Ukraine 1,491,164 5.15 20
Socialist Party of Ukraine 895,830 3.09 14
Peasant Party of Ukraine 794,614 2.74 19
Ukrainian Republican Party 728,614 2.52 8
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 361,352 1.25 5
Democratic Party of Ukraine 312,842 1.08 2
Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine 239,763 0.83 4
Liberal Party of Ukraine 173,503 0.60 0
Ukrainian National Assembly 148,239 0.51 1
Party of Labor 114,409 0.4 4
Social Democratic Party of Ukraine 104,204 0.4 2
Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine 100,007 0.4 1
Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party 99,028 0.3 2
Toiling Congress of Ukraine 83,702 0.3 0
Civil Congress of Ukraine 72,473 0.3 2
Party of Greens of Ukraine 71,946 0.3 0
Social National Party of Ukraine 49,483 0.2 0
Ukrainian Party of Justice 40,414 0.1 0
State Independence of Ukraine 24,722 0.1 0
Party of Economic Revival 20,829 0.1 0
Party of Slavic Unity of Ukraine 18,807 0.1 0
Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists 16,766 0.1 0
12,847 0.0 0
Constitutional Democratic Party of Ukraine 12,711 0.0 0
Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party 11,827 0.0 0
Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine 8,576 0.0 0
6,668 0.0 0
Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party 5,917 0.0 0
Ukrainian Beer Lovers Party 1,806 0.0 0
Party of Free Peasants of Ukraine 1,169 0.0 0
Party of National Salvation of Ukraine 515 0.0 0
Other parties 28,166 0.1 0
Independents 14,894,269 51.42 168
Against all 2,512,118 8.67 –
Vacant – – 112
Invalid/blank votes 1,821,350 6.29 –
Total 28,963,982 100 450
Registered voters/turnout 38,204,100 75.81 –
Source; Nohlen & Stöver

Parliamentary factions[]

Blocs were formed in the Rada on 11 May 1994:

Political Bloc Seats Supported for the President
Communists of Ukraine 83 Oleksandr Moroz, Leonid Kuchma
Socialist Party of Ukraine 25[5] Oleksandr Moroz
People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh) 27 Volodymyr Lanovyi
Interregional Bloc 26 Leonid Kuchma
Bloc "Derzhavnist'" 25 Leonid Kravchuk
Bloc "Center" 38 Leonid Kravchuk
Bloc "Agrarians of Ukraine" 36 Oleksandr Tkachenko, Leonid Kravchuk
Bloc "Reforms" 27 Volodymyr Lanovyi
Bloc "Unity" 25 –
Not affiliated 23 –
Total 355

The political blocks formed in the Verkhovna Rada did not exactly represented a similar party. Such parties as the Peasant's Party of Ukraine (SelPU) and the Agrarians for Reform (AZR) (a breakaway SelPU members) formed the Agrarians of Ukraine block. Although some of the deputies, especially from SelPU, joined the Socialist block. The Ukrainian Republican Party (URP), the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (CUN), and the Democratic Party of Ukraine (DemPU) has formed the electoral block Derzhavnist (Statehood).

  • The left electoral blocks: Communists of Ukraine, Socialist block, and Peasant's Party of Ukraine
  • The right electoral blocks: People's Movement of Ukraine and Derzhavnist
  • The center electoral blocks: Interregional block, Social-Market Choice, Unity, and Agrarians for Reforms
  • The right-center electoral blocks: Reforms and Center

In February 1997 the following factions were present in parliament:[6]

  • The leftist: Communist of Ukraine (86 seats), Socialist Party of Ukraine (25 seats) and Peasant's Party of Ukraine (38 seats)
  • The centrist: Constitutional Center (56 seats), Unity (37 seats), Intraregional Deputies Group (28 seats), Social-Market Choice (25 seats) and Independents (25 seats)
  • The national democratic: Reforms and (29 seats) People's Movement of Ukraine (27 seats).

By regions (single constituency)[]

Regional rankings[]

by party[]

Crimea (19)
  • No party affiliation (11)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (7)
  • Party of Economic Revival of Crimea (1)
Vinnytsia Region (16)
  • No party affiliation (15)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (1)
Volyn Region (9)
Dnipropetrovsk Region (34)
  • No party affiliation (25)
  • Labor Party (3)
  • Peasant Party of Ukraine (3)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (1)
  • Socialist Party of Ukraine (1)
  • Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine (1)
Donetsk Region (48)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (24)
  • No party affiliation (18)
  • Socialist Party of Ukraine (3)
  • Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)
  • Labor Party (1)
  • Democratic Party of Ukraine (1)
Zhytomyr Region (12)
  • No party affiliation (8)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (3)
  • Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)
Zakarpattia Region (11)
  • No party affiliation (9)
  • Social-Democratic Party of Ukraine (1)
  • Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine (1)
Zaporizhia Region (18)
  • No party affiliation (8)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (7)
  • Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine (1)
  • Socialist Party of Ukraine (1)
  • Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)
Ivano-Frankivsk Region (13)
Kirovohrad Region (12)
Luhansk Region (23)
Lviv Region (22)
Mykolaiv Region (11)
  • No party affiliation (5)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (5)
  • Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)
Odessa Region (23)
Kyiv Region (17)
Poltava Region (16)
  • No party affiliation (13)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (2)
  • Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)
Rivne Region (10)
Sumy Region (12)
Ternopil Region (10)
Kharkiv Region (25)
Kherson Region (10)
Khmelnytsky Region (13)
Cherkasy Region (13)
  • No party affiliation (8)
  • Peasant Party of Ukraine (3)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (2)
Chernivtsi Region (8)
Chernihiv Region (13)
  • No party affiliation (8)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (3)
  • Labor Party (1)
  • Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)
Kyiv (11/23)
Sevastopol (4)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (3)
  • No party affiliation (1)

by nationality[]

Kyiv (11/23)
  • Ukrainian (9)
  • Russian (1)
  • Bulgarian (1)
Sevastopol (4)
  • Russian (2)
  • Ukrainian (1)
  • Not identified (1)
Crimea (19)
  • Russian (9)
  • Ukrainian (6)
  • Jewish (2)
  • Karaite (1)
  • Not identified (1)
Vinnytsia Region (16/17)
  • Ukrainian (14)
  • Russian (1)
  • Polish (1)
Volyn Region (8/9)
  • Ukrainian (8)
Dnipropetrovsk Region (34)
  • Ukrainian (28)
  • Russian (4)
  • Not identified (2)
Donetsk Region (47)
  • Ukrainian (27→26)
  • Russian (18→19)
  • Adyghe (1)
  • Jewish (1)
Zhytomyr Region (12/13)
  • Ukrainian (10)
  • Russian (1)
  • German (1)
Zakarpattia Region (10)
  • Ukrainian (8)
  • Russian (1)
  • Hungarian (1)
Zaporizhia Region (18)
  • Ukrainian (12)
  • Russian (6)
Ivano-Frankivsk Region (12/13)
  • Ukrainian (10)
  • Russian (1)
  • Not identified (1)
Kyiv Region (16)
  • Ukrainian (14)
  • Russian (2)
Kirovohrad Region (10)
  • Ukrainian (7→6)
  • Russian (3)
  • Not identified (0→1)
Luhansk Region (24)
  • Ukrainian (12)
  • Russian (10)
  • Chuvash (1)
  • Jewish (1)
Lviv Region (22/23)
  • Ukrainian (22)
Mykolaiv Region (11)
  • Ukrainian (7)
  • Russian (4)
Odessa Region (21/23)
  • Ukrainian (12→13)
  • Russian (6→5)
  • Jewish (1)
  • Moldavian (1)
  • Bulgarian (1)
  • Not identified (1)
Poltava Region (16)
  • Ukrainian (14)
  • Russian (1)
  • Belorussian (1)
Rivne Region (10)
  • Ukrainian (9)
  • Not identified (1)
Sumy Region (11/13)
  • Ukrainian (11)
Ternopil Regin (10)
  • Ukrainian (10)
Kharkiv Region (25/28)
  • Ukrainian (14)
  • Russian (8)
  • Jewish (1)
  • Polish (1)
  • Not identified (1)
Kherson Region (9/11)
  • Ukrainian (7)
  • Belorussian (1)
  • Not identified (1)
Khmelnytskyi Region (13)
  • Ukrainian (12)
  • Russian (1)
Cherkasy Region (13)
  • Ukrainian (13)
Chernivtsi Region (8)
  • Ukrainian (7)
  • Romanian (1)
Chernihiv Region (12)
  • Ukrainian (10)
  • Russian (2)

Aftermath[]

Due to the low turnout, 112 seats remained vacant and later in the summer of 1994 (24 and 31 July and 7 August) 20 MPs were elected to the Rada. On 20 November and 4 December nine more MPs were elected.

On 30 May 1994 MP died of a heart attack and Leonid Kravchuk was elected as his replacement on 25 September. On 15 July Leonid Kuchma surrendered his parliamentarian mandate after being elected President, and was elected in his place. On 21 August MP Vitaliy Yurkovsky died, and was replaced by Natalya Vitrenko.

References[]

  1. ^ a b Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1976 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. ^ a b c d e f Parliamentary chronicles, The Ukrainian Week (30 November 2018)
  3. ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p1991
  4. ^ Against All Odds: Aiding Political Parties in Georgia and Ukraine (UvA Proefschriften) by , Vossiuspers UvA, 2010, ISBN 90-5629-631-0 (page 93)
  5. ^ Political parties of the world by Alan J. Day and Henry W. Degenhardt, 2002, , ISBN 978-0-9536278-7-5, Page 479
  6. ^ Contemporary Ukraine Dynamics of Post-Soviet Transformation by , M. E. Sharpe, May 1998, ISBN 0765602245 (page 26)
  7. ^ membership was annulled on June 13, 1996

External links[]

Retrieved from ""